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Add per-device hierarchical event counters to track when RDMA resource
limits are exceeded. The rdma.events file reports max event counts
propagated upward from the cgroup whose limit was hit to all ancestors.
This mirrors the design of pids.events, where events are attributed to
the cgroup that imposed the limit, not necessarily the cgroup where the
allocation was attempted. Userspace can monitor this file via
poll/epoll for real-time notification of resource exhaustion.
Signed-off-by: Tao Cui <cuitao@kylinos.cn>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Cross-merge networking fixes after downstream PR (net-7.1-rc4).
No conflicts, or adjacent changes.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net
Pull networking fixes from Paolo Abeni:
"Including fixes from netfilter.
Previous releases - regressions:
- ethtool: fix NULL pointer dereference in phy_reply_size
- netfilter:
- allocate hook ops while under mutex
- close dangling table module init race
- restore nf_conntrack helper propagation via expectation
- tcp:
- fix potential UAF in reqsk_timer_handler().
- fix out-of-bounds access for twsk in tcp_ao_established_key().
- vsock: fix empty payload in tap skb for non-linear buffers
- hsr: fix NULL pointer dereference in hsr_get_node_data()
- eth:
- cortina: fix RX drop accounting
- ice: fix locking in ice_dcb_rebuild()
Previous releases - always broken:
- napi: avoid gro timer misfiring at end of busypoll
- sched:
- dualpi2: initialize timer earlier in dualpi2_init()
- sch_cbs: Call qdisc_reset for child qdisc
- shaper:
- fix ordering issue in net_shaper_commit()
- reject handle IDs exceeding internal bit-width
- ipv6: flowlabel: enforce per-netns limit for unprivileged callers
- tls: fix off-by-one in sg_chain entry count for wrapped sk_msg ring
- smc: avoid NULL deref of conn->lnk in smc_msg_event tracepoint
- sctp: revalidate list cursor after sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc() in SCTP_SENDALL
- batman-adv:
- reject new tp_meter sessions during teardown
- purge non-released claims
- eth:
- i40e: cleanup PTP registration on probe failure
- idpf: fix double free and use-after-free in aux device error paths
- ena: fix potential use-after-free in get_timestamp"
* tag 'net-7.1-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net: (88 commits)
net: phy: DP83TC811: add reading of abilities
net: tls: prevent chain-after-chain in plain text SG
net: tls: fix off-by-one in sg_chain entry count for wrapped sk_msg ring
net/smc: reject CHID-0 ACCEPT that matches an empty ism_dev slot
macsec: use rcu_work to defer TX SA crypto cleanup out of softirq
macsec: use rcu_work to defer RX SA crypto cleanup out of softirq
macsec: introduce dedicated workqueue for SA crypto cleanup
net: net_failover: Fix the deadlock in slave register
MAINTAINERS: update atlantic driver maintainer
selftests/tc-testing: Add QFQ/CBS qlen underflow test
net/sched: sch_cbs: Call qdisc_reset for child qdisc
FDDI: defza: Sanitise the reset safety timer
net: ethernet: ravb: Do not check URAM suspension when WoL is active
ethtool: fix ethnl_bitmap32_not_zero() bit interval semantics
net/smc: avoid NULL deref of conn->lnk in smc_msg_event tracepoint
net/smc: fix sleep-inside-lock in __smc_setsockopt() causing local DoS
net: atm: fix skb leak in sigd_send() default branch
net: ethtool: phy: avoid NULL deref when PHY driver is unbound
net: atlantic: preserve PCI wake-from-D3 on shutdown when WOL enabled
net: shaper: reject QUEUE scope handle with missing id
...
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The 'dumpability' of a task is fundamentally about the memory image of
the task - the concept comes from whether it can core dump or not - and
makes no sense when you don't have an associated mm.
And almost all users do in fact use it only for the case where the task
has a mm pointer.
But we have one odd special case: ptrace_may_access() uses 'dumpable' to
check various other things entirely independently of the MM (typically
explicitly using flags like PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS). Including for
threads that no longer have a VM (and maybe never did, like most kernel
threads).
It's not what this flag was designed for, but it is what it is.
The ptrace code does check that the uid/gid matches, so you do have to
be uid-0 to see kernel thread details, but this means that the
traditional "drop capabilities" model doesn't make any difference for
this all.
Make it all make a *bit* more sense by saying that if you don't have a
MM pointer, we'll use a cached "last dumpability" flag if the thread
ever had a MM (it will be zero for kernel threads since it is never
set), and require a proper CAP_SYS_PTRACE capability to override.
Reported-by: Qualys Security Advisory <qsa@qualys.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Track huge page references in a per-ring xarray to prevent double
accounting when the same huge page is used by multiple registered
buffers, either within the same ring or across cloned rings.
When registering buffers backed by huge pages, we need to account for
RLIMIT_MEMLOCK. But if multiple buffers share the same huge page (common
with cloned buffers), we must not account for the same page multiple
times. Similarly, we must only unaccount when the last reference to a
huge page is released.
Maintain a per-ring xarray (hpage_acct) that tracks reference counts for
each huge page. When registering a buffer, for each unique huge page,
increment its accounting reference count, and only account pages that
are newly added.
When unregistering a buffer, for each unique huge page, decrement its
refcount. Once the refcount hits zero, the page is unaccounted.
Note: any account is done against the ctx->user that was assigned when
the ring was setup. As before, if root is running the operation, no
accounting is done.
With these changes, any use of imu->acct_pages is also dead, hence kill
it from struct io_mapped_ubuf. This shrinks it from 56b to 48b on a
64-bit arch. Additionally, hpage_already_acct() is gone, which was an
O(M*M) scan over current + previous registrations.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Signed-off-by: Gitle Mikkelsen <gitlem@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260501170616.1402-1-gitlem@gmail.com
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Add internal flags for the neigh_forward_grat feature:
- BR_NEIGH_FORWARD_GRAT: Port-level flag
- BR_VLFLAG_NEIGH_FORWARD_GRAT_ENABLED: Per-VLAN flag
These will be used to control whether gratuitous ARP and unsolicited NA
packets are forwarded when neighbor suppression is enabled.
Reviewed-by: Petr Machata <petrm@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Danielle Ratson <danieller@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: Nikolay Aleksandrov <razor@blackwall.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260511065936.4173106-3-danieller@nvidia.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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The mm-api kernel-docs have been disconnected from their symbols. While
the scripts were previously taught to handle the _noprof suffix added by
allocation tagging (in 51a7bf0238c2 "scripts/kernel-doc: drop "_noprof"
on function prototypes"), this does not handle cases where the internal
implementation function has an additional leading underscore. The added
optional parameters (via DECL_KMALLOC_PARAMS) further complicate parsing
the internal signatures.
When the kernel-doc block remains above the internal implementation
function but uses the public API name, the documentation generator fails
to associate the documented symbol.
Simply moving the docs to the macros in slab.h fixes the association but
causes loss of types in the generated documentation (rendering as e.g.
untyped 'kmalloc(size, flags)' macro).
Fix this by:
1. Moving the kernel-doc comment blocks from slub.c to slab.h, placing
them directly above the user-facing macros.
2. Providing explicit, typed C prototypes for the documented APIs inside
'#if 0 /* kernel-doc */' blocks.
3. Converting the variadic macros for the documented APIs to use
explicit arguments to match the documentation.
No functional change intended.
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260511200136.3201646-3-elver@google.com
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org>
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When using CONFIG_KMALLOC_PARTITION_RANDOM, _RET_IP_ was previously used
to identify the allocation site. _RET_IP_, however, evaluates to the
caller's parent's instruction pointer rather than the actual allocation
site; this would lead to collisions where a function performs multiple
allocations.
With the generalization to kmalloc_token_t, we now generate the token at
the outermost macro, and using _THIS_IP_ would fix this for all cases.
Unfortunately, the generic implementation of _THIS_IP_ relies on taking
the address of a local label, which is considered broken by both GCC [1]
and Clang [2] because label addresses are only expected to be used with
computed gotos. While the generic version more or less works today, it
is known to be brittle. For example, Clang -O2 always returns 1 when
this function is inlined:
static inline unsigned long get_ip(void)
{ return ({ __label__ __here; __here: (unsigned long)&&__here; }); }
To provide a reliable unique identifier without breaking architectures
relying on the generic _THIS_IP_, introduce _CODE_LOCATION_: it resolves
to _THIS_IP_ where architectures provide a safe implementation, and
falls back to a zero-cost static marker where _THIS_IP_ is broken.
Link: https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=120071 [1]
Link: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/138272 [2]
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo (Oracle) <harry@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260511200136.3201646-2-elver@google.com
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org>
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Rework the general infrastructure around RANDOM_KMALLOC_CACHES into more
flexible KMALLOC_PARTITION_CACHES, with the former being a partitioning
mode of the latter.
Introduce a new mode, KMALLOC_PARTITION_TYPED, which leverages a feature
available in Clang 22 and later, called "allocation tokens" via
__builtin_infer_alloc_token() [1]. Unlike KMALLOC_PARTITION_RANDOM
(formerly RANDOM_KMALLOC_CACHES), this mode deterministically assigns a
slab cache to an allocation of type T, regardless of allocation site.
The builtin __builtin_infer_alloc_token(<malloc-args>, ...) instructs
the compiler to infer an allocation type from arguments commonly passed
to memory-allocating functions and returns a type-derived token ID. The
implementation passes kmalloc-args to the builtin: the compiler performs
best-effort type inference, and then recognizes common patterns such as
`kmalloc(sizeof(T), ...)`, `kmalloc(sizeof(T) * n, ...)`, but also
`(T *)kmalloc(...)`. Where the compiler fails to infer a type the
fallback token (default: 0) is chosen.
Note: kmalloc_obj(..) APIs fix the pattern how size and result type are
expressed, and therefore ensures there's not much drift in which
patterns the compiler needs to recognize. Specifically, kmalloc_obj()
and friends expand to `(TYPE *)KMALLOC(__obj_size, GFP)`, which the
compiler recognizes via the cast to TYPE*.
Clang's default token ID calculation is described as [1]:
typehashpointersplit: This mode assigns a token ID based on the hash
of the allocated type's name, where the top half ID-space is reserved
for types that contain pointers and the bottom half for types that do
not contain pointers.
Separating pointer-containing objects from pointerless objects and data
allocations can help mitigate certain classes of memory corruption
exploits [2]: attackers who gains a buffer overflow on a primitive
buffer cannot use it to directly corrupt pointers or other critical
metadata in an object residing in a different, isolated heap region.
It is important to note that heap isolation strategies offer a
best-effort approach, and do not provide a 100% security guarantee,
albeit achievable at relatively low performance cost. Note that this
also does not prevent cross-cache attacks: while waiting for future
features like SLAB_VIRTUAL [3] to provide physical page isolation, this
feature should be deployed alongside SHUFFLE_PAGE_ALLOCATOR and
init_on_free=1 to mitigate cross-cache attacks and page-reuse attacks as
much as possible today.
With all that, my kernel (x86 defconfig) shows me a histogram of slab
cache object distribution per /proc/slabinfo (after boot):
<slab cache> <objs> <hist>
kmalloc-part-15 1465 ++++++++++++++
kmalloc-part-14 2988 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
kmalloc-part-13 1656 ++++++++++++++++
kmalloc-part-12 1045 ++++++++++
kmalloc-part-11 1697 ++++++++++++++++
kmalloc-part-10 1489 ++++++++++++++
kmalloc-part-09 965 +++++++++
kmalloc-part-08 710 +++++++
kmalloc-part-07 100 +
kmalloc-part-06 217 ++
kmalloc-part-05 105 +
kmalloc-part-04 4047 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
kmalloc-part-03 183 +
kmalloc-part-02 283 ++
kmalloc-part-01 316 +++
kmalloc 1422 ++++++++++++++
The above /proc/slabinfo snapshot shows me there are 6673 allocated
objects (slabs 00 - 07) that the compiler claims contain no pointers or
it was unable to infer the type of, and 12015 objects that contain
pointers (slabs 08 - 15). On a whole, this looks relatively sane.
Additionally, when I compile my kernel with -Rpass=alloc-token, which
provides diagnostics where (after dead-code elimination) type inference
failed, I see 186 allocation sites where the compiler failed to identify
a type (down from 966 when I sent the RFC [4]). Some initial review
confirms these are mostly variable sized buffers, but also include
structs with trailing flexible length arrays.
Link: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AllocToken.html [1]
Link: https://blog.dfsec.com/ios/2025/05/30/blasting-past-ios-18/ [2]
Link: https://lwn.net/Articles/944647/ [3]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250825154505.1558444-1-elver@google.com/ [4]
Link: https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-a-framework-for-allocator-partitioning-hints/87434
Acked-by: GONG Ruiqi <gongruiqi1@huawei.com>
Co-developed-by: Harry Yoo (Oracle) <harry@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Harry Yoo (Oracle) <harry@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo (Oracle) <harry@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260511200136.3201646-1-elver@google.com
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org>
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We've hit the 512 bytes limit on stack depth a few times in Cilium
recently. As a result, we started reporting in CI our current maximum
stack depth across all configurations for each BPF program.
Unfortunately, that is not trivial to compute in userspace. The
verifier reports the stack depths of individual subprogs at the end of
the logs. However the maximum combined stack depth also depends on the
callgraph of those subprogs (the max combined stack depth is the height
of the callgraph weighted by per-subprog stack depths). We can compute
a callgraph in userspace from the loaded instructions, but it often
doesn't match the verifier's own callgraph because of dead code
elimination. Our current approach relies on dumping the BPF_LOG_LEVEL2
logs, but this feels overkill considering the verifier already has the
information we need.
The patch lets the verifier dump the maximum combined stack depth in
the logs, on the same line as the per-subprog stack depths:
stack depth 16+256 max 272
The per-subprog stack depths and the new max stack depth are not
directly comparable. The former is sometimes updated during fixups,
while the latter is not. As a result, even with a single subprog, we
may end up with two slightly different values. The aim of the new max
value is to be closest to what is actually enforced by the verifier.
Signed-off-by: Paul Chaignon <paul.chaignon@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/d3d23a0410f87f116f3bbaa98a815dbae113bda2.1778700777.git.paul.chaignon@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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find_skb() is the netconsole-specific entry into the netpoll skb
pool: every other netpoll consumer (bonding, team, vlan, bridge,
macvlan, dsa) builds its own sk_buff and never touches the pool.
With netpoll_send_udp() (its only caller) now living in netconsole,
find_skb() can join it.
Move find_skb() into drivers/net/netconsole.c as a file-static
helper, drop EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(find_skb) and remove its prototype
from include/linux/netpoll.h. find_skb() drains TX completions via
netpoll_zap_completion_queue(), which is already exported in the
NETDEV_INTERNAL namespace, so netconsole picks up
MODULE_IMPORT_NS("NETDEV_INTERNAL") to consume it.
The skb pool's lifecycle (np->skb_pool, np->refill_wq, refill_skbs(),
refill_skbs_work_handler(), skb_pool_flush()) stays in netpoll: it
is initialised in __netpoll_setup() and torn down in
__netpoll_cleanup(), both of which remain netpoll's responsibility.
The refill work queued via schedule_work(&np->refill_wq) from the
moved find_skb() runs refill_skbs_work_handler() in netpoll without
any further plumbing.
This is pure code motion: the function body is unchanged and its
sole caller (netpoll_send_udp(), already moved by an earlier patch)
keeps invoking it the same way. Pre-existing concerns about
find_skb() running from NMI/printk context (zap_completion_queue()
re-entry, skb_pool spinlocks, GFP_ATOMIC allocation, fallback skb
sizing vs. MAX_SKB_SIZE, PREEMPT_RT semantics of __kfree_skb()) are
inherited as-is and are not addressed here; they predate this
series and are out of scope. Fixing them is left for follow-up
work.
Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260512-netconsole_split-v2-9-1191d14ad66d@debian.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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zap_completion_queue() drains the per-CPU softnet completion queue.
Rename it with the netpoll_ prefix shared by the rest of the
subsystem's public API, and promote it from file-static to
EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL in the NETDEV_INTERNAL namespace so the upcoming
netconsole-side find_skb() can call it once the function moves out.
A forward declaration is added to include/linux/netpoll.h, and the
old file-static forward declaration is dropped.
No functional change.
Suggested-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260512-netconsole_split-v2-8-1191d14ad66d@debian.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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netpoll_udp_checksum() computes the UDP checksum for netconsole's
packets. Move it into drivers/net/netconsole.c as a file-static
helper; drop its EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL and remove the prototype from
include/linux/netpoll.h.
This was the last csum_ipv6_magic() consumer in net/core/netpoll.c,
so drop the now-stale <net/ip6_checksum.h> include there. Pull it
into netconsole.c so the moved code keeps building.
It was also the last udp_hdr() consumer in net/core/netpoll.c. The
file no longer needs anything from <net/udp.h> (the UDP socket-layer
helpers); MAX_SKB_SIZE only needs struct udphdr, which is provided
by the lighter <linux/udp.h>. Swap the include accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260512-netconsole_split-v2-7-1191d14ad66d@debian.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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push_udp() builds the UDP header (and triggers the checksum) for
netconsole's UDP packets. Move it into drivers/net/netconsole.c as
a file-static helper; drop its EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL and remove the
prototype from include/linux/netpoll.h.
Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260512-netconsole_split-v2-6-1191d14ad66d@debian.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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push_eth() builds the Ethernet header for netconsole's UDP packets.
Move it into drivers/net/netconsole.c as a file-static helper; drop
its EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL and remove the prototype from
include/linux/netpoll.h.
Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260512-netconsole_split-v2-5-1191d14ad66d@debian.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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push_ipv4() builds the IPv4 header for netconsole's UDP packets.
Move it into drivers/net/netconsole.c as a file-static helper; drop
its EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL and remove the prototype from
include/linux/netpoll.h.
put_unaligned() is no longer used in net/core/netpoll.c, so drop
the now-stale <linux/unaligned.h> include from there. Pull it into
netconsole.c so the moved code keeps building.
Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260512-netconsole_split-v2-4-1191d14ad66d@debian.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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push_ipv6() builds the IPv6 header for netconsole's UDP packets.
Its only caller, netpoll_send_udp(), now lives in netconsole, so
the helper can move there as a file-static function. Drop its
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL and remove the prototype from
include/linux/netpoll.h.
Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260512-netconsole_split-v2-3-1191d14ad66d@debian.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Move netpoll_send_udp() from net/core/netpoll.c into
drivers/net/netconsole.c as a static helper, drop EXPORT_SYMBOL(),
and remove the prototype from include/linux/netpoll.h.
netconsole was the only in-tree caller of this entry point. Every
other netpoll consumer (bonding, team, vlan, bridge, macvlan, dsa)
already builds its own sk_buff and hands it to netpoll_send_skb(),
so the netpoll send-side interface is now skb-only.
The helpers it depends on (find_skb(), push_ipv6(), push_ipv4(),
push_udp(), push_eth(), netpoll_udp_checksum()) were exposed in
the previous patches and stay in net/core/netpoll.c for now.
Subsequent patches move each of them into netconsole one at a time
and drop the corresponding EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL.
Pull <linux/ip.h>, <linux/ipv6.h> and <linux/udp.h> into netconsole.c
so the moved code can name the header structures.
Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260512-netconsole_split-v2-2-1191d14ad66d@debian.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Promote each from file-static to EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL and forward-
declare them in include/linux/netpoll.h so netconsole can call
them once netpoll_send_udp() moves out.
These exports are kept until the end of the series, when
al of them move into netconsole.
No functional change.
Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260512-netconsole_split-v2-1-1191d14ad66d@debian.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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This patch moves the check for available free space for a new entry into
a separate function. Existing callers that only check for a non-zero
return value are unaffected; __ptr_ring_produce() now returns -EINVAL
for a zero-size ring and -ENOSPC when full, whereas before both cases
returned -ENOSPC. The new helper allows callers to determine in advance
whether subsequent __ptr_ring_produce() calls will succeed. This
information can, for example, be used to temporarily stop producing until
__ptr_ring_check_produce() indicates that space is available again.
Co-developed-by: Tim Gebauer <tim.gebauer@tu-dortmund.de>
Signed-off-by: Tim Gebauer <tim.gebauer@tu-dortmund.de>
Signed-off-by: Simon Schippers <simon.schippers@tu-dortmund.de>
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260510151529.43895-4-simon.schippers@tu-dortmund.de
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Add tun_wake_queue() to tun.c and export it for use by vhost-net. The
function validates that the file belongs to a tun/tap device and that
the tfile exists, dereferences the tun_struct under RCU, and delegates
to __tun_wake_queue().
vhost_net_buf_produce() now calls tun_wake_queue() after a successful
batched consume of the ring to allow the netdev subqueue to be woken up.
The point is to allow the queue to be stopped when it gets full, which
is required for traffic shaping - implemented by the following
"avoid ptr_ring tail-drop when a qdisc is present".
Without the corresponding queue stopping, this patch alone causes no
throughput regression for a tap+vhost-net setup sending to a qemu VM:
3.857 Mpps to 3.891 Mpps.
Details: AMD Ryzen 5 5600X at 4.3 GHz, 3200 MHz RAM, isolated QEMU
threads, XDP drop program active in VM, pktgen sender; Avg over
50 runs @ 100,000,000 packets. SRSO and spectre v2 mitigations disabled.
Co-developed-by: Tim Gebauer <tim.gebauer@tu-dortmund.de>
Signed-off-by: Tim Gebauer <tim.gebauer@tu-dortmund.de>
Signed-off-by: Simon Schippers <simon.schippers@tu-dortmund.de>
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260510151529.43895-3-simon.schippers@tu-dortmund.de
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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init_on_free
__GFP_ZEROTAGS semantics are currently a bit weird, but effectively this
flag is only ever set alongside __GFP_ZERO and __GFP_SKIP_KASAN.
If we run with init_on_free, we will zero out pages during
__free_pages_prepare(), to skip zeroing on the allocation path.
However, when allocating with __GFP_ZEROTAG set, post_alloc_hook() will
consequently not only skip clearing page content, but also skip clearing
tag memory.
Not clearing tags through __GFP_ZEROTAGS is irrelevant for most pages that
will get mapped to user space through set_pte_at() later: set_pte_at() and
friends will detect that the tags have not been initialized yet
(PG_mte_tagged not set), and initialize them.
However, for the huge zero folio, which will be mapped through a PMD
marked as special, this initialization will not be performed, ending up
exposing whatever tags were still set for the pages.
The docs (Documentation/arch/arm64/memory-tagging-extension.rst) state
that allocation tags are set to 0 when a page is first mapped to user
space. That no longer holds with the huge zero folio when init_on_free is
enabled.
Fix it by decoupling __GFP_ZEROTAGS from __GFP_ZERO, passing to
tag_clear_highpages() whether we want to also clear page content.
Invert the meaning of the tag_clear_highpages() return value to have
clearer semantics.
Reproduced with the huge zero folio by modifying the check_buffer_fill
arm64/mte selftest to use a 2 MiB area, after making sure that pages have
a non-0 tag set when freeing (note that, during boot, we will not actually
initialize tags, but only set KASAN_TAG_KERNEL in the page flags).
$ ./check_buffer_fill
1..20
...
not ok 17 Check initial tags with private mapping, sync error mode and mmap memory
not ok 18 Check initial tags with private mapping, sync error mode and mmap/mprotect memory
...
This code needs more cleanups; we'll tackle that next, like
decoupling __GFP_ZEROTAGS from __GFP_SKIP_KASAN.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/__GPF_ZERO/__GFP_ZERO/, per David]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260421-zerotags-v2-1-05cb1035482e@kernel.org
Fixes: adfb6609c680 ("mm/huge_memory: initialise the tags of the huge zero folio")
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Tested-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev>
Cc: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com>
Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Liam Howlett <liam@infradead.org>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Currently, VMBus code initiates a VMBus unload in the panic path so
that if a kdump kernel is loaded, it can start fresh in setting up its
own VMBus connection. However, a driver for the VMBus virtual frame
buffer may need to flush dirty portions of the frame buffer back to
the Hyper-V host so that panic information is visible in the graphics
console. To support such flushing, provide exported functions for the
frame buffer driver to specify that the VMBus unload should not be
done by the VMBus driver, and to initiate the VMBus unload itself.
Together these allow a frame buffer driver to delay the VMBus unload
until after it has completed the flush.
Ideally, the VMBus driver could use its own panic-path callback to do
the unload after all frame buffer drivers have finished. But DRM frame
buffer drivers use the kmsg dump callback, and there are no callbacks
after that in the panic path. Hence this somewhat messy approach to
properly sequencing the frame buffer flush and the VMBus unload.
Fixes: 3671f3777758 ("drm/hyperv: Add support for drm_panic")
Signed-off-by: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@outlook.com>
Reviewed-by: Long Li <longli@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org>
|
|
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/sched_ext
Pull sched_ext fixes from Tejun Heo:
"The bulk of this is hardening of the new sub-scheduler infrastructure.
- UAFs and lifecycle bugs on the sub-sched attach/detach paths:
parent sub_kset freed under a racing child, list_del_rcu on an
uninitialized list head, ops->priv stomped by concurrent
attach/detach, and a UAF in the init-failure error path
- Task state-machine reorg closing concurrent enable-vs-dead races: a
task exiting during the unlocked init window could trip NULL ops
derefs or skip exit_task() cleanup
- A scx_link_sched() self-deadlock on scx_sched_lock
- isolcpus: stop dereferencing the now-RCU-protected HK_TYPE_DOMAIN
cpumask without RCU, and stop rejecting BPF schedulers when only
cpuset isolated partitions are active
- PREEMPT_RT: disable irq_work runs in hardirq context so dumps show
the failing task rather than the irq_work kthread
- Assorted !CONFIG_EXT_SUB_SCHED, randconfig, and selftest build
fixes"
* tag 'sched_ext-for-7.1-rc3-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/sched_ext:
sched_ext: Use HK_TYPE_DOMAIN_BOOT to detect isolcpus= domain isolation
sched_ext: Defer sub_kset base put to scx_sched_free_rcu_work
sched_ext: INIT_LIST_HEAD() &sch->all in scx_alloc_and_add_sched()
sched_ext: Drop NONE early return in scx_disable_and_exit_task()
sched_ext: Avoid UAF in scx_root_enable_workfn() init failure path
sched_ext: Clear ops->priv on scx_alloc_and_add_sched() error paths
sched_ext: Fix ops->priv clobber on concurrent attach/detach
selftests/sched_ext: Fix build error in dequeue selftest
sched_ext: Handle SCX_TASK_NONE in disable/switched_from paths
sched_ext: Close sub-sched init race with post-init DEAD recheck
sched_ext: Close root-enable vs sched_ext_dead() race with SCX_TASK_INIT_BEGIN
sched_ext: Replace SCX_TASK_OFF_TASKS flag with SCX_TASK_DEAD state
sched_ext: Inline scx_init_task() and move RESET_RUNNABLE_AT into scx_set_task_state()
sched_ext: Cleanups in preparation for the SCX_TASK_INIT_BEGIN/DEAD work
sched_ext: Use IRQ_WORK_INIT_HARD() to initialize sch->disable_irq_work
sched_ext: Fix !CONFIG_EXT_SUB_SCHED build warnings
sched_ext: Drop unused scx_find_sub_sched() stub
sched_ext: Move scx_error() out of scx_link_sched()'s lock region
|
|
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup
Pull cgroup fixes from Tejun Heo:
- cpuset fixes:
- Partition invalidation could return CPUs still in use by sibling
partitions, producing overlapping effective_cpus
- cpuset_can_attach() over-reserved DL bandwidth on moves that
stayed within the same root domain
- Pending DL migration state leaked into later attaches when a
later can_attach() check failed
- Reorder PF_EXITING and __GFP_HARDWALL checks so dying tasks can
allocate from any node and exit quickly
- dmem: propagate -ENOMEM instead of spinning forever when the fallback
pool allocation also fails
- selftests/cgroup: percpu test error-path leak, bogus numeric
comparison of cpuset strings, and a zero-length read() that silently
passed OOM-kill tests
* tag 'cgroup-for-7.1-rc3-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup:
cgroup/cpuset: Return only actually allocated CPUs during partition invalidation
selftests/cgroup: Fix error path leaks in test_percpu_basic
cgroup/cpuset: Reserve DL bandwidth only for root-domain moves
cgroup/cpuset: Reset DL migration state on can_attach() failure
selftests/cgroup: Fix string comparison in write_test
selftests/cgroup: Fix cg_read_strcmp() empty string comparison
cgroup/dmem: Return -ENOMEM on failed pool preallocation
cgroup/cpuset: move PF_EXITING check before __GFP_HARDWALL in cpuset_current_node_allowed()
|
|
VFIO_PCI_OFFSET_TO_INDEX() is used in several places with a signed
parameter (e.g. loff_t). Because it makes no sense for a BAR/resource
index to be negative, enforce this in the macro.
This fixes at least one current issue, where vfio_pci_ioeventfd() uses
this macro with an unvalidated signed loff_t returned into a signed
type, leading to a possible negative array access. This instance does
test against an out-of-bounds positive value, so treating the index as
unsigned fixes this issue.
Fixes: 89e1f7d4c66d8 ("vfio: Add PCI device driver")
Signed-off-by: Matt Evans <mattev@meta.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260511144642.2926799-1-mattev@meta.com
Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex@shazbot.org>
|
|
When bouncing for block size > PAGE_SIZE file systems that require
file system block size alignment (e.g. zoned XFS), the bio needs to
be big enough to fit an entire block.
Fixes: 8dd5e7c75d7b ("block: add helpers to bounce buffer an iov_iter into bios")
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260507050153.1298375-2-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
|
|
Instead of passing NULL as the last argument to __hwmon_device_register()
in hwmon_device_register_for_thermal() and then adding each temperature
sysfs attribute to the hwmon device via device_create_file(), redefine
hwmon_device_register_for_thermal() to take an extra_groups argument
that will be passed to __hwmon_device_register(), define an attribute
group with a proper .is_visible() callback for the temperature
attributes and a related attribute groups pointer, and pass the latter
to hwmon_device_register_for_thermal().
This causes the code to be way more straightforward and closer to
what the other users of the hwmon subsystem do.
No intentional functional impact.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/8704209.T7Z3S40VBb@rafael.j.wysocki
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
|
|
Pull kvm fixes from Paolo Bonzini:
"arm64:
- Add the pKVM side of the workaround for ARM's erratum 4193714,
provided that the EL3 firmware does its part of the job. KVM will
refuse to initialise otherwise
- Correctly handle 52bit VAs for guest EL2 stage-1 translations when
running under NV with E2H==0
- Correctly deal with permission faults in guest_memfd memslots
- Fix the steal-time selftest after the infrastructure was reworked
- Make sure the host cannot pass a non-sensical clock update to the
EL2 tracing infrastructure
- Appoint Steffen Eiden as a reviewer in anticipation of the KVM/s390
ability to run arm64 guests, which will inevitably lead to arm64
code being directly used on s390
- Make sure that EL2 is configured with both exception entry and exit
being Context Synchronization Events
- Handle the current vcpu being NULL on EL2 panic
- Fix the selftest_vcpu memcache being empty at the point of donation
or sharing
- Check that the memcache has enough capacity before engaging on the
share/donate path
- Fix __deactivate_fgt() to use its parameter rather than a variable
in the macro context
s390:
- Fix array overrun with large amounts of PCI devices
x86:
- Never use L0's PAUSE loop exiting while L2 is running, since it's
unlikely that a nested guest will help solving the hypervisor's
spinlock contention
- Fix emulation of MOVNTDQA
- Fix typo in Xen hypercall tracepoint
- Add back an optimization that was left behind when recently fixing
a bug
- Add module parameter to disable CET, whose implementation seems to
have issues. For now it remains enabled by default
Generic:
- Reject offset causing an unsigned overflow in kvm_reset_dirty_gfn()
Documentation:
- Update stale links
Selftests:
- Fix guest_memfd_test with host page size > guest page size"
* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (22 commits)
KVM: VMX: introduce module parameter to disable CET
KVM: x86: Swap the dst and src operand for MOVNTDQA
KVM: x86: use again the flush argument of __link_shadow_page()
KVM: selftests: Ensure gmem file sizes are multiple of host page size
Documentation: kvm: update links in the references section of AMD Memory Encryption
KVM: nSVM: Never use L0's PAUSE loop exiting while L2 is running
KVM: x86: Fix Xen hypercall tracepoint argument assignment
KVM: Reject wrapped offset in kvm_reset_dirty_gfn()
KVM: arm64: Pre-check vcpu memcache for host->guest donate
KVM: arm64: Pre-check vcpu memcache for host->guest share
KVM: arm64: Seed pkvm_ownership_selftest vcpu memcache
KVM: arm64: Fix __deactivate_fgt macro parameter typo
KVM: arm64: Guard against NULL vcpu on VHE hyp panic path
KVM: arm64: Make EL2 exception entry and exit context-synchronization events
MAINTAINERS: Add Steffen as reviewer for KVM/arm64
KVM: arm64: Remove potential UB on nvhe tracing clock update
KVM: selftests: arm64: Fix steal_time test after UAPI refactoring
KVM: arm64: Handle permission faults with guest_memfd
KVM: arm64: nv: Consider the DS bit when translating TCR_EL2
KVM: arm64: Work around C1-Pro erratum 4193714 for protected guests
...
|
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kvm_vcpu_map() and kvm_vcpu_map_readonly() should take a gfn instead of
a gpa. This appears to be a result of the original kvm_vcpu_map() being
declared with the wrong function prototype in kvm_host.h, even though
it was correct in the actual implementation in kvm_main.c.
No actual harm has been done yet as all of the call sites are correctly
passing in a gfn. Plus, both gfn_t and gpa_t are typedef'd to u64 so
this change shouldn't have any functional impact.
Compile-tested on x86 and ppc, which are the current users of these
interfaces.
Fixes: e45adf665a53 ("KVM: Introduce a new guest mapping API")
Cc: KarimAllah Ahmed <karahmed@amazon.de>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Fang <peter.fang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260408001137.3290444-2-peter.fang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
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|
In some configurations, the firmware does not support all VM types. The SEV
firmware has an entry in the TCB_VERSION structure referred to as the
Security Version Number in the SEV-SNP firmware specification and referred
to as the "SPL" in SEV firmware release notes. The SEV firmware release
notes say:
On every SEV firmware release where a security mitigation has been
added, the SNP SPL gets increased by 1. This is to let users know that
it is important to update to this version.
The SEV firmware release that fixed CVE-2025-48514 by disabling SEV-ES
support on vulnerable platforms has this SVN increased to reflect the fix.
The SVN is platform-specific, as is the structure of TCB_VERSION.
Check CURRENT_TCB instead of REPORTED_TCB, since the firmware behaves with
the CURRENT_TCB SVN level and will reject SEV-ES VMs accordingly.
Parse the SVN, and mask off the SEV_ES supported VM type from the list of
supported types if it is above the per-platform threshold for the relevant
platforms.
Signed-off-by: Tycho Andersen (AMD) <tycho@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>
Tested-by: Tycho Andersen (AMD) <tycho@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260416232329.3408497-3-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
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Rename kvm_mmu_invalidate_begin() to kvm_mmu_invalidate_start() to
align with mmu_notifier_ops.invalidate_range_start(), which is the
callback that ultimately drives KVM's MMU invalidation.
While the naming within KVM itself is a close split between "_begin" and
"_start":
$ git grep -E "invalidate(_range)?_begin" **/kvm* | wc -l
12
$ git grep -E "invalidate(_range)?_start" **/kvm* | wc -l
21
All two of the begin() uses are in KVM:
$ git grep -E "invalidate(_range)?_begin" * | wc -l
14
And those two holdouts are bugs in invalidate_range_start()'s comment,
i.e. will also be fixed sooner or later[*]. On the other hand, use of
_start() is pervasive throughout the kernel:
$ git grep -E "invalidate(_range)?_start" * | wc -l
117
Even if that weren't the case, conforming to the mmu_notifier_ops naming
is the right call since invalidate_range_start() is the external API that
KVM hooks into.
No functional change intended.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260513163546.1176742-1-seanjc@google.com [*]
Signed-off-by: Takahiro Itazuri <itazur@amazon.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260420154720.29012-4-itazur@amazon.com
[sean: massage changelog to provide more (accurate) numbers]
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
|
|
Capitalize occurrences of the acronym "LLCC" and "EDAC" in comments
and diagnostic text to improve consistency and readability.
Signed-off-by: Francisco Munoz Ruiz <francisco.ruiz@oss.qualcomm.com>
Reviewed-by: Konrad Dybcio <konrad.dybcio@oss.qualcomm.com>
Reviewed-by: Mukesh Ojha <mukesh.ojha@oss.qualcomm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260407-external_llcc_changes2set-v2-3-b5017ce2020b@oss.qualcomm.com
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson <andersson@kernel.org>
|
|
Retrieve System Cache Table (SCT) descriptors from a shared memory
region populated by firmware.
SCT initialization and programming are performed entirely by firmware
outside of Linux. The LLCC driver only consumes the pre-initialized
descriptor data and does not configure SCT itself.
Support this mechanism for future SoCs that provide SCT programming
via firmware.
Signed-off-by: Francisco Munoz Ruiz <francisco.ruiz@oss.qualcomm.com>
Reviewed-by: Konrad Dybcio <konrad.dybcio@oss.qualcomm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260407-external_llcc_changes2set-v2-2-b5017ce2020b@oss.qualcomm.com
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson <andersson@kernel.org>
|
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Add x86_64 JIT support for BPF functions and kfuncs with more than
5 arguments. The extra arguments are passed through a stack area
addressed by register r11 (BPF_REG_PARAMS) in BPF bytecode,
which the JIT translates to native code.
The JIT follows the x86-64 calling convention for both BPF-to-BPF
and kfunc calls:
- Arg 6 is passed in the R9 register
- Args 7+ are passed on the stack
Incoming arg 6 (BPF r11+8) is translated to a MOV from R9 rather
than a memory load. Incoming args 7+ (BPF r11+16, r11+24, ...) map
directly to [rbp + 16], [rbp + 24], ..., matching the x86-64 stack
layout after CALL + PUSH RBP, so no offset adjustment is needed.
tail_call_reachable is rejected by the verifier and priv_stack is
disabled by the JIT when stack args exist, so R9 is always
available. When BPF bytecode writes to the arg-6 stack slot
(offset -8), the JIT emits a MOV into R9 instead of a memory store.
Outgoing args 7+ are placed at [rsp] in a pre-allocated area below
callee-saved registers, using:
native_off = outgoing_arg_base - outgoing_rsp - bpf_off - 16
The native x86_64 stack layout with stack arguments:
high address
+-------------------------+
| incoming stack arg N | [rbp + 16 + (N-7)*8] (from caller)
| ... |
| incoming stack arg 7 | [rbp + 16]
+-------------------------+
| return address | [rbp + 8]
| saved rbp | [rbp]
+-------------------------+
| BPF program stack | (round_up(stack_depth, 8) bytes)
+-------------------------+
| callee-saved regs | (r12, rbx, r13, r14, r15 as needed)
+-------------------------+
| outgoing arg M | [rsp + (M-7)*8]
| ... |
| outgoing arg 7 | [rsp]
+-------------------------+ rsp
low address
Acked-by: Puranjay Mohan <puranjay@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260513045122.2393118-1-yonghong.song@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
|
|
Add bpf_jit_supports_stack_args() as a weak function defaulting to
false. Architectures that implement JIT support for stack arguments
override it to return true.
Reject BPF functions with more than 5 parameters at verification
time if the architecture does not support stack arguments.
Acked-by: Puranjay Mohan <puranjay@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260513045054.2390945-1-yonghong.song@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
|
|
Extend the precision marking and backtracking infrastructure to
support stack argument slots (r11-based accesses). Without this,
precision demands for scalar values passed through stack arguments
are silently dropped, which could allow the verifier to incorrectly
prune states with different constant values in stack arg slots.
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260513045025.2387526-1-yonghong.song@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
|
|
Move stack slot index (spi) and frame number out of the flags field
in bpf_jmp_history_entry into dedicated bitfields. This simplifies
the encoding and makes room for new flags.
Previously, spi and frame were packed into the lower 9 bits of the
12-bit flags field (3 bits frame + 6 bits spi), with INSN_F_STACK_ACCESS
at BIT(9) and INSN_F_DST/SRC_REG_STACK at BIT(10)/BIT(11).
But this has no room for an INSN_F_* flag for stack arguments.
To resolve this issue, bpf_jmp_history_entry field idx is narrowed to
20 bits (sufficient for insn indices up to 1M), and the freed bits hold
spi (6 bits) and frame (3 bits) as dedicated struct fields. The flags
enum is simplified accordingly:
INSN_F_STACK_ACCESS -> BIT(0)
INSN_F_DST_REG_STACK -> BIT(1)
INSN_F_SRC_REG_STACK -> BIT(2)
which allows more room for additional INSN_F_* flags.
bpf_push_jmp_history() now takes explicit spi and frame parameters
instead of encoding them into flags. The insn_stack_access_flags(),
insn_stack_access_spi(), and insn_stack_access_frameno() helpers are
removed.
No functional change.
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260513045020.2385962-1-yonghong.song@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
|
|
Currently BPF functions (subprogs) are limited to 5 register arguments.
With [1], the compiler can emit code that passes additional arguments
via a dedicated stack area through bpf register BPF_REG_PARAMS (r11),
introduced in an earlier patch ([2]).
The compiler uses positive r11 offsets for incoming (callee-side) args
and negative r11 offsets for outgoing (caller-side) args, following the
x86_64/arm64 calling convention direction. There is an 8-byte gap at
offset 0 separating two regions:
Incoming (callee reads): r11+8 (arg6), r11+16 (arg7), ...
Outgoing (caller writes): r11-8 (arg6), r11-16 (arg7), ...
The following is an example to show how stack arguments are saved
and transferred between caller and callee:
int foo(int a1, int a2, int a3, int a4, int a5, int a6, int a7) {
...
bar(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8);
...
}
Caller (foo) Callee (bar)
============ ============
Incoming (positive offsets): Incoming (positive offsets):
r11+8: [incoming arg 6] r11+8: [incoming arg 6] <-+
r11+16: [incoming arg 7] r11+16: [incoming arg 7] <-|+
r11+24: [incoming arg 8] <-||+
Outgoing (negative offsets): |||
r11-8: [outgoing arg 6 to bar] -------->-------------------------+||
r11-16: [outgoing arg 7 to bar] -------->--------------------------+|
r11-24: [outgoing arg 8 to bar] -------->---------------------------+
If the bpf function has more than one call:
int foo(int a1, int a2, int a3, int a4, int a5, int a6, int a7) {
...
bar1(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8);
...
bar2(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9);
...
}
Caller (foo) Callee (bar2)
============ ==============
Incoming (positive offsets): Incoming (positive offsets):
r11+8: [incoming arg 6] r11+8: [incoming arg 6] <+
r11+16: [incoming arg 7] r11+16: [incoming arg 7] <|+
r11+24: [incoming arg 8] <||+
Outgoing for bar2 (negative offsets): r11+32: [incoming arg 9] <|||+
r11-8: [outgoing arg 6] ---->----------->-------------------------+|||
r11-16: [outgoing arg 7] ---->----------->--------------------------+||
r11-24: [outgoing arg 8] ---->----------->---------------------------+|
r11-32: [outgoing arg 9] ---->----------->----------------------------+
The verifier tracks outgoing stack arguments in stack_arg_regs[] and
out_stack_arg_cnt in bpf_func_state, separately from the regular
r10 stack. The callee does not copy incoming args — it reads them
directly from the caller's outgoing slots at positive r11 offsets.
Similar to stacksafe(), introduce stack_arg_safe() to do pruning
check.
Outgoing stack arg slots are invalidated when the callee returns
(e.g. in prepare_func_exit), not at call time. This allows the callee to
read incoming args from the caller's outgoing slots during
verification. The following are a few examples.
Example 1:
*(u64 *)(r11 - 8) = r6;
*(u64 *)(r11 - 16) = r7;
call bar1; // arg6 = r6, arg7 = r7
call bar2; // expected with 2 stack arguments, failed
Example 2:
To fix the Example 1:
*(u64 *)(r11 - 8) = r6;
*(u64 *)(r11 - 16) = r7;
call bar1; // arg6 = r6, arg7 = r7
*(u64 *)(r11 - 8) = r8;
*(u64 *)(r11 - 16) = r9;
call bar2; // arg6 = r8, arg7 = r9
Example 3:
The compiler can hoist the shared stack arg stores above the branch:
*(u64 *)(r11 - 16) = r7;
if cond goto else;
*(u64 *)(r11 - 8) = r8;
call bar1; // arg6 = r8, arg7 = r7
goto end;
else:
*(u64 *)(r11 - 8) = r9;
call bar2; // arg6 = r9, arg7 = r7
end:
Example 4:
Within a loop:
loop:
*(u64 *)(r11 - 8) = r6; // arg6, before loop
call bar; // reuses arg6 each iteration
if ... goto loop;
A separate max_out_stack_arg_cnt field in bpf_subprog_info tracks
the deepest outgoing slot actually written. This intends to
reject programs that write to slots beyond what any callee expects.
It is necessary for JIT.
Similar to typical compiler generated code, enforce the following
orderings:
- all stack arg reads must be ahead of any stack arg write
- all stack arg reads must be before any bpf func, kfunc and helpers
This is needed as JIT may emit 'mov' insns for read/write with
the same register and bpf function, kfunc and helper will invalidate
all arguments immediately after the call.
Callback functions with stack arguments need kernel setup parameter
types (including stack parameters) properly and then callback function
can retrieve such information for verification purpose.
Global subprogs and freplace with >5 args are not yet supported.
[1] https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/189060
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260423033506.2542005-1-yonghong.song@linux.dev/
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260513045015.2385013-1-yonghong.song@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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Add three static inline helper functions — is_stack_arg_ldx(),
is_stack_arg_st(), and is_stack_arg_stx() — that identify r11-based
(BPF_REG_PARAMS) instructions used for stack argument passing. These
helpers encapsulate the detailed encoding requirements (operand size,
register, offset alignment and sign) and hide raw BPF_REG_PARAMS usage
from the verifier, making call sites more readable and explicit.
A later patch ("bpf: Enable r11 based insns") will wire these helpers
into the verifier. Until then, check_and_resolve_insns() rejects any
r11-based registers.
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260513045005.2383881-1-yonghong.song@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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Convert the bpf_get_spilled_reg() macro to a static inline function
for better type safety and readability. This also simplifies the macro
definition in preparation for upcoming stack argument support which
will introduce additional macros.
No functional change.
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260513044954.2382693-1-yonghong.song@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lee/mfd into gpio/for-next
Immutable branch between MFD and GPIO due for the v7.2 merge window
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Document the designated initializer behavior for overlapping storage
between NAME and MEMBERS, and clarify the implications for static
initialization to help avoid unintended overwrites.
Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/agD0R-kNbg9YMOCT@kspp
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
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Add both fractional-frequency-offset (PPM) and
fractional-frequency-offset-ppt (PPT) attributes to the
pin-parent-device nested attribute set, alongside the existing
top-level pin attributes. Both carry the same measurement at
different precisions.
Introduce enum dpll_ffo_type and struct dpll_ffo_param to
distinguish FFO contexts: DPLL_FFO_PORT_RXTX_RATE for the RX vs
TX symbol rate offset reported at the top level, and
DPLL_FFO_PIN_DEVICE for the pin vs parent DPLL offset reported
in the pin-parent-device nest.
Add a supported_ffo bitmask to struct dpll_pin_ops so drivers
declare which FFO types they support. The core only calls ffo_get
for types the driver has opted into, eliminating the need for
per-driver NULL pointer guards. Validate at pin registration time
that supported_ffo is not set without an ffo_get callback.
Update mlx5 (DPLL_FFO_PORT_RXTX_RATE) and zl3073x
(DPLL_FFO_PORT_RXTX_RATE) drivers to use the new API.
Add documentation for both FFO types to dpll.rst.
Changes v3 -> v4:
- Replace dpll=NULL overloading with enum dpll_ffo_type and
struct dpll_ffo_param (Jakub Kicinski)
- Add supported_ffo opt-in bitmask in dpll_pin_ops for fail-close
driver validation (Jakub Kicinski)
- Add WARN_ON in dpll_pin_register for supported_ffo without
ffo_get callback
Reviewed-by: Jiri Pirko <jiri@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Ivan Vecera <ivecera@redhat.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260511155816.99936-2-ivecera@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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sk_skb_reason_drop() does not change sock parameter, make it
const so that we can call it from TCP stack without a cast
on a (const) listener socket.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reviewed-by: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260511072310.1094859-2-edumazet@google.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org> says:
When drvdata() was introduced in commit 6f61a2637abe ("rust: device: introduce
Device::drvdata()"), its commit message already noted that a direct accessor to
the driver's bus device private data is not commonly required -- bus callbacks
provide access through &self, and other entry points (IRQs, workqueues, IOCTLs,
etc.) carry their own private data.
The sole motivation for drvdata() was inter-driver interaction, e.g. a parent
driver deriving its bus device private data from the child driver via the
auxiliary bus.
However, drvdata() exposes the driver's bus device private data beyond the
driver's own scope. This creates ordering constraints -- drvdata may not be set
yet when the first caller of drvdata() can appear -- and forces the driver's bus
device private data to outlive all registrations that access it; a requirement
that causes unnecessary complications.
Private data should be private to the entity that issues it; bus device private
data belongs to bus callbacks, class device private data to class callbacks, IRQ
private data to the IRQ handler, etc.
This series replaces drvdata() with a dedicated registration_data pointer on
struct auxiliary_device. The parent stores its private data explicitly during
registration; the data is private to the registration and lives as long as the
Registration object.
On teardown, Registration::drop() first triggers auxiliary_device_delete()
(unbinding the child), then frees the registration data. Ordering constraints
are structural -- the child's lifecycle is scoped to the registration by
construction, not by convention.
With no remaining use case for drvdata(), drvdata(), match_type_id(),
set_type_id() and struct driver_type are removed.
This is a prerequisite for [1], which builds on the removal of drvdata() to
enable Higher-Ranked Lifetime Types (HRT) for Rust device drivers.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/driver-core/20260427221155.2144848-1-dakr@kernel.org/
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260505152400.3905096-1-dakr@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
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Many BPF_MAP_CREATE validation failures currently return -EINVAL without
any explanation to userspace.
Plumb common syscall log attributes into map_create(), create a verifier
log from bpf_common_attr::log_buf/log_size/log_level, and report
map-creation failure reasons through that buffer.
This improves debuggability by allowing userspace to inspect why map
creation failed and read back log_true_size from common attributes.
Signed-off-by: Leon Hwang <leon.hwang@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260512153157.28382-7-leon.hwang@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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BPF_BTF_LOAD can now take log parameters from both union bpf_attr and
struct bpf_common_attr, with the same merge rules as BPF_PROG_LOAD:
- if both sides provide a complete log tuple (buf/size/level) and they
match, use it;
- if only one side provides log parameters, use that one;
- if both sides provide complete tuples but they differ, return -EINVAL.
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Leon Hwang <leon.hwang@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260512153157.28382-6-leon.hwang@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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BPF_PROG_LOAD can now take log parameters from both union bpf_attr and
struct bpf_common_attr. The merge rules are:
- if both sides provide a complete log tuple (buf/size/level) and they
match, use it;
- if only one side provides log parameters, use that one;
- if both sides provide complete tuples but they differ, return -EINVAL.
Signed-off-by: Leon Hwang <leon.hwang@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260512153157.28382-5-leon.hwang@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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