bpf: Attribute async callback instructions to verification roots

Asynchronous callbacks are explored as fresh frame-zero verifier states,
so normal callee-to-caller accounting cannot propagate their instruction
budget to the main or global subprogram whose verification scheduled them.

The callback exploration still happens within the same do_check_common()
invocation as that independent verification root. Record
env->insn_processed at do_check_common() entry and override the root's
inclusive count with the delta before returning. This includes all directly
and transitively scheduled asynchronous callbacks in the root's total
without maintaining a separate accounting call stack.

Static subprogram and callback totals remain local to their synchronous call
paths. Their self counts continue to account for each processed instruction
exactly once.

Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260812221925.3358041-3-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>

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