watchdog/hardlockup: improve buddy system detection timeliness

Currently, the buddy system only performs checks every 3rd sample.  With a
4-second interval.  If a check window is missed, the next check occurs 12
seconds later, potentially delaying hard lockup detection for up to 24
seconds.

Modify the buddy system to perform checks at every interval (4s). 
Introduce a missed-interrupt threshold to maintain the existing grace
period while reducing the detection window to 8-12 seconds.

Best and worst case detection scenarios:

Before (12s check window):
- Best case: Lockup occurs after first check but just before heartbeat
  interval. Detected in ~8s (8s till next check).
- Worst case: Lockup occurs just after a check.
  Detected in ~24s (missed check + 12s till next check + 12s logic).

After (4s check window with threshold of 3):
- Best case: Lockup occurs just before a check.
  Detected in ~8s (0s till 1st check + 4s till 2nd + 4s till 3rd).
- Worst case: Lockup occurs just after a check.
  Detected in ~12s (4s till 1st check + 4s till 2nd + 4s till 3rd).

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260312-hardlockup-watchdog-fixes-v2-4-45bd8a0cc7ed@google.com
Signed-off-by: Mayank Rungta <mrungta@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Douglas Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Li Huafei <lihuafei1@huawei.com>
Cc: Max Kellermann <max.kellermann@ionos.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Stephane Erainan <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Wang Jinchao <wangjinchao600@gmail.com>
Cc: Yunhui Cui <cuiyunhui@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

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