perf symbols: Fix signed overflow in sysfs__read_build_id() size check

sysfs__read_build_id() reads ELF note headers from sysfs files.  The
note's namesz and descsz fields are used to compute the skip size:

    int n = namesz + descsz;
    if (n > (int)sizeof(bf))

Both namesz and descsz are size_t from NOTE_ALIGN() of 32-bit note
header fields.  Their sum can exceed INT_MAX, overflowing the signed
int n to a negative value.  The check n > sizeof(bf) then evaluates
false (negative < positive in signed comparison), and read(fd, bf, n)
reinterprets the negative n as a huge size_t count — the kernel writes
up to MAX_RW_COUNT bytes into the 8192-byte stack buffer.

In practice the overflow is bounded by the sysfs file's actual size,
so a real sysfs notes file won't trigger it organically.  But crafted
input (e.g. via a mounted debugfs/sysfs image) could.

Fix by validating namesz and descsz individually against the buffer
size before summing, and change n to size_t to avoid the signed
overflow entirely.

Fixes: f1617b40596cb341 ("perf symbols: Record the build_ids of kernel modules too")
Reported-by: sashiko-bot <sashiko-bot@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4.6
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

1 files changed, 6 insertions, 3 deletions

diff --git a/tools/perf/util/symbol-elf.c b/tools/perf/util/symbol-elf.c
index c2bdfd0003df..8fb25a5692b5 100644
--- a/tools/perf/util/symbol-elf.c
+++ b/tools/perf/util/symbol-elf.c
@@ -964,14 +964,17 @@ int sysfs__read_build_id(const char *filename, struct build_id *bid)
 			} else if (read(fd, bf, descsz) != (ssize_t)descsz)
 				break;
 		} else {
-			int n = namesz + descsz;
+			size_t n;
 
-			if (n > (int)sizeof(bf)) {
+			/* int sum of namesz+descsz can overflow negative, bypassing size check */
+			if (namesz > sizeof(bf) || descsz > sizeof(bf) - namesz) {
 				n = sizeof(bf);
 				pr_debug("%s: truncating reading of build id in sysfs file %s: n_namesz=%u, n_descsz=%u.\n",
 					 __func__, filename, nhdr.n_namesz, nhdr.n_descsz);
+			} else {
+				n = namesz + descsz;
 			}
-			if (read(fd, bf, n) != n)
+			if (read(fd, bf, n) != (ssize_t)n)
 				break;
 		}
 	}