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8 dayslibc/stdlib: Port strtonumx() from IllumosHans Rosenfeld
Add strtonumx(), a companion to strtonum(3) that preserves its safety and error-reporting semantics while allowing the caller to specify a conversion base, similar to the strtol(3) family of functions. Reviewed by: emaste, kib, ziaee Obtained from: https://www.illumos.org/issues/15365 Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D54270
2025-12-29libc: add glibc-compatible tdestroy(3)Konstantin Belousov
The function clears the whole tree. Relnotes: yes Reviewed by: alc, emaste Discussed with: dougm Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation MFC after: 1 week Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D54365
2025-11-12lib/libc: implement C23 memalignment()Robert Clausecker
This new function computes the alignment of a pointer. It is part of ISO/IEC 9899:2024, the new C standard. If the pointer is a null pointer, null is returned. I have tried to write an implementation that can cope with traditional address-based architectures, even if size_t and uintptr_t are of different length. Adjustments may be needed for CHERI though. A man page is provided, too. No unit test for now. Reviewed by: kib, imp, ziaee (manpages), pauamma@gundo.com Approved by: markj (mentor) MFC after: 1 month Relnotes: yes Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D53673
2025-10-03lib/libc: add recallocarray()Robert Clausecker
This function from OpenBSD is a hybrid of reallocarray() and calloc(). It reallocates an array, clearing any newly allocated items. reallocarray() ultimately originates from OpenBSD. The source is taken from lib/libopenbsd, which now no longer has the function unless when bootstrapping (needed for mandoc). Reviewed by: kib Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D52863
2025-04-27libc: Add getenv_r() function.Dag-Erling Smørgrav
This is a calque of the NetBSD function of the same name. MFC after: never Relontes: yes Sponsored by: Klara, Inc. Reviewed by: kevans Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D49979
2023-11-15libc: Remove empty comments in Symbol.mapBrooks Davis
These were left over from $FreeBSD$ removal. Reviewed by: emaste Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D42612
2023-08-16Remove $FreeBSD$: one-line .h patternWarner Losh
Remove /^\s*\*+\s*\$FreeBSD\$.*$\n/
2023-04-20Revert "libc: Implement bsort(3) a bitonic type of sorting algorithm."Hans Petter Selasky
Some points for the future: - libc is not the right place for sorting algorithms. Probably libutil is better suited for this purpose or a dedicated libsort. Should move all sorting algorithms away from libc eventually. - CheriBSD uses capabilities for memory access, and could benefit from a standard memswap() function. - Do something about qsort() in FreeBSD's libc like: - Mark it deprecated on FreeBSD, as a first step, due to missing limits on CPU time. - Audit the use of qsort() in the FreeBSD base system and consider swapping to other existing sorting algorithms. Discussed with: brooks@ Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D36493 This reverts commit a7469c9c0a504a5e6e9b89e148cd78df5e67ff7f. This reverts commit 7d65a450cdcc7cc743f2ecd114ba3428a21c0033. This reverts commit 8dcf3a82c54cb216df3213a013047907636a01da.
2023-04-19libc: Implement bsort(3) a bitonic type of sorting algorithm.Hans Petter Selasky
The bsort(3) algorithm works by swapping objects, similarly to qsort(3), and does not require any significant amount of additional memory. The bsort(3) algorithm doesn't suffer from the processing time issues known the plague the qsort(3) family of algorithms, and is bounded by a complexity of O(log2(N) * log2(N) * N), where N is the number of elements in the sorting array. The additional complexity compared to mergesort(3) is a fair tradeoff in situations where no memory may be allocated. The bsort(3) APIs are identical to those of qsort(3), allowing for easy drop-in and testing. The design of the bsort(3) algorithm allows for future parallell CPU execution when sorting arrays. The current version of the bsort(3) algorithm is single threaded. This is possible because fixed areas of the sorting data is compared at a time, and can easily be divided among different CPU's to sort large arrays faster. Reviewed by: gbe@, delphij@, pauamma_gundo.com (manpages) Sponsored by: NVIDIA Networking Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D36493
2023-03-13Add GNU glibc compatible secure_getenvlucy
Add mostly glibc and msl compatible secure_getenv. Return NULL if issetugid() indicates the process is tainted, otherwise getenv(x). The rational behind this is the fact that many Linux applications use this function instead of getenv() as it's widely consider a, "best practice". Reviewed by: imp, mjg (feedback) Pull Request: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/686 Signed-off-by: Lucy Marsh <seafork@disroot.org>
2023-03-02xlocale: garbage collect references to strtoq_l/strtouq_lVal Packett
These were explicitly never implemented (see lib/libc/locale/DESIGN.xlocale), but were referenced in the manpage and the symbol map. Fixes: 3c87aa1d3dc ("Implement xlocale APIs from Darwin") Reported by: ld.lld 16 being --no-undefined-version by default Reviewed by: theraven, emaste Sponsored by: https://www.patreon.com/valpackett Pull Request: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/679 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D38408
2022-09-30Alter the prototype of qsort_r(3) to match POSIX, which adopted theEd Schouten
glibc-based interface. Unfortunately, the glibc maintainers, despite knowing the existence of the FreeBSD qsort_r(3) interface in 2004 and refused to add the same interface to glibc based on grounds of the lack of standardization and portability concerns, has decided it was a good idea to introduce their own qsort_r(3) interface in 2007 as a GNU extension with a slightly different and incompatible interface. With the adoption of their interface as POSIX standard, let's switch to the same prototype, there is no need to remain incompatible. C++ and C applications written for the historical FreeBSD interface get source level compatibility when building in C++ mode, or when building with a C compiler with C11 generics support, provided that the caller passes a fifth parameter of qsort_r() that exactly matches the historical FreeBSD comparator function pointer type and does not redefine the historical qsort_r(3) prototype in their source code. Symbol versioning is used to keep old binaries working. MFC: never Relnotes: yes Reviewed by: cem, imp, hps, pauamma Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17083
2021-11-07libc: add clearenv functionMariusz Zaborski
The clearenv(3) function allows us to clear all environment variable in one shot. This may be useful for security programs that want to control the environment or what variables are passed to new spawned programs. Reviewed by: scf, markj (secteam), 0mp (manpages) Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D28223
2020-10-20Further refinements of ptsname_r(3) interface:Xin LI
- Hide ptsname_r under __BSD_VISIBLE for now as the specification is not finalized at this time. - Keep Symbol.map sorted. - Avoid the interposing of ptsname_r(3) from an user application from breaking ptsname(3) by making the implementation a static method and call the static function from ptsname(3) instead. Reported by: kib Reviewed by: kib, jilles MFC after: 2 weeks Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D26845 Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=366866
2020-10-17Implement ptsname_r.Xin LI
MFC after: 2 weeks PR: 250062 Reviewed by: jilles, 0mp, Ray <i maskray me> Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D26647 Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=366781
2020-02-01rand(3): Replace implementation with one backed by random(3) algorithmConrad Meyer
rand(3)'s standard C API is extremely limiting, but we can do better than the historical 32-bit state Park-Miller LCG we've shipped since 2001: r73156. The justification provided at the time for not using random(3) was that rand_r(3) could not be made to use the same algorithm. That is still true. However, the irrelevance of rand_r(3) is increasingly obvious. Since that time, POSIX has marked the interface obsolescent. rand_r(3) never became part of the standard C library. If not for API compatibility reasons, I would just remove rand_r(3) entirely. So, I do not believe it is a problem for rand_r(3) and rand(3) to diverge. The 12 ABI is maintained with compatibility definitions, but this revision does subtly change the API of rand(3). The sequences of pseudorandom numbers produced in programs built against new versions of libc will differ from programs built against prior versions of libc. Reviewed by: kevans, markm MFC after: no Relnotes: yes Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D23290 Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=357382
2020-01-20Add qsort_s(3). Apart from the constraints, it also makes it easierEdward Tomasz Napierala
to port software written for Linux variant of qsort_r(3). Reviewed by: kib, arichardson MFC after: 2 weeks Relnotes: yes Sponsored by: DARPA Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D23174 Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=356909
2019-12-14Deprecate sranddev(3) APIConrad Meyer
It serves no useful purpose and wasn't as popular as its equally meritless cousin, srandomdev(3). Setting aside the problems with rand(3) in general, the problem with this interface is that the seed isn't shared with the caller (other than by attacking the output of the generator, which is trivial, but not a hallmark of pleasant API design). The (arguable) utility of rand(3) or random(3) is as a semi-fast simulation generator which produces consistent results from a given seed. These are mutually at odd. Furthermore, sometimes people got the mistaken impression that a high quality random seed meant a weak generator like rand(3) or random(3) could be used for things like cryptographic key generation. This is absolutely not so. The API was never part of a standard and was not widely used in tree. Existing in-tree uses have all been removed. Possible replacement in out of tree codebases: char buf[3]; time_t t; time(t); strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "%S", gmtime(&t)); srand(atoi(buf)); Relnotes: yes Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=355747
2019-04-15Fix order of destructors between main binary and libraries.Konstantin Belousov
Since inits for the main binary are run from rtld (for some time), the rtld_exit atexit(3) handler, which is passed from rtld to the program entry and installed by csu, is installed after any atexit(3) handlers installed by main binary constructors. This means that rtld_exit() is fired before main binary handlers. Typical C++ static constructors are executed from init (either binary or libs) but use atexit(3) to ensure that destructors are called in the right order, independent of the linking order. Also, C++ libraries finalizers call __cxa_finalize(3) to flush library' atexit(3) entries. Since atexit(3) entry is cleared after being run, this would be mostly innocent, except that, atexit(rtld_exit) done after main binary constructors, makes destructors from libraries executed before destructors for main. Fix by reordering atexit(rtld_exit) before inits for main binary, same as it happened when inits were called by csu. Do it using new private libc symbol with pre-defined ABI. Reported. tested, and reviewed by: kan Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation MFC after: 1 week Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=346225
2017-03-30Implement the memset_s(3) function as specified by the C11 ISO/IECKonstantin Belousov
9899:2011 Appendix K 3.7.4.1. Other needed supporting types, defines and constraint_handler infrastructure is added as specified in the C11 spec. Submitted by: Tom Rix <trix@juniper.net> Sponsored by: Juniper Networks Discussed with: ed MFC after: 3 weeks Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D9903 Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D10161 Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=316213
2017-01-07Export __cxa_thread_atexit_impl as an alias for __cxa_thread_atexit.Konstantin Belousov
libstdc++ before gcc r244057 expected that libc provided __cxa_thread_atexit_impl, and libstdc++ implemented __cxa_thread_atexit, by forwarding the calls to _impl. Mentioned gcc revision checks for __cxa_thread_atexit in libc and does not provide the symbol from libstdc++ if found. This change helps older gcc, in particular, all released versions which implement thread_local, by consolidating the implementation into libc. For that versions, if configured with the current libc, the __cxa_thread_atexit is exported from libstdc++ as a trivial wrapper around libc::__cxa_thread_atexit_impl. The __cxa_thread_atexit implementation is put into separate source file to allow for static linking with older libstdc++.a. gcc bugzilla: https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=78968 Reported by: Hannes Hauswedell <h2+fbsdports@fsfe.org> PR: 215709 Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation MFC after: 2 weeks Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=311651
2016-08-06Add __cxa_thread_atexit(3) API implementation.Konstantin Belousov
This is the backing feature to implement C++11 thread storage duration specified by the thread_local keyword. A destructor for given thread-local object is registered to be executed at the thread termination time using __cxa_thread_atexit(). Libc calls the __cxa_thread_calls_dtors() during exit(3), before finalizers and atexit functions, and libthr calls the function at the thread termination time, after the stack unwinding and thread-specific key destruction. There are several uncertainties in the API which lacks a formal specification. Among them: - is it allowed to register destructors during destructing; we allow, but limiting the nesting level. If too many iterations detected, a diagnostic is issued to stderr and thread forcibly terminates for now. - how to handle destructors which belong to an unloading dso; for now, we ignore destructor calls for such entries, and issue a diagnostic. Linux does prevent dso unload until all threads with destructors from the dso terminated. It is supposed that the diagnostics allow to detect real-world applications relying on the above details and possibly adjust our implementation. Right now the choices were to provide the slim API (but that rarely stands the practice test). Tests are added to check generic functionality and to specify some of the above implementation choices. Submitted by: Mahdi Mokhtari <mokhi64_gmail.com> Reviewed by: theraven Discussed with: dim (detection of -std=c++11 supoort for tests) Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation (my involvement) MFC after: 2 weeks Differential revisions: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7224, https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7427 Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=303795
2015-05-01Import reallocarray(3) from OpenBSDBaptiste Daroussin
Add a manpage for it, assign the copyright to the OpenBSD project on it since it is mostly copy/paste from OpenBSD manpage. style(9) fixes Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2420 Reviewed by: kib Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=282314
2015-01-03Fix known issues which blow up the process after dlopen("libthr.so")Konstantin Belousov
(or loading a dso linked to libthr.so into process which was not linked against threading library). - Remove libthr interposers of the libc functions, including __error(). Instead, functions calls are indirected through the interposing table, similar to how pthread stubs in libc are already done. Libc by default points either to syscall trampolines or to existing libc implementations. On libthr load, libthr rewrites the pointers to the cancellable implementations already in libthr. The interposition table is separate from pthreads stubs indirection table to not pull pthreads stubs into static binaries. - Postpone the malloc(3) internal mutexes initialization until libthr is loaded. This avoids recursion between calloc(3) and static pthread_mutex_t initialization. - Reinstall signal handlers with wrapper on libthr load. The _rtld_is_dlopened(3) is used to avoid useless calls to sigaction(2) when libthr is statically referenced from the main binary. In the process, fix openat(2), swapcontext(2) and setcontext(2) interposing. The libc symbols were exported at different versions than libthr interposers. Export both libc and libthr versions from libc now, with default set to the higher version from libthr. Remove unused and disconnected swapcontext(3) userspace implementation from libc/gen. No objections from: deischen Tested by: pho, antoine (exp-run) (previous versions) Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation MFC after: 1 week Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=276630
2014-09-01Add bsearch_b to the libc map and the stdlib header.Pedro F. Giffuni
bsearch_b is the Apple blocks enabled version of bsearch(3). This was added to libc in Revision 264042 but the commit missed the declaration required to make use of it. While here move some other block-related functions to the BSD_VISIBLE block as these are non-standard. Phabric: D638 Reviewed by: theraven, wollman Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=270952
2014-07-21Add re-entrant versions of the hash functions based on the GNU api.Pedro F. Giffuni
While testing this I found a conformance issue in hdestroy() that will be fixed in a subsequent commit. Obtained from: NetBSD (hcreate.c, CVS Rev. 1.7) Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=268943
2014-04-03Move _b functions into the 11.x symbol version namespace.David Chisnall
Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=264070
2014-04-02Add support for some block functions that come from OS X. These areDavid Chisnall
intended to build with any C compiler. Reviewed by: pfg MFC after: 3 weeks Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=264042
2012-04-17Import jemalloc 9ef7f5dc34ff02f50d401e41c8d9a4a928e7c2aa (dev branch,Jason Evans
prior to 3.0.0 release) as contrib/jemalloc, and integrate it into libc. The code being imported by this commit diverged from lib/libc/stdlib/malloc.c in March 2010, which means that a portion of the jemalloc 1.0.0 ChangeLog entries are relevant, as are the entries for all subsequent releases. Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=234370
2012-01-09Add aligned_alloc(3).Ed Schouten
The C11 folks reinvented the wheel by introducing an aligned version of malloc(3) called aligned_alloc(3), instead of posix_memalign(3). Instead of returning the allocation by reference, it returns the address, just like malloc(3). Reviewed by: jasone@ Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=229848
2012-01-08Properly sort functions by name.Ed Schouten
Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=229808
2011-12-07Implement quick_exit() / at_quick_exit() from C++11 / C1x. Also add aDavid Chisnall
__noreturn macro and modify the other exiting functions to use it. The __noreturn macro, unlike __dead2, must be used BEFORE the function. This is in line with the C and C++ specifications that place _Noreturn (c1x) and [[noreturn]] (C++11) in front of the functions. As with __dead2, this macro falls back to using the GCC attribute. Unfortunately, clang currently sets the same value for the C version macro in C99 and C1x modes, so these functions are hidden by default. At some point before 10.0, I need to go through the headers and clean up the C1x / C++11 visibility. Reviewed by: brooks (mentor) Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=228322
2011-11-20Implement xlocale APIs from Darwin, mainly for use by libc++. This adds aDavid Chisnall
load of _l suffixed versions of various standard library functions that use the global locale, making them take an explicit locale parameter. Also adds support for per-thread locales. This work was funded by the FreeBSD Foundation. Please test any code you have that uses the C standard locale functions! Reviewed by: das (gdtoa changes) Approved by: dim (mentor) Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=227753
2008-08-27Add thread-specific caching for small size classes, based on magazines.Jason Evans
This caching allows for completely lock-free allocation/deallocation in the steady state, at the expense of likely increased memory use and fragmentation. Reduce the default number of arenas to 2*ncpus, since thread-specific caching typically reduces arena contention. Modify size class spacing to include ranges of 2^n-spaced, quantum-spaced, cacheline-spaced, and subpage-spaced size classes. The advantages are: fewer size classes, reduced false cacheline sharing, and reduced internal fragmentation for allocations that are slightly over 512, 1024, etc. Increase RUN_MAX_SMALL, in order to limit fragmentation for the subpage-spaced size classes. Add a size-->bin lookup table for small sizes to simplify translating sizes to size classes. Include a hard-coded constant table that is used unless custom size class spacing is specified at run time. Add the ability to disable tiny size classes at compile time via MALLOC_TINY. Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=182225
2008-08-20Integrate the new MPSAFE TTY layer to the FreeBSD operating system.Ed Schouten
The last half year I've been working on a replacement TTY layer for the FreeBSD kernel. The new TTY layer was designed to improve the following: - Improved driver model: The old TTY layer has a driver model that is not abstract enough to make it friendly to use. A good example is the output path, where the device drivers directly access the output buffers. This means that an in-kernel PPP implementation must always convert network buffers into TTY buffers. If a PPP implementation would be built on top of the new TTY layer (still needs a hooks layer, though), it would allow the PPP implementation to directly hand the data to the TTY driver. - Improved hotplugging: With the old TTY layer, it isn't entirely safe to destroy TTY's from the system. This implementation has a two-step destructing design, where the driver first abandons the TTY. After all threads have left the TTY, the TTY layer calls a routine in the driver, which can be used to free resources (unit numbers, etc). The pts(4) driver also implements this feature, which means posix_openpt() will now return PTY's that are created on the fly. - Improved performance: One of the major improvements is the per-TTY mutex, which is expected to improve scalability when compared to the old Giant locking. Another change is the unbuffered copying to userspace, which is both used on TTY device nodes and PTY masters. Upgrading should be quite straightforward. Unlike previous versions, existing kernel configuration files do not need to be changed, except when they reference device drivers that are listed in UPDATING. Obtained from: //depot/projects/mpsafetty/... Approved by: philip (ex-mentor) Discussed: on the lists, at BSDCan, at the DevSummit Sponsored by: Snow B.V., the Netherlands dcons(4) fixed by: kan Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=181905
2008-06-17Don't export the unused __use_pts() routine.Ed Schouten
The __use_pts() routine was once probably used by libutil to determine if we are using BSD or UNIX98 style PTY device names. It doesn't seem to be used outside grantpt.c, which means we can make it static and remove it from the Symbol.map. Reviewed by: cognet, kib Approved by: philip (mentor) Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=179846
2007-05-22Backout 1.5 as requested by deischenJonathan Chen
Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=169850
2007-05-22__cleanup() is needed for ports/devel/valgrind, export it.Jonathan Chen
Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=169847
2007-04-29Use C comments since we now preprocess these files with CPP.Daniel Eischen
Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=169092
2006-03-28Add malloc_usable_size(3).Jason Evans
Discussed with: arch@ Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=157236
2006-03-14Import of OpenBSD's strtonum(3) which is a nicer version of strtoll(3)Andre Oppermann
providing proper error checking and other improvements. Obtained from: OpenBSD Requested by: flz (to port Open[BGP|OSPF]D) MFC after: 3 days Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=156707
2006-03-13Add symbol maps and initial symbol version definitions to libc.Daniel Eischen
Reviewed by: davidxu Notes: svn path=/head/; revision=156608