diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | Makefile.aut | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | NEWS | 39 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | ch.c | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | charset.c | 48 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | command.c | 40 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | compose.uni | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | configure.ac | 16 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | decode.c | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | defines.h.in | 16 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | edit.c | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | fmt.uni | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | forwback.c | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | funcs.h | 12 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | help.c | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | input.c | 72 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | less.h | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | less.man | 1321 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | less.nro | 110 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lessecho.man | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lessecho.nro | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lesskey.man | 38 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lesskey.nro | 18 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lesstest/Makefile | 2 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | lesstest/extract | 16 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lesstest/lt/search-hist.lt | 60 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lglob.h | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | line.c | 106 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lsystem.c | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | main.c | 41 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | mkutable | 21 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | omit.uni | 7 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | optfunc.c | 18 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | opttbl.c | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | os.c | 51 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | pattern.c | 7 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | screen.c | 30 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | search.c | 12 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | ubin.uni | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | version.c | 14 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | wide.uni | 8 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | xbuf.c | 2 |
41 files changed, 1367 insertions, 828 deletions
diff --git a/Makefile.aut b/Makefile.aut index d4a4d56d0300..9bd416b47338 100644 --- a/Makefile.aut +++ b/Makefile.aut @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ DISTFILES_W = \ defines.wn Makefile.wnm Makefile.wnb Makefile.wng \ configure UNICODE_FILES = \ - compose.uni fmt.uni ubin.uni wide.uni + compose.uni fmt.uni omit.uni ubin.uni wide.uni DISTFILES = \ ${SRC} regexp.c regexp.h \ COPYING INSTALL LICENSE Makefile.in Makefile.aut NEWS README \ @@ -118,6 +118,8 @@ fmt.uni: unicode/UnicodeData.txt ./mkutable -f2 Cf -- unicode/UnicodeData.txt > $@ ubin.uni: unicode/UnicodeData.txt ./mkutable -f2 Cc Cs Co Zl Zp -- unicode/UnicodeData.txt > $@ +omit.uni: unicode/UnicodeData.txt + ./mkutable -f2 Xx -- unicode/UnicodeData.txt > $@ wide.uni: unicode/EastAsianWidth.txt ./mkutable -f1 W F -- unicode/EastAsianWidth.txt > $@ @@ -11,6 +11,45 @@ ====================================================================== + Major changes between "less" versions 679 and 685 + +* Add --cmd option (github #624). + +* Add LESS_TERMCAP_SUSPEND and LESS_TERMCAP_RESUME (github #654). + +* Change --incsearch so that after typing each character of the pattern, + the search begins at the position where the search command was invoked, + not the current position (github #640). + +* Allow mixing of option arguments and filename arguments on the + command line unless POSIXLY_CORRECT is set (github #653). + +* Don't output U+00AD and U+200D, and fix some bugs handling emoji + modifier characters (github #637). + +* Fix hang if a search using ^S modifier matches empty string (github #634). + +* Fix bug using -g and -J (github #636). + +* Fix bug when pasting a search pattern while --incsearch is active + (github #635). + +* Fix bug in Windows build when autorepeating a search pattern (github #639). + +* Fix lesskey bug using #stop directive. + +* Fix lesskey bug using "invalid" action (github #643). + +* Fix bug causing file to appear to end prematurely if an input command + was received during a file read (github #649). + +* Fix performance issue in & filtering (github #638). Problem was introduced + in da2a9ecdf16beb642d0c030e35f0351c5f2e5a12 and released in less-673. + +* Fix some problems reported by valgrind (github #659, github #660, github #661). + +====================================================================== + Major changes between "less" versions 678 and 679 * Fix bad parsing of lesskey file an env var is a prefix of another @@ -283,11 +283,7 @@ static int ch_get(void) read_again = FALSE; if (n == READ_INTR) - { - if (ch_flags & CH_CANSEEK) - ch_fsize = pos; return (EOI); - } if (n == READ_AGAIN) { read_again = TRUE; diff --git a/charset.c b/charset.c index 5e5df2a4e60f..0f62739bc88d 100644 --- a/charset.c +++ b/charset.c @@ -128,10 +128,12 @@ static struct xbuffer user_wide_array; static struct xbuffer user_ubin_array; static struct xbuffer user_compose_array; static struct xbuffer user_prt_array; +static struct xbuffer user_omit_array; static struct wchar_range_table user_wide_table; static struct wchar_range_table user_ubin_table; static struct wchar_range_table user_compose_table; static struct wchar_range_table user_prt_table; +static struct wchar_range_table user_omit_table; /* * Set a wchar_range_table to the table in an xbuffer. @@ -179,6 +181,7 @@ static void ichardef_utf(constant char *s) xbuf_init(&user_ubin_array); xbuf_init(&user_compose_array); xbuf_init(&user_prt_array); + xbuf_init(&user_omit_array); if (s != NULL) { @@ -204,6 +207,9 @@ static void ichardef_utf(constant char *s) case 'c': xbuf_add_data(&user_compose_array, (unsigned char *) &range, sizeof(range)); break; + case 'd': + xbuf_add_data(&user_omit_array, (unsigned char *) &range, sizeof(range)); + break; case 'w': xbuf_add_data(&user_wide_array, (unsigned char *) &range, sizeof(range)); xbuf_add_data(&user_prt_array, (unsigned char *) &range, sizeof(range)); @@ -225,6 +231,7 @@ static void ichardef_utf(constant char *s) wchar_range_table_set(&user_ubin_table, &user_ubin_array); wchar_range_table_set(&user_compose_table, &user_compose_array); wchar_range_table_set(&user_prt_table, &user_prt_array); + wchar_range_table_set(&user_omit_table, &user_omit_array); } /* @@ -554,7 +561,7 @@ public constant char * prutfchar(LWCHAR ch) SNPRINTF1(buf, sizeof(buf), "^%c", ((char) ch) ^ 0100); else SNPRINTF1(buf, sizeof(buf), binfmt, (char) ch); - } else if (is_ubin_char(ch)) + } else if (is_ubin_char(ch) || is_omit_char(ch)) { SNPRINTF1(buf, sizeof(buf), utfbinfmt, ch); } else @@ -827,6 +834,10 @@ DECLARE_RANGE_TABLE_START(fmt) #include "fmt.uni" DECLARE_RANGE_TABLE_END(fmt) +DECLARE_RANGE_TABLE_START(omit) +#include "omit.uni" +DECLARE_RANGE_TABLE_END(omit) + /* comb_table is special pairs, not ranges. */ static struct wchar_range comb_table[] = { {0x0644,0x0622}, {0x0644,0x0623}, {0x0644,0x0625}, {0x0644,0x0627}, @@ -857,6 +868,17 @@ static lbool is_in_table(LWCHAR ch, struct wchar_range_table *table) } /* + * Is a character in none of a set of specified user tables? + */ +static lbool not_user_defined(LWCHAR ch, struct wchar_range_table *tbl1, struct wchar_range_table *tbl2, struct wchar_range_table *tbl3) +{ + if (is_in_table(ch, tbl1)) return FALSE; + if (is_in_table(ch, tbl2)) return FALSE; + if (is_in_table(ch, tbl3)) return FALSE; + return TRUE; +} + +/* * Is a character a UTF-8 composing character? * If a composing character follows any char, the two combine into one glyph. */ @@ -864,8 +886,9 @@ public lbool is_composing_char(LWCHAR ch) { if (is_in_table(ch, &user_prt_table)) return FALSE; return is_in_table(ch, &user_compose_table) || - is_in_table(ch, &compose_table) || - (bs_mode != BS_CONTROL && is_in_table(ch, &fmt_table)); + (is_in_table(ch, &compose_table) || + (bs_mode != BS_CONTROL && is_in_table(ch, &fmt_table) && + not_user_defined(ch, &user_prt_table, &user_ubin_table, &user_omit_table))); } /* @@ -875,8 +898,9 @@ public lbool is_ubin_char(LWCHAR ch) { if (is_in_table(ch, &user_prt_table)) return FALSE; return is_in_table(ch, &user_ubin_table) || - is_in_table(ch, &ubin_table) || - (bs_mode == BS_CONTROL && is_in_table(ch, &fmt_table)); + (is_in_table(ch, &ubin_table) || + (bs_mode == BS_CONTROL && is_in_table(ch, &fmt_table) && + not_user_defined(ch, &user_prt_table, &user_compose_table, &user_omit_table))); } /* @@ -885,7 +909,18 @@ public lbool is_ubin_char(LWCHAR ch) public lbool is_wide_char(LWCHAR ch) { return is_in_table(ch, &user_wide_table) || - is_in_table(ch, &wide_table); + (is_in_table(ch, &wide_table) && + not_user_defined(ch, &user_compose_table, &user_ubin_table, &user_omit_table)); +} + +/* + * Is this an omittable character? + */ +public lbool is_omit_char(LWCHAR ch) +{ + return is_in_table(ch, &user_omit_table) || + (is_in_table(ch, &omit_table) && + not_user_defined(ch, &user_prt_table, &user_compose_table, &user_ubin_table)); } /* @@ -905,4 +940,3 @@ public lbool is_combining_char(LWCHAR ch1, LWCHAR ch2) } return FALSE; } - diff --git a/command.c b/command.c index 327e3930f09b..2e5b403bb4a9 100644 --- a/command.c +++ b/command.c @@ -48,10 +48,13 @@ extern void *ml_examine; extern int wheel_lines; extern int def_search_type; extern lbool search_wrapped; +extern lbool no_poll; extern int no_paste; extern lbool pasting; extern int no_edit_warn; extern POSITION soft_eof; +extern POSITION search_incr_start; +extern char *first_cmd_at_prompt; #if SHELL_ESCAPE || PIPEC extern void *ml_shell; #endif @@ -89,6 +92,8 @@ static int save_proc_backspace; static int screen_trashed_value = 0; static lbool literal_char = FALSE; static lbool ignoring_input = FALSE; +static struct scrpos search_incr_pos = { NULL_POSITION, 0 }; +static int search_incr_hshift; #if HAVE_TIME static time_type ignoring_input_time; #endif @@ -208,6 +213,13 @@ static void mca_search1(void) static void mca_search(void) { + if (incr_search) + { + /* Remember where the incremental search started. */ + get_scrpos(&search_incr_pos, TOP); + search_incr_start = search_pos(search_type); + search_incr_hshift = hshift; + } mca_search1(); set_mlist(ml_search, 0); } @@ -742,6 +754,9 @@ static int mca_char(char c) constant char *pattern = get_cmdbuf(); if (pattern == NULL) return (MCA_MORE); + /* Defer searching if more chars of the pattern are available. */ + if (ttyin_ready()) + return (MCA_MORE); /* * Must save updown_match because mca_search * reinits it. That breaks history scrolling. @@ -753,11 +768,24 @@ static int mca_char(char c) { /* User has backspaced to an empty pattern. */ undo_search(1); + hshift = search_incr_hshift; + jump_loc(search_incr_pos.pos, search_incr_pos.ln); } else { + /* + * Suppress tty polling while searching. + * This avoids a problem where tty input + * can cause the search to be interrupted. + */ + no_poll = TRUE; if (search(st | SRCH_INCR, pattern, 1) != 0) + { /* No match, invalid pattern, etc. */ undo_search(1); + hshift = search_incr_hshift; + jump_loc(search_incr_pos.pos, search_incr_pos.ln); + } + no_poll = FALSE; } /* Redraw the search prompt and search string. */ if (is_screen_trashed() || !full_screen) @@ -790,6 +818,7 @@ static void clear_buffers(void) #if HILITE_SEARCH clr_hilite(); #endif + set_line_contig_pos(NULL_POSITION); } public void screen_trashed_num(int trashed) @@ -884,6 +913,12 @@ static void prompt(void) next_ifile(curr_ifile) == NULL_IFILE) quit(QUIT_OK); quit_if_one_screen = FALSE; /* only get one chance at this */ + if (first_cmd_at_prompt != NULL) + { + ungetsc(first_cmd_at_prompt); + first_cmd_at_prompt = NULL; + return; + } #if MSDOS_COMPILER==WIN32C /* @@ -957,6 +992,7 @@ static void prompt(void) put_line(FALSE); } clear_eol(); + resume_screen(); } /* @@ -2256,6 +2292,7 @@ public void commands(void) pos_rehead(); hshift -= (int) number; screen_trashed(); + cmd_exec(); break; case A_RSHIFT: @@ -2269,6 +2306,7 @@ public void commands(void) pos_rehead(); hshift += (int) number; screen_trashed(); + cmd_exec(); break; case A_LLSHIFT: @@ -2278,6 +2316,7 @@ public void commands(void) pos_rehead(); hshift = 0; screen_trashed(); + cmd_exec(); break; case A_RRSHIFT: @@ -2287,6 +2326,7 @@ public void commands(void) pos_rehead(); hshift = rrshift(); screen_trashed(); + cmd_exec(); break; case A_PREFIX: diff --git a/compose.uni b/compose.uni index 0875a8dceec1..6b4458efc4b4 100644 --- a/compose.uni +++ b/compose.uni @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -/* Generated by "./mkutable -f2 Mn Me -- unicode/UnicodeData.txt" on Oct 1 18:10:07 GMT 2024 */ +/* Generated by "./mkutable -f2 Mn Me -- unicode/UnicodeData.txt" on Aug 11 0:27:25 GMT 2025 */ { 0x0300, 0x036f }, /* Mn */ { 0x0483, 0x0487 }, /* Mn */ { 0x0488, 0x0489 }, /* Me */ @@ -217,7 +217,6 @@ { 0xd7b0, 0xd7c6 }, /* Mn */ { 0xd7cb, 0xd7fb }, /* Mn */ { 0xfb1e, 0xfb1e }, /* Mn */ - { 0xfe00, 0xfe0f }, /* Mn */ { 0xfe20, 0xfe2f }, /* Mn */ { 0x101fd, 0x101fd }, /* Mn */ { 0x102e0, 0x102e0 }, /* Mn */ @@ -363,4 +362,3 @@ { 0x1e5ee, 0x1e5ef }, /* Mn */ { 0x1e8d0, 0x1e8d6 }, /* Mn */ { 0x1e944, 0x1e94a }, /* Mn */ - { 0xe0100, 0xe01ef }, /* Mn */ diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac index 41cc8b2dc8f8..33342895dd28 100644 --- a/configure.ac +++ b/configure.ac @@ -604,9 +604,18 @@ AH_TOP([ #define LESSKEYINFILE_SYS SYSDIR "/syslesskey" #define LESSHISTFILE ".lesshst" +/* Autodetect mingw */ +#if defined(__MINGW32__) +/* + * Define MSDOS_COMPILER if compiling under Microsoft C. + */ +#define MSDOS_COMPILER WIN32C -/* Settings always true on Unix. */ - +/* + * Pathname separator character. + */ +#define PATHNAME_SEP "\\" +#else /* * Define MSDOS_COMPILER if compiling under Microsoft C. */ @@ -616,6 +625,9 @@ AH_TOP([ * Pathname separator character. */ #define PATHNAME_SEP "/" +#endif + +/* Settings always true on Unix. */ /* * The value returned from tgetent on success. @@ -483,12 +483,12 @@ public void add_ecmd_table(unsigned char *buf, size_t len) /* * Add an environment variable table. */ -static void add_var_table(struct tablelist **tlist, unsigned char *buf, size_t len) +static void add_var_table(struct tablelist **tlist, mutable unsigned char *buf, size_t len) { struct xbuffer xbuf; xbuf_init(&xbuf); - expand_evars((char*)buf, len, &xbuf); /*{{unsigned-issue}}*/ + expand_evars((mutable char*)buf, len, &xbuf); /*{{unsigned-issue}}*/ /* {{ We leak the table in buf. expand_evars scribbled in it so it's useless anyway. }} */ if (add_cmd_table(tlist, xbuf.data, xbuf.end) < 0) error("Warning: environment variables from lesskey file unavailable", NULL_PARG); @@ -749,7 +749,8 @@ static int cmd_search(constant char *cmd, constant unsigned char *table, constan if (match == cmdlen) /* (last chars of) cmd matches this table entry */ { action = taction; - *extra = textra; + if (extra != NULL) + *extra = textra; } else if (match > 0 && action == A_INVALID) /* cmd is a prefix of this table entry */ { action = A_PREFIX; @@ -780,13 +781,11 @@ static int cmd_decode(struct tablelist *tlist, constant char *cmd, constant char for (t = tlist; t != NULL; t = t->t_next) { constant unsigned char *tsp; - size_t mlen; + size_t mlen = match_len; int taction = cmd_search(cmd, t->t_start, t->t_end, &tsp, &mlen); if (mlen >= match_len) { match_len = mlen; - if (taction == A_UINVALID) - taction = A_INVALID; if (taction != A_INVALID) { *sp = (constant char *) tsp; diff --git a/defines.h.in b/defines.h.in index a48bc341cc3e..85e948d1a957 100644 --- a/defines.h.in +++ b/defines.h.in @@ -121,10 +121,19 @@ #define LESSKEYINFILE_SYS SYSDIR "/syslesskey" #define LESSHISTFILE ".lesshst" - -/* Settings always true on Unix. */ +/* Autodetect mingw */ +#if defined(__MINGW32__) +/* + * Define MSDOS_COMPILER if compiling under Microsoft C. + */ +#define MSDOS_COMPILER WIN32C /* + * Pathname separator character. + */ +#define PATHNAME_SEP "\\" +#else +/* * Define MSDOS_COMPILER if compiling under Microsoft C. */ #define MSDOS_COMPILER 0 @@ -133,6 +142,9 @@ * Pathname separator character. */ #define PATHNAME_SEP "/" +#endif + +/* Settings always true on Unix. */ /* * The value returned from tgetent on success. @@ -113,9 +113,7 @@ public constant char * forw_textlist(struct textlist *tlist, constant char *prev s = tlist->string; else s = prev + strlen(prev); - if (s >= tlist->endstring) - return (NULL); - while (*s == '\0') + while (s < tlist->endstring && *s == '\0') s++; if (s >= tlist->endstring) return (NULL); @@ -306,7 +304,11 @@ static void close_pipe(FILE *pipefd) if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) { int sig = WTERMSIG(status); - if (sig != SIGPIPE || ch_length() != NULL_POSITION) + if ( +#ifdef SIGPIPE + sig != SIGPIPE || +#endif + ch_length() != NULL_POSITION) { parg.p_string = signal_message(sig); error("Input preprocessor terminated: %s", &parg); @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ -/* Generated by "./mkutable -f2 Cf -- unicode/UnicodeData.txt" on Oct 1 18:10:07 GMT 2024 */ - { 0x00ad, 0x00ad }, /* Cf */ +/* Generated by "./mkutable -f2 Cf -- unicode/UnicodeData.txt" on Jul 27 19:38:50 GMT 2025 */ { 0x0600, 0x0605 }, /* Cf */ { 0x061c, 0x061c }, /* Cf */ { 0x06dd, 0x06dd }, /* Cf */ @@ -7,7 +6,8 @@ { 0x0890, 0x0891 }, /* Cf */ { 0x08e2, 0x08e2 }, /* Cf */ { 0x180e, 0x180e }, /* Cf */ - { 0x200b, 0x200f }, /* Cf */ + { 0x200b, 0x200c }, /* Cf */ + { 0x200e, 0x200f }, /* Cf */ { 0x202a, 0x202e }, /* Cf */ { 0x2060, 0x2064 }, /* Cf */ { 0x2066, 0x206f }, /* Cf */ diff --git a/forwback.c b/forwback.c index 992365749063..479b7ed34b72 100644 --- a/forwback.c +++ b/forwback.c @@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ public void forw(int n, POSITION pos, lbool force, lbool only_last, lbool to_new } if (!first_line) add_forw_pos(pos, FALSE); - if (nlines == 0 && !ignore_eoi) + if (nlines == 0 && !ignore_eoi && !ABORT_SIGS()) eof_bell(); else if (do_repaint) repaint(); @@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ public void init_win_colors(void); public void get_term(void); public void init_mouse(void); public void deinit_mouse(void); +public void suspend_screen(void); +public void resume_screen(void); public void init(void); public void deinit(void); public int interactive(void); @@ -83,6 +85,7 @@ public LWCHAR step_char(char **pp, signed int dir, constant char *limit); public lbool is_composing_char(LWCHAR ch); public lbool is_ubin_char(LWCHAR ch); public lbool is_wide_char(LWCHAR ch); +public lbool is_omit_char(LWCHAR ch); public lbool is_combining_char(LWCHAR ch1, LWCHAR ch2); public void cmd_reset(void); public void clear_cmd(void); @@ -228,7 +231,9 @@ public void jump_loc(POSITION pos, int sline); public void init_line(void); public lbool is_ascii_char(LWCHAR ch); public POSITION line_position(void); -public void prewind(void); +public lbool is_line_contig_pos(POSITION pos); +public void set_line_contig_pos(POSITION pos); +public void prewind(lbool contig); public void plinestart(POSITION pos); public int line_pfx_width(void); public void pshift_all(void); @@ -314,6 +319,7 @@ public void opt_wheel_lines(int type, constant char *s); public void opt_linenum_width(int type, constant char *s); public void opt_status_col_width(int type, constant char *s); public void opt_filesize(int type, constant char *s); +public void opt_first_cmd_at_prompt(int type, constant char *s); public void opt_intr(int type, constant char *s); public int next_cnum(constant char **sp, constant char *printopt, constant char *errmsg, lbool *errp); public void opt_header(int type, constant char *s); @@ -343,6 +349,7 @@ public struct loption * findopt(int c); public struct loption * findopt_name(constant char **p_optname, constant char **p_oname, lbool *p_ambig); public char * findopts_name(constant char *pfx); public void init_poll(void); +public lbool ttyin_ready(void); public int supports_ctrl_x(void); public ssize_t iread(int fd, unsigned char *buf, size_t len); public int iopen(constant char *filename, int flags); @@ -403,6 +410,7 @@ public lbool is_filtered(POSITION pos); public POSITION next_unfiltered(POSITION pos); public int is_hilited_attr(POSITION pos, POSITION epos, int nohide, int *p_matches); public void chg_hilite(void); +public POSITION search_pos(int search_type); public void osc8_search(int search_type, constant char *param, int matches); public lbool osc8_click(int sindex, int col); public void osc8_open(void); @@ -439,7 +447,7 @@ public void xbuf_add_byte(struct xbuffer *xbuf, unsigned char b); public void xbuf_add_char(struct xbuffer *xbuf, char c); public void xbuf_add_data(struct xbuffer *xbuf, constant unsigned char *data, size_t len); public int xbuf_pop(struct xbuffer *buf); -public void xbuf_set(struct xbuffer *dst, struct xbuffer *src); +public void xbuf_set(struct xbuffer *dst, constant struct xbuffer *src); public constant char * xbuf_char_data(constant struct xbuffer *xbuf); public lbool help_ckd_add(void *r, uintmax a, uintmax b, int rsize, int rsigned); public lbool help_ckd_mul(void *r, uintmax a, uintmax b, int rsize, int rsigned); @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -/* This file was generated by mkhelp.pl from less.hlp at 19:46 on 2025/5/28 */ +/* This file was generated by mkhelp.pl from less.hlp at 18:02 on 2025/10/4 */ #include "less.h" constant char helpdata[] = { '\n', @@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ public POSITION forw_line_seg(POSITION curr_pos, lbool skipeol, lbool rscroll, l if (p_linepos != NULL) *p_linepos = NULL_POSITION; + if (p_newline != NULL) + *p_newline = TRUE; get_forw_line: if (curr_pos == NULL_POSITION) @@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ get_forw_line: return (NULL_POSITION); } #if HILITE_SEARCH - if (hilite_search == OPT_ONPLUS || is_filtering() || status_col) + if (hilite_search == OPT_ONPLUS || is_filtering() || (status_col && hilite_search != OPT_ON)) { /* * If we are ignoring EOI (command F), only prepare @@ -142,39 +144,48 @@ get_forw_line: /* * Read forward again to the position we should start at. */ - prewind(); - plinestart(base_pos); - (void) ch_seek(base_pos); - new_pos = base_pos; - while (new_pos < curr_pos) + if (is_line_contig_pos(curr_pos)) { - c = ch_forw_get(); - if (c == EOI) - { - null_line(); - return (NULL_POSITION); - } - backchars = pappend((char) c, new_pos); - new_pos++; - if (backchars > 0) + prewind(TRUE); + plinestart(base_pos); + ch_seek(curr_pos); + new_pos = curr_pos; + } else + { + prewind(FALSE); + plinestart(base_pos); + ch_seek(base_pos); + new_pos = base_pos; + while (new_pos < curr_pos) { - pshift_all(); - if (wordwrap && (c == ' ' || c == '\t')) + c = ch_forw_get(); + if (c == EOI) { - do + null_line(); + return (NULL_POSITION); + } + backchars = pappend((char) c, new_pos); + new_pos++; + if (backchars > 0) + { + pshift_all(); + if (wordwrap && (c == ' ' || c == '\t')) { - new_pos++; - c = ch_forw_get(); /* {{ what if c == EOI? }} */ - } while (c == ' ' || c == '\t'); - backchars = 1; + do + { + new_pos++; + c = ch_forw_get(); /* {{ what if c == EOI? }} */ + } while (c == ' ' || c == '\t'); + backchars = 1; + } + new_pos -= backchars; + while (--backchars >= 0) + (void) ch_back_get(); } - new_pos -= backchars; - while (--backchars >= 0) - (void) ch_back_get(); } + pshift_all(); } (void) pflushmbc(); - pshift_all(); /* * Read the first character to display. @@ -329,6 +340,7 @@ get_forw_line: *p_linepos = curr_pos; if (p_newline != NULL) *p_newline = endline; + set_line_contig_pos(endline ? NULL_POSITION : new_pos); return (new_pos); } @@ -358,6 +370,8 @@ public POSITION back_line(POSITION curr_pos, lbool *p_newline) lbool skipped_leading; get_back_line: + if (p_newline != NULL) + *p_newline = TRUE; if (curr_pos == NULL_POSITION || curr_pos <= ch_zero()) { null_line(); @@ -426,7 +440,7 @@ get_back_line: } #if HILITE_SEARCH - if (hilite_search == OPT_ONPLUS || is_filtering() || status_col) + if (hilite_search == OPT_ONPLUS || is_filtering() || (status_col && hilite_search != OPT_ON)) prep_hilite(base_pos, NULL_POSITION, 1); #endif @@ -446,10 +460,8 @@ get_back_line: return (NULL_POSITION); } endline = FALSE; - prewind(); + prewind(FALSE); plinestart(new_pos); - if (p_newline != NULL) - *p_newline = TRUE; loop: wrap_pos = NULL_POSITION; skipped_leading = FALSE; @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ void free(); * Special types and constants. */ typedef unsigned long LWCHAR; -#if defined(MINGW) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1500) +#if defined(__MINGW32__) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1500) typedef long long less_off_t; /* __int64 */ typedef struct _stat64 less_stat_t; #define less_fstat _fstat64 @@ -435,6 +435,7 @@ typedef enum osc8_state { #define AT_ANSI (1 << 4) /* Content-supplied "ANSI" escape sequence */ #define AT_BINARY (1 << 5) /* LESS*BINFMT representation */ #define AT_HILITE (1 << 6) /* Internal highlights (e.g., for search) */ +#define AT_PLACEHOLDER (1 << 7) /* Placeholder for half of double-wide char */ #define AT_COLOR_SHIFT 8 #define AT_NUM_COLORS 16 @@ -554,6 +555,8 @@ typedef enum { #define ESC CONTROL('[') #define ESCS "\33" #define CSI ((unsigned char)'\233') +#define VARSEL_15 ((LWCHAR)0xFE0E) /* VARIATION SELECTOR 15 */ +#define VARSEL_16 ((LWCHAR)0xFE0F) /* VARIATION SELECTOR 16 */ #if _OSK_MWC32 #define LSIGNAL(sig,func) os9_signal(sig,func) @@ -197,72 +197,74 @@ letter. Followed by another single quote, returns to the posi‐ tion at which the last "large" movement command was executed. Followed by a ^ or $, jumps to the beginning or end of the file - respectively. Marks are preserved when a new file is examined, - so the ' command can be used to switch between input files. + respectively. Marks are preserved when a new file is examined + within a single invocation of [1mless[22m, so the ' command can be used + to switch between input files. The --save‐marks option causes + marks to be preserved across different invocations of [1mless[22m. ^X^X Same as single quote. - ESC‐m Followed by any lowercase or uppercase letter, clears the mark + ESC‐m Followed by any lowercase or uppercase letter, clears the mark identified by that letter. /pattern Search forward in the file for the N‐th line containing the pat‐ tern. N defaults to 1. The pattern is a regular expression, as - recognized by the regular expression library supplied by your - system. By default, searching is case‐sensitive (uppercase and - lowercase are considered different); the -i option can be used - to change this. The search starts at the first line displayed + recognized by the regular expression library supplied by your + system. By default, searching is case‐sensitive (uppercase and + lowercase are considered different); the -i option can be used + to change this. The search starts at the first line displayed (but see the -a and -j options, which change this). - Certain characters are special if entered at the beginning of - the pattern; they modify the type of search rather than become + Certain characters are special if entered at the beginning of + the pattern; they modify the type of search rather than become part of the pattern: ^N or ! Search for lines which do NOT match the pattern. ^E or * - Search multiple files. That is, if the search reaches - the END of the current file without finding a match, the - search continues in the next file in the command line + Search multiple files. That is, if the search reaches + the END of the current file without finding a match, the + search continues in the next file in the command line list. ^F or @ - Begin the search at the first line of the FIRST file in - the command line list, regardless of what is currently - displayed on the screen or the settings of the -a or -j + Begin the search at the first line of the FIRST file in + the command line list, regardless of what is currently + displayed on the screen or the settings of the -a or -j options. - ^K Highlight any text which matches the pattern on the cur‐ + ^K Highlight any text which matches the pattern on the cur‐ rent screen, but don’t move to the first match (KEEP cur‐ rent position). - ^R Don’t interpret regular expression metacharacters; that + ^R Don’t interpret regular expression metacharacters; that is, do a simple textual comparison. - ^S Followed by a digit N between 1 and 5. Only text which + ^S Followed by a digit N between 1 and 5. Only text which has a non‐empty match for the N‐th parenthesized SUB‐PAT‐ - TERN will be considered to match the pattern. For exam‐ - ple, searching for "(abc)|(def)" modified with ^S1 would - search for instances of "abc", but would highlight in‐ + TERN will be considered to match the pattern. For exam‐ + ple, searching for "(abc)|(def)" modified with ^S1 would + search for instances of "abc", but would highlight in‐ stances of both "abc" and "def". (Supported only if [1mless[0m - is built with one of the regular expression libraries - [1mposix[22m, [1mpcre[22m, or [1mpcre2[22m.) Multiple ^S modifiers can be + is built with one of the regular expression libraries + [1mposix[22m, [1mpcre[22m, or [1mpcre2[22m.) Multiple ^S modifiers can be specified, to match more than one sub‐pattern. - ^W WRAP around the current file. That is, if the search - reaches the end of the current file without finding a - match, the search continues from the first line of the - current file up to the line where it started. If the ^W + ^W WRAP around the current file. That is, if the search + reaches the end of the current file without finding a + match, the search continues from the first line of the + current file up to the line where it started. If the ^W modifier is set, the ^E modifier is ignored. - ^L The next character is taken literally; that is, it be‐ - comes part of the pattern even if it is one of the above + ^L The next character is taken literally; that is, it be‐ + comes part of the pattern even if it is one of the above search modifier characters. ?pattern - Search backward in the file for the N‐th line containing the - pattern. The search starts at the last line displayed (but see + Search backward in the file for the N‐th line containing the + pattern. The search starts at the last line displayed (but see the -a and -j options, which change this). Certain characters are special as in the / command: @@ -271,15 +273,15 @@ Search for lines which do NOT match the pattern. ^E or * - Search multiple files. That is, if the search reaches - the beginning of the current file without finding a - match, the search continues in the previous file in the + Search multiple files. That is, if the search reaches + the beginning of the current file without finding a + match, the search continues in the previous file in the command line list. ^F or @ Begin the search at the last line of the last file in the - command line list, regardless of what is currently dis‐ - played on the screen or the settings of the -a or -j op‐ + command line list, regardless of what is currently dis‐ + played on the screen or the settings of the -a or -j op‐ tions. ^K As in forward searches. @@ -288,9 +290,9 @@ ^S As in forward searches. - ^W WRAP around the current file. That is, if the search + ^W WRAP around the current file. That is, if the search reaches the beginning of the current file without finding - a match, the search continues from the last line of the + a match, the search continues from the last line of the current file up to the line where it started. ^L As in forward searches. @@ -301,44 +303,44 @@ ESC‐?pattern Same as "?*". - n Repeat previous search, for N‐th line containing the last pat‐ - tern. If the previous search was modified by ^N, the search is - made for the N‐th line NOT containing the pattern. If the pre‐ - vious search was modified by ^E, the search continues in the - next (or previous) file if not satisfied in the current file. - If the previous search was modified by ^R, the search is done - without using regular expressions. If the previous search was - modified by ^W, the search wraps at the end (or beginning) of - the file. There is no effect if the previous search was modi‐ + n Repeat previous search, for N‐th line containing the last pat‐ + tern. If the previous search was modified by ^N, the search is + made for the N‐th line NOT containing the pattern. If the pre‐ + vious search was modified by ^E, the search continues in the + next (or previous) file if not satisfied in the current file. + If the previous search was modified by ^R, the search is done + without using regular expressions. If the previous search was + modified by ^W, the search wraps at the end (or beginning) of + the file. There is no effect if the previous search was modi‐ fied by ^F or ^K. N Repeat previous search, but in the reverse direction. - ESC‐n Repeat previous search, but crossing file boundaries. The ef‐ + ESC‐n Repeat previous search, but crossing file boundaries. The ef‐ fect is as if the previous search were modified by *. - ESC‐N Repeat previous search, but in the reverse direction and cross‐ + ESC‐N Repeat previous search, but in the reverse direction and cross‐ ing file boundaries. - ESC‐u Undo search highlighting. Turn off highlighting of strings + ESC‐u Undo search highlighting. Turn off highlighting of strings matching the current search pattern. If highlighting is already - off because of a previous ESC‐u command, turn highlighting back - on. Any search command will also turn highlighting back on. + off because of a previous ESC‐u command, turn highlighting back + on. Any search command will also turn highlighting back on. (Highlighting can also be disabled by toggling the -G option; in that case search commands do not turn highlighting back on.) - ESC‐U Like ESC‐u but also clears the saved search pattern. If the - status column is enabled via the -J option, this clears all + ESC‐U Like ESC‐u but also clears the saved search pattern. If the + status column is enabled via the -J option, this clears all search matches marked in the status column. &pattern - Display only lines which match the pattern; lines which do not - match the pattern are not displayed. If pattern is empty (if - you type & immediately followed by ENTER), any filtering is - turned off, and all lines are displayed. While filtering is in - effect, an ampersand is displayed at the beginning of the + Display only lines which match the pattern; lines which do not + match the pattern are not displayed. If pattern is empty (if + you type & immediately followed by ENTER), any filtering is + turned off, and all lines are displayed. While filtering is in + effect, an ampersand is displayed at the beginning of the prompt, as a reminder that some lines in the file may be hidden. - Multiple & commands may be entered, in which case only lines + Multiple & commands may be entered, in which case only lines which match all of the patterns will be displayed. Certain characters are special as in the / command: @@ -346,110 +348,110 @@ ^N or ! Display only lines which do NOT match the pattern. - ^R Don’t interpret regular expression metacharacters; that + ^R Don’t interpret regular expression metacharacters; that is, do a simple textual comparison. :e [filename] - Examine a new file. If the filename is missing, the "current" - file (see the :n and :p commands below) from the list of files - in the command line is re‐examined. A percent sign (%) in the - filename is replaced by the name of the current file. A pound - sign (#) is replaced by the name of the previously examined - file. However, two consecutive percent signs are simply re‐ - placed with a single percent sign. This allows you to enter a - filename that contains a percent sign in the name. Similarly, - two consecutive pound signs are replaced with a single pound - sign. The filename is inserted into the command line list of - files so that it can be seen by subsequent :n and :p commands. + Examine a new file. If the filename is missing, the "current" + file (see the :n and :p commands below) from the list of files + in the command line is re‐examined. A percent sign (%) in the + filename is replaced by the name of the current file. A pound + sign (#) is replaced by the name of the previously examined + file. However, two consecutive percent signs are simply re‐ + placed with a single percent sign. This allows you to enter a + filename that contains a percent sign in the name. Similarly, + two consecutive pound signs are replaced with a single pound + sign. The filename is inserted into the command line list of + files so that it can be seen by subsequent :n and :p commands. If the filename consists of several files, they are all inserted - into the list of files and the first one is examined. If the + into the list of files and the first one is examined. If the filename contains one or more spaces, the entire filename should be enclosed in double quotes (also see the -" option). ^X^V or E - Same as :e. Warning: some systems use ^V as a special literal‐ - ization character. On such systems, you may not be able to use + Same as :e. Warning: some systems use ^V as a special literal‐ + ization character. On such systems, you may not be able to use ^V. - :n Examine the next file (from the list of files given in the com‐ - mand line). If a number N is specified, the N‐th next file is + :n Examine the next file (from the list of files given in the com‐ + mand line). If a number N is specified, the N‐th next file is examined. :p Examine the previous file in the command line list. If a number N is specified, the N‐th previous file is examined. - :x Examine the first file in the command line list. If a number N + :x Examine the first file in the command line list. If a number N is specified, the N‐th file in the list is examined. :d Remove the current file from the list of files. - t Go to the next tag, if there were more than one matches for the + t Go to the next tag, if there were more than one matches for the current tag. See the -t option for more details about tags. - T Go to the previous tag, if there were more than one matches for + T Go to the previous tag, if there were more than one matches for the current tag. ^O^N or ^On Search forward in the file for the N‐th next OSC 8 hyperlink. ^O^P or ^Op - Search backward in the file for the N‐th previous OSC 8 hyper‐ + Search backward in the file for the N‐th previous OSC 8 hyper‐ link. ^O^L or ^Ol Jump to the currently selected OSC 8 hyperlink. = or ^G or :f - Prints some information about the file being viewed, including - its name and the line number and byte offset of the bottom line - being displayed. If possible, it also prints the length of the - file, the number of lines in the file and the percent of the + Prints some information about the file being viewed, including + its name and the line number and byte offset of the bottom line + being displayed. If possible, it also prints the length of the + file, the number of lines in the file and the percent of the file above the last displayed line. - - Followed by one of the command line option letters (see OPTIONS - below), this will change the setting of that option and print a - message describing the new setting. If a ^P (CONTROL‐P) is en‐ - tered immediately after the dash, the setting of the option is - changed but no message is printed. If the option letter has a - numeric value (such as -b or -h), or a string value (such as -P - or -t), a new value may be entered after the option letter. If - no new value is entered, a message describing the current set‐ + - Followed by one of the command line option letters (see OPTIONS + below), this will change the setting of that option and print a + message describing the new setting. If a ^P (CONTROL‐P) is en‐ + tered immediately after the dash, the setting of the option is + changed but no message is printed. If the option letter has a + numeric value (such as -b or -h), or a string value (such as -P + or -t), a new value may be entered after the option letter. If + no new value is entered, a message describing the current set‐ ting is printed and nothing is changed. - -- Like the - command, but takes a long option name (see OPTIONS - below) rather than a single option letter. Press ENTER or RE‐ - TURN after typing the option name to change it. You can enter + -- Like the - command, but takes a long option name (see OPTIONS + below) rather than a single option letter. Press ENTER or RE‐ + TURN after typing the option name to change it. You can enter just the beginning of an option name, then press TAB to find all option names which begin with that string. A ^P immediately af‐ - ter the second dash suppresses printing of a message describing + ter the second dash suppresses printing of a message describing the new setting, as in the - command. -+ Followed by one of the command line option letters this will re‐ - set the option to its default setting and print a message de‐ - scribing the new setting. (The "-+[4mX[24m" command does the same - thing as "-+[4mX[24m" on the command line.) This does not work for + set the option to its default setting and print a message de‐ + scribing the new setting. (The "-+[4mX[24m" command does the same + thing as "-+[4mX[24m" on the command line.) This does not work for string‐valued options. - --+ Like the -+ command, but takes a long option name rather than a + --+ Like the -+ command, but takes a long option name rather than a single option letter. - -! Followed by one of the command line option letters, this will - reset the option to the "opposite" of its default setting and - print a message describing the new setting. This does not work + -! Followed by one of the command line option letters, this will + reset the option to the "opposite" of its default setting and + print a message describing the new setting. This does not work for numeric or string‐valued options. - --! Like the -! command, but takes a long option name rather than a + --! Like the -! command, but takes a long option name rather than a single option letter. - _ (Underscore.) Followed by one of the command line option let‐ - ters, this will print a message describing the current setting + _ (Underscore.) Followed by one of the command line option let‐ + ters, this will print a message describing the current setting of that option. The setting of the option is not changed. __ (Double underscore.) Like the _ (underscore) command, but takes a long option name rather than a single option letter. You must press ENTER or RETURN after typing the option name. - +cmd Causes the specified cmd to be executed each time a new file is + +cmd Causes the specified cmd to be executed each time a new file is examined. For example, +G causes [1mless [22mto initially display each file starting at the end rather than the beginning. @@ -461,124 +463,124 @@ The following seven commands may or may not be valid, depending on your particular installation. - v Invokes an editor to edit the current file being viewed. The + v Invokes an editor to edit the current file being viewed. The editor is taken from the environment variable VISUAL if defined, - or EDITOR if VISUAL is not defined, or defaults to "vi" if nei‐ - ther VISUAL nor EDITOR is defined. See also the discussion of + or EDITOR if VISUAL is not defined, or defaults to "vi" if nei‐ + ther VISUAL nor EDITOR is defined. See also the discussion of LESSEDIT under the section on PROMPTS below. ! shell‐command - Invokes a shell to run the shell‐command given. A percent sign - (%) in the command is replaced by the name of the current file. + Invokes a shell to run the shell‐command given. A percent sign + (%) in the command is replaced by the name of the current file. A pound sign (#) is replaced by the name of the previously exam‐ - ined file. "!!" repeats the last shell command. "!" with no + ined file. "!!" repeats the last shell command. "!" with no shell command invokes an interactive shell. If a ^P (CONTROL‐P) is entered immediately after the !, no "done" message is printed after the shell command is executed. On Unix systems, the shell - is taken from the environment variable SHELL, or defaults to - "sh". On MS‐DOS, Windows, and OS/2 systems, the shell is the + is taken from the environment variable SHELL, or defaults to + "sh". On MS‐DOS, Windows, and OS/2 systems, the shell is the normal command processor. # shell‐command - Similar to the "!" command, except that the command is expanded + Similar to the "!" command, except that the command is expanded in the same way as prompt strings. For example, the name of the current file would be given as "%f". | <m> shell‐command - <m> represents any mark letter. Pipes a section of the input - file to the given shell command. The section of the file to be - piped is between the position marked by the letter and the cur‐ - rent screen. The entire current screen is included, regardless - of whether the marked position is before or after the current - screen. <m> may also be ^ or $ to indicate beginning or end of - file respectively. If <m> is . or newline, the current screen - is piped. If a ^P (CONTROL‐P) is entered immediately after the - mark letter, no "done" message is printed after the shell com‐ + <m> represents any mark letter. Pipes a section of the input + file to the given shell command. The section of the file to be + piped is between the position marked by the letter and the cur‐ + rent screen. The entire current screen is included, regardless + of whether the marked position is before or after the current + screen. <m> may also be ^ or $ to indicate beginning or end of + file respectively. If <m> is . or newline, the current screen + is piped. If a ^P (CONTROL‐P) is entered immediately after the + mark letter, no "done" message is printed after the shell com‐ mand is executed. s filename - Save the input to a file. This works only if the input is a + Save the input to a file. This works only if the input is a pipe, not an ordinary file. ^O^O - Run a shell command to open the URI in the current OSC 8 hyper‐ - link, selected by a previous ^O^N or ^O^P command. To find the + Run a shell command to open the URI in the current OSC 8 hyper‐ + link, selected by a previous ^O^N or ^O^P command. To find the shell command, the environment variable named "LESS_OSC8_xxx" is - read, where "xxx" is the scheme from the URI (the part before - the first colon), or is empty if there is no colon in the URI. - The value of the environment variable is then expanded in the - same way as prompt strings (in particular, any instance of "%o" - is replaced with the URI) to produce an OSC 8 "handler" shell - command. The standard output from the handler is an "opener" + read, where "xxx" is the scheme from the URI (the part before + the first colon), or is empty if there is no colon in the URI. + The value of the environment variable is then expanded in the + same way as prompt strings (in particular, any instance of "%o" + is replaced with the URI) to produce an OSC 8 "handler" shell + command. The standard output from the handler is an "opener" shell command which is then executed to open the URI. There are two special cases: - 1. If the URI begins with "#", the remainder of the - URI is taken to be the value of the id parameter - in another OSC 8 link in the same file, and ^O^O + 1. If the URI begins with "#", the remainder of the + URI is taken to be the value of the id parameter + in another OSC 8 link in the same file, and ^O^O will simply jump to that link. 2. If the opener begins with the characters ":e" fol‐ - lowed by whitespace and a filename, then instead - of running the opener as a shell command, the - specified filename is opened in the current in‐ + lowed by whitespace and a filename, then instead + of running the opener as a shell command, the + specified filename is opened in the current in‐ stance of [1mless[22m. - In a simple case where the opener accepts the complete URI as a + In a simple case where the opener accepts the complete URI as a command line parameter, the handler may be as simple as echo mybrowser ’%o’ - In other cases, the URI may need to be modified, so the handler + In other cases, the URI may need to be modified, so the handler may have to do some manipulation of the %o value. - If the LESS_OSC8_xxx variable is not set, the variable - LESS_OSC8_ANY is tried. If neither LESS_OSC8_xxx nor - LESS_OSC8_ANY is set, links using the "xxx" scheme cannot be - opened. However, there are default handlers for the schemes + If the LESS_OSC8_xxx variable is not set, the variable + LESS_OSC8_ANY is tried. If neither LESS_OSC8_xxx nor + LESS_OSC8_ANY is set, links using the "xxx" scheme cannot be + opened. However, there are default handlers for the schemes "man" (used when LESS_OSC8_man is not set) and "file" (used when - LESS_OSC8_file is not set), which should work on systems which - provide the [1msed[22m(1) command and a shell with syntax compatible - with the Bourne shell [1msh[22m(1). If you use LESS_OSC8_ANY to over‐ + LESS_OSC8_file is not set), which should work on systems which + provide the [1msed[22m(1) command and a shell with syntax compatible + with the Bourne shell [1msh[22m(1). If you use LESS_OSC8_ANY to over‐ ride LESS_OSC8_file, you must set LESS_OSC8_file to "‐" to indi‐ cate that the default value should not be used, and likewise for LESS_OSC8_man. - The URI passed to an OSC8 handler via %o is guaranteed not to - contain any single quote or double quote characters, but it may - contain any other shell metacharacters such as semicolons, dol‐ + The URI passed to an OSC8 handler via %o is guaranteed not to + contain any single quote or double quote characters, but it may + contain any other shell metacharacters such as semicolons, dol‐ lar signs, ampersands, etc. The handler should take care to ap‐ - propriately quote parameters in the opener command, to prevent - execution of unintended shell commands in the case of opening a - URI which contains shell metacharacters. Also, since the han‐ - dler command is expanded like a command prompt, any metacharac‐ - ters interpreted by prompt expansion (such as percent, dot, - colon, backslash, etc.) must be escaped with a backslash (see + propriately quote parameters in the opener command, to prevent + execution of unintended shell commands in the case of opening a + URI which contains shell metacharacters. Also, since the han‐ + dler command is expanded like a command prompt, any metacharac‐ + ters interpreted by prompt expansion (such as percent, dot, + colon, backslash, etc.) must be escaped with a backslash (see the PROMPTS section for details). - ^X When the "Waiting for data" message is displayed, such as while - in the F command, pressing ^X will stop [1mless [22mfrom waiting and - return to a prompt. This may cause [1mless [22mto think that the file - ends at the current position, so it may be necessary to use the - R or F command to see more data. The --intr option can be used - to specify a different character to use instead of ^X. This + ^X When the "Waiting for data" message is displayed, such as while + in the F command, pressing ^X will stop [1mless [22mfrom waiting and + return to a prompt. This may cause [1mless [22mto think that the file + ends at the current position, so it may be necessary to use the + R or F command to see more data. The --intr option can be used + to specify a different character to use instead of ^X. This command works only on systems that support the [1mpoll[22m(2) function. On systems without [1mpoll[22m(2), the interrupt character (usually ^C) can be used instead. [1mOPTIONS[0m - Command line options are described below. Most options may be changed + Command line options are described below. Most options may be changed while [1mless [22mis running, via the "-" command. - Some options may be given in one of two forms: either a dash followed - by a single letter, or two dashes followed by a long option name. A - long option name may be abbreviated as long as the abbreviation is un‐ - ambiguous. For example, --mouse may be abbreviated --mou, but not - --mo, since both --mouse and --modelines begin with --mo. Some long - option names are in uppercase, such as --QUIT‐AT‐EOF, as distinct from - --quit‐at‐eof. Such option names need only have their first letter - capitalized; the remainder of the name may be in either case. For ex‐ + Some options may be given in one of two forms: either a dash followed + by a single letter, or two dashes followed by a long option name. A + long option name may be abbreviated as long as the abbreviation is un‐ + ambiguous. For example, --mouse may be abbreviated --mou, but not + --mo, since both --mouse and --modelines begin with --mo. Some long + option names are in uppercase, such as --QUIT‐AT‐EOF, as distinct from + --quit‐at‐eof. Such option names need only have their first letter + capitalized; the remainder of the name may be in either case. For ex‐ ample, --Quit‐at‐eof is equivalent to --QUIT‐AT‐EOF. Options are also taken from the environment variable "LESS". For exam‐ @@ -591,77 +593,77 @@ LESS="-options"; export LESS - On MS‐DOS and Windows, you don’t need the quotes, but you should be - careful that any percent signs in the options string are not inter‐ + On MS‐DOS and Windows, you don’t need the quotes, but you should be + careful that any percent signs in the options string are not inter‐ preted as an environment variable expansion. - The environment variable is parsed before the command line, so command - line options override the LESS environment variable. If an option ap‐ + The environment variable is parsed before the command line, so command + line options override the LESS environment variable. If an option ap‐ pears in the LESS variable, it can be reset to its default value on the command line by beginning the command line option with "-+". - Some options like -k or -D require a string to follow the option let‐ - ter. The string for that option is considered to end when a dollar + Some options like -k or -D require a string to follow the option let‐ + ter. The string for that option is considered to end when a dollar sign ($) is found. For example, you can set two -D options like this: LESS="Dnwb$Dsbw" - If the --use‐backslash option appears earlier in the options, then a - dollar sign or backslash may be included literally in an option string + If the --use‐backslash option appears earlier in the options, then a + dollar sign or backslash may be included literally in an option string by preceding it with a backslash. If the --use‐backslash option is not - in effect, then backslashes are not treated specially, and there is no + in effect, then backslashes are not treated specially, and there is no way to include a dollar sign in the option string. -? or --help - This option displays a summary of the commands accepted by [1mless[0m - (the same as the h command). (Depending on how your shell in‐ - terprets the question mark, it may be necessary to quote the + This option displays a summary of the commands accepted by [1mless[0m + (the same as the h command). (Depending on how your shell in‐ + terprets the question mark, it may be necessary to quote the question mark, thus: "-\?".) -a or --search‐skip‐screen - By default, forward searches start at the top of the displayed - screen and backwards searches start at the bottom of the dis‐ - played screen (except for repeated searches invoked by the n or - N commands, which start after or before the "target" line re‐ - spectively; see the -j option for more about the target line). - The -a option causes forward searches to instead start at the - bottom of the screen and backward searches to start at the top + By default, forward searches start at the top of the displayed + screen and backwards searches start at the bottom of the dis‐ + played screen (except for repeated searches invoked by the n or + N commands, which start after or before the "target" line re‐ + spectively; see the -j option for more about the target line). + The -a option causes forward searches to instead start at the + bottom of the screen and backward searches to start at the top of the screen, thus skipping all lines displayed on the screen. -A or --SEARCH‐SKIP‐SCREEN - Causes all forward searches (not just non‐repeated searches) to - start just after the target line, and all backward searches to - start just before the target line. Thus, forward searches will + Causes all forward searches (not just non‐repeated searches) to + start just after the target line, and all backward searches to + start just before the target line. Thus, forward searches will skip part of the displayed screen (from the first line up to and - including the target line). Similarly backwards searches will + including the target line). Similarly backwards searches will skip the displayed screen from the last line up to and including the target line. This was the default behavior in less versions prior to 441. -b[4mn[24m or --buffers=[4mn[0m - Specifies the amount of buffer space [1mless [22mwill use for each - file, in units of kilobytes (1024 bytes). By default 64 KB of - buffer space is used for each file (unless the file is a pipe; - see the -B option). The -b option specifies instead that [4mn[0m + Specifies the amount of buffer space [1mless [22mwill use for each + file, in units of kilobytes (1024 bytes). By default 64 KB of + buffer space is used for each file (unless the file is a pipe; + see the -B option). The -b option specifies instead that [4mn[0m kilobytes of buffer space should be used for each file. If [4mn[24m is - -1, buffer space is unlimited; that is, the entire file can be + -1, buffer space is unlimited; that is, the entire file can be read into memory. -B or --auto‐buffers By default, when data is read from a pipe, buffers are allocated automatically as needed. If a large amount of data is read from - the pipe, this can cause a large amount of memory to be allo‐ - cated. The -B option disables this automatic allocation of - buffers for pipes, so that only 64 KB (or the amount of space - specified by the -b option) is used for the pipe. Warning: use - of -B can result in erroneous display, since only the most re‐ + the pipe, this can cause a large amount of memory to be allo‐ + cated. The -B option disables this automatic allocation of + buffers for pipes, so that only 64 KB (or the amount of space + specified by the -b option) is used for the pipe. Warning: use + of -B can result in erroneous display, since only the most re‐ cently viewed part of the piped data is kept in memory; any ear‐ - lier data is lost. Lost characters are displayed as question + lier data is lost. Lost characters are displayed as question marks. -c or --clear‐screen - Causes full screen repaints to be painted from the top line - down. By default, full screen repaints are done by scrolling + Causes full screen repaints to be painted from the top line + down. By default, full screen repaints are done by scrolling from the bottom of the screen. -C or --CLEAR‐SCREEN @@ -669,13 +671,13 @@ -d or --dumb The -d option suppresses the error message normally displayed if - the terminal is dumb; that is, lacks some important capability, + the terminal is dumb; that is, lacks some important capability, such as the ability to clear the screen or scroll backward. The - -d option does not otherwise change the behavior of [1mless [22mon a + -d option does not otherwise change the behavior of [1mless [22mon a dumb terminal. -D[1mx[4m[22mcolor[24m or --color=[1mx[4m[22mcolor[0m - Changes the color of different parts of the displayed text. [1mx[0m + Changes the color of different parts of the displayed text. [1mx[0m is a single character which selects the type of text whose color is being set: @@ -699,7 +701,7 @@ W The highlight enabled via the -w option. - 1‐5 The text in a search result which matches the first + 1‐5 The text in a search result which matches the first through fifth parenthesized sub‐pattern. Sub‐pattern coloring works only if [1mless [22mis built with one of the reg‐ ular expression libraries [1mposix[22m, [1mpcre[22m, or [1mpcre2[22m. @@ -712,30 +714,30 @@ u Underlined text. - The uppercase letters and digits can be used only when the - --use‐color option is enabled. When text color is specified by - both an uppercase letter and a lowercase letter, the uppercase - letter takes precedence. For example, error messages are nor‐ - mally displayed as standout text. So if both "s" and "E" are - given a color, the "E" color applies to error messages, and the + The uppercase letters and digits can be used only when the + --use‐color option is enabled. When text color is specified by + both an uppercase letter and a lowercase letter, the uppercase + letter takes precedence. For example, error messages are nor‐ + mally displayed as standout text. So if both "s" and "E" are + given a color, the "E" color applies to error messages, and the "s" color applies to other standout text. The lowercase letters - refer to bold and underline text formed by overstriking with - backspaces (see the -U option) and to non‐content text (such as - line numbers and prompts), but not to text formatted using ANSI - escape sequences with the -R option (but see the note below for + refer to bold and underline text formed by overstriking with + backspaces (see the -U option) and to non‐content text (such as + line numbers and prompts), but not to text formatted using ANSI + escape sequences with the -R option (but see the note below for different behavior on Windows and MS‐DOS). - A lowercase letter may be followed by a + to indicate that the - normal format change and the specified color should both be + A lowercase letter may be followed by a + to indicate that the + normal format change and the specified color should both be used. For example, -Dug displays underlined text as green with‐ - out underlining; the green color has replaced the usual under‐ - line formatting. But -Du+g displays underlined text as both + out underlining; the green color has replaced the usual under‐ + line formatting. But -Du+g displays underlined text as both green and in underlined format. [4mcolor[24m is either a 4‐bit color string or an 8‐bit color string: - A 4‐bit color string is one or two characters, where the first - character specifies the foreground color and the second speci‐ + A 4‐bit color string is one or two characters, where the first + character specifies the foreground color and the second speci‐ fies the background color as follows: b Blue @@ -754,24 +756,24 @@ y Yellow - The corresponding uppercase letter denotes a brighter shade of - the color. For example, -DNGk displays line numbers as bright - green text on a black background, and -DEbR displays error mes‐ - sages as blue text on a bright red background. If either char‐ - acter is a "‐" or is omitted, the corresponding color is set to + The corresponding uppercase letter denotes a brighter shade of + the color. For example, -DNGk displays line numbers as bright + green text on a black background, and -DEbR displays error mes‐ + sages as blue text on a bright red background. If either char‐ + acter is a "‐" or is omitted, the corresponding color is set to that of normal text. - An 8‐bit color string is one or two decimal integers separated + An 8‐bit color string is one or two decimal integers separated by a dot, where the first integer specifies the foreground color - and the second specifies the background color. Each integer is - a value between 0 and 255 inclusive which selects a "CSI 38;5" + and the second specifies the background color. Each integer is + a value between 0 and 255 inclusive which selects a "CSI 38;5" color value (see - ⟨https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#SGR⟩). If ei‐ - ther integer is a "‐" or is omitted, the corresponding color is - set to that of normal text. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#SGR). If either + integer is a "‐" or is omitted, the corresponding color is set + to that of normal text. - A 4‐bit or 8‐bit color string may be followed by one or more of - the following characters to set text attributes in addition to + A 4‐bit or 8‐bit color string may be followed by one or more of + the following characters to set text attributes in addition to the color. s or ˜ Standout (reverse video) @@ -782,48 +784,48 @@ l or & Blinking - On MS‐DOS and Windows, the --color option behaves differently + On MS‐DOS and Windows, the --color option behaves differently from what is described above in these ways: • The bold (d and *) and blinking (l and &) text attributes at the end of a color string are not supported. - • Lowercase color selector letters refer to text formatted - by ANSI escape sequences with -R, in addition to over‐ + • Lowercase color selector letters refer to text formatted + by ANSI escape sequences with -R, in addition to over‐ struck and non‐content text (but see -Da). - • For historical reasons, when a lowercase color selector - letter is followed by a numeric color value, the number - is not interpreted as an "CSI 38;5" color value as de‐ - scribed above, but instead as a 4‐bit - CHAR_INFO.Attributes value, between 0 and 15 inclusive - (see ⟨https://learn.microsoft.com/en‐ - us/windows/console/char‐info‐str⟩). + • For historical reasons, when a lowercase color selector + letter is followed by a numeric color value, the number + is not interpreted as an "CSI 38;5" color value as de‐ + scribed above, but instead as a 4‐bit + CHAR_INFO.Attributes value, between 0 and 15 inclusive + (see https://learn.microsoft.com/en‐ + us/windows/console/char‐info‐str). To avoid confusion, it is recommended that the equivalent - letters rather than numbers be used after a lowercase + letters rather than numbers be used after a lowercase color selector on MS‐DOS/Windows. - • Numeric color values ("CSI 38;5" color) following an up‐ - percase color selector letter are not supported on sys‐ + • Numeric color values ("CSI 38;5" color) following an up‐ + percase color selector letter are not supported on sys‐ tems earlier than Windows 10. - • Only a limited set of ANSI escape sequences to set color - in the content work correctly. 4‐bit color sequences + • Only a limited set of ANSI escape sequences to set color + in the content work correctly. 4‐bit color sequences work, but "CSI 38;5" color sequences do not. • The -Da option makes the behavior of --color more similar to its behavior on non‐MS‐DOS/Windows systems by (1) mak‐ ing lowercase color selector letters not affect text for‐ - matted with ANSI escape sequences, and (2) allowing "CSI + matted with ANSI escape sequences, and (2) allowing "CSI 38;5" color sequences in the content work by passing them to the terminal (only on Windows 10 and later; on earlier Windows systems, such sequences do not work regardless of the setting of -Da). -e or --quit‐at‐eof - Causes [1mless [22mto automatically exit the second time it reaches - end‐of‐file. By default, the only way to exit [1mless [22mis via the + Causes [1mless [22mto automatically exit the second time it reaches + end‐of‐file. By default, the only way to exit [1mless [22mis via the "q" command. -E or --QUIT‐AT‐EOF @@ -832,139 +834,139 @@ -f or --force Forces non‐regular files to be opened. (A non‐regular file is a - directory or a device special file.) Also suppresses the warn‐ + directory or a device special file.) Also suppresses the warn‐ ing message when a binary file is opened. By default, [1mless [22mwill refuse to open non‐regular files. Note that some operating sys‐ tems will not allow directories to be read, even if -f is set. -F or --quit‐if‐one‐screen Causes [1mless [22mto automatically exit if the entire file can be dis‐ - played on the first screen. Also see the description of the + played on the first screen. Also see the description of the LESS_SHELL_LINES environment variable below. -g or --hilite‐search - Normally, [1mless [22mwill highlight ALL strings which match the last - search command. The -g option changes this behavior to high‐ - light only the particular string which was found by the last + Normally, [1mless [22mwill highlight ALL strings which match the last + search command. The -g option changes this behavior to high‐ + light only the particular string which was found by the last search command. This can cause [1mless [22mto run somewhat faster than the default. -G or --HILITE‐SEARCH - The -G option suppresses all highlighting of strings found by + The -G option suppresses all highlighting of strings found by search commands. -h[4mn[24m or --max‐back‐scroll=[4mn[0m - Specifies a maximum number of lines to scroll backward. If it + Specifies a maximum number of lines to scroll backward. If it is necessary to scroll backward more than [4mn[24m lines, the screen is repainted in a forward direction instead. (If the terminal does not have the ability to scroll backward, -h0 is implied.) -i or --ignore‐case Causes searches to ignore case; that is, uppercase and lowercase - are considered identical. This option is ignored if any upper‐ - case letters appear in the search pattern; in other words, if a - pattern contains uppercase letters, then that search does not + are considered identical. This option is ignored if any upper‐ + case letters appear in the search pattern; in other words, if a + pattern contains uppercase letters, then that search does not ignore case. -I or --IGNORE‐CASE - Like -i, but searches ignore case even if the pattern contains + Like -i, but searches ignore case even if the pattern contains uppercase letters. -j[4mn[24m or --jump‐target=[4mn[0m - Specifies a line on the screen where the "target" line is to be - positioned. The target line is the line specified by any com‐ - mand to search for a pattern, jump to a line number, jump to a + Specifies a line on the screen where the "target" line is to be + positioned. The target line is the line specified by any com‐ + mand to search for a pattern, jump to a line number, jump to a file percentage or jump to a tag. The screen line may be speci‐ - fied by a number: the top line on the screen is 1, the next is + fied by a number: the top line on the screen is 1, the next is 2, and so on. The number may be negative to specify a line rel‐ ative to the bottom of the screen: the bottom line on the screen - is -1, the second to the bottom is -2, and so on. Alternately, - the screen line may be specified as a fraction of the height of - the screen, starting with a decimal point: .5 is in the middle - of the screen, .3 is three tenths down from the first line, and - so on. If the line is specified as a fraction, the actual line - number is recalculated if the terminal window is resized. If - the --header option is used and the target line specified by -j + is -1, the second to the bottom is -2, and so on. Alternately, + the screen line may be specified as a fraction of the height of + the screen, starting with a decimal point: .5 is in the middle + of the screen, .3 is three tenths down from the first line, and + so on. If the line is specified as a fraction, the actual line + number is recalculated if the terminal window is resized. If + the --header option is used and the target line specified by -j would be obscured by the header, the target line is moved to the first line after the header. - If any form of the -j option is used, repeated forward searches - (invoked with "n" or "N") begin at the line immediately after - the target line, and repeated backward searches begin at the - target line, unless changed by -a or -A. For example, if "-j4" - is used, the target line is the fourth line on the screen, so + If any form of the -j option is used, repeated forward searches + (invoked with "n" or "N") begin at the line immediately after + the target line, and repeated backward searches begin at the + target line, unless changed by -a or -A. For example, if "-j4" + is used, the target line is the fourth line on the screen, so forward searches begin at the fifth line on the screen. However - nonrepeated searches (invoked with "/" or "?") always begin at + nonrepeated searches (invoked with "/" or "?") always begin at the start or end of the current screen respectively. -J or --status‐column - Displays a status column at the left edge of the screen. The + Displays a status column at the left edge of the screen. The character displayed in the status column may be one of: > The line is chopped with the -S option, and the text that - is chopped off beyond the right edge of the screen con‐ + is chopped off beyond the right edge of the screen con‐ tains a match for the current search. - < The line is horizontally shifted, and the text that is - shifted beyond the left side of the screen contains a + < The line is horizontally shifted, and the text that is + shifted beyond the left side of the screen contains a match for the current search. - = The line is both chopped and shifted, and there are + = The line is both chopped and shifted, and there are matches beyond both sides of the screen. - * There are matches in the visible part of the line but + * There are matches in the visible part of the line but none to the right or left of it. a‐z, A‐Z - The line has been marked with the corresponding letter + The line has been marked with the corresponding letter via the m or M command. -k[4mfilename[24m or --lesskey‐file=[4mfilename[0m Causes [1mless [22mto open and interpret the named file as a [1mlesskey[22m(1) - binary file. Multiple -k options may be specified. If the - LESSKEY or LESSKEY_SYSTEM environment variable is set, or if a + binary file. Multiple -k options may be specified. If the + LESSKEY or LESSKEY_SYSTEM environment variable is set, or if a lesskey file is found in a standard place (see KEY BINDINGS), it - is also used as a [1mlesskey [22mfile. Note the warning under + is also used as a [1mlesskey [22mfile. Note the warning under "--lesskey‐content" below. --lesskey‐src=[4mfilename[0m Causes [1mless [22mto open and interpret the named file as a [1mlesskey[22m(1) - source file. If the LESSKEYIN or LESSKEYIN_SYSTEM environment + source file. If the LESSKEYIN or LESSKEYIN_SYSTEM environment variable is set, or if a lesskey source file is found in a stan‐ - dard place (see KEY BINDINGS), it is also used as a lesskey - source file. Prior to version 582, the [1mlesskey [22mprogram needed - to be run to convert a lesskey [4msource[24m file to a lesskey [4mbinary[0m - file for [1mless [22mto use. Newer versions of [1mless [22mread the lesskey - source file directly and ignore the binary file if the source + dard place (see KEY BINDINGS), it is also used as a lesskey + source file. Prior to version 582, the [1mlesskey [22mprogram needed + to be run to convert a lesskey [4msource[24m file to a lesskey [4mbinary[0m + file for [1mless [22mto use. Newer versions of [1mless [22mread the lesskey + source file directly and ignore the binary file if the source file exists. Note the warning under "--lesskey‐content" below. --lesskey‐content=[4mtext[0m Causes [1mless [22mto interpret the specified text as the contents of a [1mlesskey[22m(1) source file. In the text, [1mlesskey [22mlines may be sepa‐ - rated by either newlines as usual, or by semicolons. A literal - semicolon may be represented by a backslash followed by a semi‐ + rated by either newlines as usual, or by semicolons. A literal + semicolon may be represented by a backslash followed by a semi‐ colon. Warning: certain environment variables such as LESS, LESSSECURE, - LESSCHARSET and others, which are used early in startup, cannot - be set in a file specified by a command line option (--lesskey, - --lesskey‐src or --lesskey‐content). When using a [1mlesskey [22mfile - to set environment variables, it is safer to use the default - lesskey file, or to specify the file using the LESSKEYIN or - LESSKEY_CONTENT environment variables rather than using a com‐ + LESSCHARSET and others, which are used early in startup, cannot + be set in a file specified by a command line option (--lesskey, + --lesskey‐src or --lesskey‐content). When using a [1mlesskey [22mfile + to set environment variables, it is safer to use the default + lesskey file, or to specify the file using the LESSKEYIN or + LESSKEY_CONTENT environment variables rather than using a com‐ mand line option. -K or --quit‐on‐intr - Causes [1mless [22mto exit immediately (with status 2) when an inter‐ - rupt character (usually ^C) is typed. Normally, an interrupt + Causes [1mless [22mto exit immediately (with status 2) when an inter‐ + rupt character (usually ^C) is typed. Normally, an interrupt character causes [1mless [22mto stop whatever it is doing and return to - its command prompt. Note that use of this option makes it im‐ + its command prompt. Note that use of this option makes it im‐ possible to return to the command prompt from the "F" command. -L or --no‐lessopen - Ignore the LESSOPEN environment variable (see the INPUT PRE‐ - PROCESSOR section below). This option can be set from within - [1mless[22m, but it will apply only to files opened subsequently, not + Ignore the LESSOPEN environment variable (see the INPUT PRE‐ + PROCESSOR section below). This option can be set from within + [1mless[22m, but it will apply only to files opened subsequently, not to the file which is currently open. -m or --long‐prompt @@ -975,118 +977,118 @@ Causes [1mless [22mto prompt even more verbosely than [1mmore[22m(1). -n or --line‐numbers - Suppresses line numbers. The default (to use line numbers) may - cause [1mless [22mto run more slowly in some cases, especially with a - very large input file. Using line numbers means: the line num‐ - ber will be displayed in the verbose prompt and in the = com‐ + Suppresses line numbers. The default (to use line numbers) may + cause [1mless [22mto run more slowly in some cases, especially with a + very large input file. Using line numbers means: the line num‐ + ber will be displayed in the verbose prompt and in the = com‐ mand, and the v command will pass the current line number to the editor (see also the discussion of LESSEDIT in PROMPTS below). -N or --LINE‐NUMBERS - Causes a line number to be displayed at the beginning of each + Causes a line number to be displayed at the beginning of each line in the display. -o[4mfilename[24m or --log‐file=[4mfilename[0m - Causes [1mless [22mto copy its input to the named file as it is being + Causes [1mless [22mto copy its input to the named file as it is being viewed. This applies only when the input file is a pipe, not an - ordinary file. If the file already exists, [1mless [22mwill ask for + ordinary file. If the file already exists, [1mless [22mwill ask for confirmation before overwriting it. -O[4mfilename[24m or --LOG‐FILE=[4mfilename[0m The -O option is like -o, but it will overwrite an existing file without asking for confirmation. - If no log file has been specified, the -o and -O options can be - used from within [1mless [22mto specify a log file. Without a file + If no log file has been specified, the -o and -O options can be + used from within [1mless [22mto specify a log file. Without a file name, they will simply report the name of the log file. The "s" command is equivalent to specifying -o from within [1mless[22m. -p[4mpattern[24m or --pattern=[4mpattern[0m - The -p option on the command line is equivalent to specifying - +/[4mpattern[24m; that is, it tells [1mless [22mto start at the first occur‐ + The -p option on the command line is equivalent to specifying + +/[4mpattern[24m; that is, it tells [1mless [22mto start at the first occur‐ rence of [4mpattern[24m in the file. -P[4mprompt[24m or --prompt=[4mprompt[0m - Provides a way to tailor the three prompt styles to your own + Provides a way to tailor the three prompt styles to your own preference. This option would normally be put in the LESS envi‐ ronment variable, rather than being typed in with each [1mless [22mcom‐ mand. Such an option must either be the last option in the LESS variable, or be terminated by a dollar sign. - -Ps followed by a string changes the default (short) prompt to + -Ps followed by a string changes the default (short) prompt to that string. -Pm changes the medium (-m) prompt. -PM changes the long (-M) prompt. -Ph changes the prompt for the help screen. -P= changes the message printed by the = command. - -Pw changes the message printed while waiting for data (in the + -Pw changes the message printed while waiting for data (in the "F" command). - All prompt strings consist of a sequence of letters and special + All prompt strings consist of a sequence of letters and special escape sequences. See the section on PROMPTS for more details. -q or --quiet or --silent - Causes moderately "quiet" operation: the terminal bell is not + Causes moderately "quiet" operation: the terminal bell is not rung if an attempt is made to scroll past the end of the file or before the beginning of the file. If the terminal has a "visual - bell", it is used instead. The bell will be rung on certain - other errors, such as typing an invalid character. The default + bell", it is used instead. The bell will be rung on certain + other errors, such as typing an invalid character. The default is to ring the terminal bell in all such cases. -Q or --QUIET or --SILENT - Causes totally "quiet" operation: the terminal bell is never - rung. If the terminal has a "visual bell", it is used in all + Causes totally "quiet" operation: the terminal bell is never + rung. If the terminal has a "visual bell", it is used in all cases where the terminal bell would have been rung. -r or --raw‐control‐chars Causes "raw" control characters to be displayed. The default is - to display control characters using the caret notation; for ex‐ - ample, a control‐A (octal 001) is displayed as "^A" (with some + to display control characters using the caret notation; for ex‐ + ample, a control‐A (octal 001) is displayed as "^A" (with some exceptions as described under the -U option). Warning: when the - -r option is used, [1mless [22mcannot keep track of the actual appear‐ - ance of the screen (since this depends on how the screen re‐ - sponds to each type of control character). Thus, various dis‐ - play problems may result, such as long lines being split in the + -r option is used, [1mless [22mcannot keep track of the actual appear‐ + ance of the screen (since this depends on how the screen re‐ + sponds to each type of control character). Thus, various dis‐ + play problems may result, such as long lines being split in the wrong place. USE OF THE -r OPTION IS DANGEROUS AND IS NOT RECOMMENDED. - The -r option can be set on the command line or via the - com‐ + The -r option can be set on the command line or via the - com‐ mand, but to avoid unintentional use, it cannot be set in a LESS environment variable. If -r appears in a LESS environment vari‐ able, it is treated as if it were -R. -R or --RAW‐CONTROL‐CHARS - Like -r, but only a limited set of escape sequences are output - in "raw" form. Unlike -r, the screen appearance is maintained + Like -r, but only a limited set of escape sequences are output + in "raw" form. Unlike -r, the screen appearance is maintained correctly. The sequences which are output raw are: 1. ANSI SGR ("color") sequences 2. OSC 8 hyperlinks - 3. Other OSC sequences, if the OSC type number is listed in the + 3. Other OSC sequences, if the OSC type number is listed in the LESSANSIOSCALLOW environment variable 4. OSC sequences starting with a non‐standard introductory char‐ - acter (that is, something other than "]"), if the character is - listed in the LESSANSIOSCCHARS environment variable followed by + acter (that is, something other than "]"), if the character is + listed in the LESSANSIOSCCHARS environment variable followed by an asterisk ANSI color escape sequences are sequences of the form: ESC [ ... m - where the "..." is zero or more color specification characters. - Color escape sequences are only supported when the color is - changed within one line, not across lines. In other words, the - beginning of each line is assumed to be normal (non‐colored), + where the "..." is zero or more color specification characters. + Color escape sequences are only supported when the color is + changed within one line, not across lines. In other words, the + beginning of each line is assumed to be normal (non‐colored), regardless of any escape sequences in previous lines. - You can make [1mless [22mthink that characters other than "m" can end - ANSI color escape sequences by setting the environment variable + You can make [1mless [22mthink that characters other than "m" can end + ANSI color escape sequences by setting the environment variable LESSANSIENDCHARS to the list of characters which can end a color - escape sequence. And you can make [1mless [22mthink that characters - other than the standard ones may appear between the ESC and the - m by setting the environment variable LESSANSIMIDCHARS to the + escape sequence. And you can make [1mless [22mthink that characters + other than the standard ones may appear between the ESC and the + m by setting the environment variable LESSANSIMIDCHARS to the list of characters which can appear. OSC sequences are of the form: @@ -1098,51 +1100,51 @@ two‐character sequence "ESC \". -s or --squeeze‐blank‐lines - Causes consecutive blank lines to be squeezed into a single + Causes consecutive blank lines to be squeezed into a single blank line. This is useful when viewing [1mnroff[22m(1) output. -S or --chop‐long‐lines - Causes lines longer than the screen width to be chopped (trun‐ + Causes lines longer than the screen width to be chopped (trun‐ cated) rather than wrapped. That is, the portion of a long line that does not fit in the screen width is not displayed until you - press RIGHT‐ARROW. The default is to wrap long lines; that is, + press RIGHT‐ARROW. The default is to wrap long lines; that is, display the remainder on the next line. See also the --wordwrap - option. While the --header option is active, the -S option is + option. While the --header option is active, the -S option is ignored, and lines longer than the screen width are truncated. -t[4mtag[24m or --tag=[4mtag[0m The -t option, followed immediately by a TAG, will edit the file - containing that tag. For this to work, tag information must be - available; for example, there may be a file in the current di‐ + containing that tag. For this to work, tag information must be + available; for example, there may be a file in the current di‐ rectory called "tags", which was previously built by [1mctags[22m(1) or an equivalent command. If the environment variable LESSGLOBALT‐ - AGS is set, it is taken to be the name of a command compatible - with [1mglobal[22m(1), and that command is executed to find the tag. - (See ⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/global/global.html⟩). The -t - option may also be specified from within [1mless [22m(using the - com‐ - mand) as a way of examining a new file. The command ":t" is + AGS is set, it is taken to be the name of a command compatible + with [1mglobal[22m(1), and that command is executed to find the tag. + (See http://www.gnu.org/software/global/global.html). The -t + option may also be specified from within [1mless [22m(using the - com‐ + mand) as a way of examining a new file. The command ":t" is equivalent to specifying -t from within [1mless[22m. -T[4mtagsfile[24m or --tag‐file=[4mtagsfile[0m Specifies a tags file to be used instead of "tags". -u or --underline‐special - Causes backspaces and carriage returns to be treated as print‐ - able characters; that is, they are sent to the terminal when + Causes backspaces and carriage returns to be treated as print‐ + able characters; that is, they are sent to the terminal when they appear in the input. -U or --UNDERLINE‐SPECIAL - Causes backspaces, tabs, carriage returns and "formatting char‐ + Causes backspaces, tabs, carriage returns and "formatting char‐ acters" (as defined by Unicode) to be treated as control charac‐ ters; that is, they are handled as specified by the -r option. - By default, if neither -u nor -U is given, backspaces which ap‐ - pear adjacent to an underscore character are treated specially: - the underlined text is displayed using the terminal’s hardware - underlining capability. Also, backspaces which appear between - two identical characters are treated specially: the overstruck - text is printed using the terminal’s hardware boldface capabil‐ - ity. Other backspaces are deleted, along with the preceding + By default, if neither -u nor -U is given, backspaces which ap‐ + pear adjacent to an underscore character are treated specially: + the underlined text is displayed using the terminal’s hardware + underlining capability. Also, backspaces which appear between + two identical characters are treated specially: the overstruck + text is printed using the terminal’s hardware boldface capabili‐ + ty. Other backspaces are deleted, along with the preceding character. Carriage returns immediately followed by a newline are deleted. Other carriage returns are handled as specified by the -r option. Unicode formatting characters, such as the Byte @@ -1232,6 +1234,13 @@ fied as a fraction, the actual number of scroll positions is re‐ calculated if the terminal window is resized. + --cmd=[4mcommands[0m + The specified string is taken to be an initial command to [1mless[22m. + This is similar to specifying "+[4mcommands[24m", except that commands + specified by --cmd are not executed if [1mless [22mexits immediately + due to the use of the -E or -F option, while commands specified + by the [1m+ [22moption are executed even if [1mless [22mexits immediately. + --exit‐follow‐on‐close When using the "F" command on a pipe, [1mless [22mwill automatically stop waiting for more data when the input side of the pipe is @@ -1265,90 +1274,90 @@ screen. The number of header lines is set to [4mL[24m. If [4mL[24m is 0, header lines are disabled. If [4mL[24m is empty or missing, the number of header lines is unchanged. The number of header columns is - set to [4mC[24m. If [4mC[24m is 0, header columns are disabled. If [4mC[24m is - empty or missing, the number of header columns is unchanged. - The first header line is set to line number [4mN[24m in the file. If [4mN[0m - is empty or missing, it is taken to be the number of the line - currently displayed in the first line of the screen (if the - --header command has been issued from within [1mless[22m), or 1 (if the + set to [4mC[24m. If [4mC[24m is 0, header columns are disabled. If [4mC[24m is emp‐ + ty or missing, the number of header columns is unchanged. The + first header line is set to line number [4mN[24m in the file. If [4mN[24m is + empty or missing, it is taken to be the number of the line cur‐ + rently displayed in the first line of the screen (if the --head‐ + er command has been issued from within [1mless[22m), or 1 (if the --header option has been given on the command line). The spe‐ cial form "--header=-" disables header lines and header columns, and is equivalent to "--header=0,0". When [4mL[24m is nonzero, the first [4mL[24m lines at the top of the screen are replaced with the [4mL[24m lines of the file beginning at line [4mN[24m, - regardless of what part of the file is being viewed. When - header lines are displayed, any file contents before the header - line cannot be viewed. When [4mC[24m is nonzero, the first [4mC[24m charac‐ - ters displayed at the beginning of each line are replaced with - the first [4mC[24m characters of the line, even if the rest of the line - is scrolled horizontally. - - While the --header option is active, lines longer than the + regardless of what part of the file is being viewed. When head‐ + er lines are displayed, any file contents before the header line + cannot be viewed. When [4mC[24m is nonzero, the first [4mC[24m characters + displayed at the beginning of each line are replaced with the + first [4mC[24m characters of the line, even if the rest of the line is + scrolled horizontally. + + While the --header option is active, lines longer than the screen width are truncated, and the -S option is ignored. --incsearch - Subsequent search commands will be "incremental"; that is, [1mless[0m - will advance to the next line containing the search pattern as + Subsequent search commands will be "incremental"; that is, [1mless[0m + will advance to the next line containing the search pattern as each character of the pattern is typed in. --intr=[4mc[0m - Use the character [4mc[24m instead of ^X to interrupt a read when the - "Waiting for data" message is displayed. [4mc[24m must be an ASCII - character; that is, one with a value between 1 and 127 inclu‐ - sive. A caret followed by a single character can be used to + Use the character [4mc[24m instead of ^X to interrupt a read when the + "Waiting for data" message is displayed. [4mc[24m must be an ASCII + character; that is, one with a value between 1 and 127 inclu‐ + sive. A caret followed by a single character can be used to specify a control character. --line‐num‐width=[4mn[0m - Sets the minimum width of the line number field when the -N op‐ + Sets the minimum width of the line number field when the -N op‐ tion is in effect to [4mn[24m characters. The default is 7. --match‐shift=[4mn[0m - When -S is in effect, if a search match is not visible because - it is shifted to the left or right of the currently visible - screen, the text will horizontally shift to ensure that the - search match is visible. This option selects the column in + When -S is in effect, if a search match is not visible because + it is shifted to the left or right of the currently visible + screen, the text will horizontally shift to ensure that the + search match is visible. This option selects the column in which the first character of the search match will be placed af‐ ter the shift. In other words, there will be [4mn[24m characters visi‐ ble to the left of the search match. - Alternately, the number may be specified as a fraction of the - width of the screen, starting with a decimal point: .5 is half + Alternately, the number may be specified as a fraction of the + width of the screen, starting with a decimal point: .5 is half of the screen width, .3 is three tenths of the screen width, and - so on. If the number is specified as a fraction, the actual - number of scroll positions is recalculated if the terminal win‐ + so on. If the number is specified as a fraction, the actual + number of scroll positions is recalculated if the terminal win‐ dow is resized. --modelines=[4mn[0m - Before displaying a file, [1mless [22mwill read the first [4mn[24m lines to - try to find a vim‐compatible [4mmodeline[24m. If [4mn[24m is zero, [1mless [22mdoes + Before displaying a file, [1mless [22mwill read the first [4mn[24m lines to + try to find a vim‐compatible [4mmodeline[24m. If [4mn[24m is zero, [1mless [22mdoes not try to find modelines. By using a modeline, the file itself can specify the tab stops that should be used when viewing it. A modeline contains, anywhere in the line, a program name ("vi", - "vim", "ex", or "less"), followed by a colon, possibly followed - by the word "set", and finally followed by zero or more option - settings. If the word "set" is used, option settings are sepa‐ - rated by spaces, and end at the first colon. If the word "set" - is not used, option settings may be separated by either spaces - or colons. The word "set" is required if the program name is - "less" but optional if any of the other three names are used. + "vim", "ex", or "less"), followed by a colon, possibly followed + by the word "set", and finally followed by zero or more option + settings. If the word "set" is used, option settings are sepa‐ + rated by spaces, and end at the first colon. If the word "set" + is not used, option settings may be separated by either spaces + or colons. The word "set" is required if the program name is + "less" but optional if any of the other three names are used. If any option setting is of the form "tabstop=[4mn[24m" or "ts=[4mn[24m", then - tab stops are automatically set as if --tabs=[4mn[24m had been given. + tab stops are automatically set as if --tabs=[4mn[24m had been given. See the --tabs description for acceptable values of [4mn[24m. --mouse - Enables mouse input: scrolling the mouse wheel down moves for‐ - ward in the file, scrolling the mouse wheel up moves backwards - in the file, left‐click sets the "#" mark to the line where the - mouse is clicked, and right‐click (or any other) returns to the - "#" mark position. Holding down the left button and dragging - also moves in the file. If a left‐click is performed with the + Enables mouse input: scrolling the mouse wheel down moves for‐ + ward in the file, scrolling the mouse wheel up moves backwards + in the file, left‐click sets the "#" mark to the line where the + mouse is clicked, and right‐click (or any other) returns to the + "#" mark position. Holding down the left button and dragging + also moves in the file. If a left‐click is performed with the mouse cursor on an OSC 8 hyperlink, the hyperlink is selected as - if by the ^O^N command. If a left‐click is performed with the - mouse cursor on an OSC 8 hyperlink which is already selected, - the hyperlink is opened as if by the ^O^O command. The number - of lines to scroll when the wheel is moved can be set by the + if by the ^O^N command. If a left‐click is performed with the + mouse cursor on an OSC 8 hyperlink which is already selected, + the hyperlink is opened as if by the ^O^O command. The number + of lines to scroll when the wheel is moved can be set by the --wheel‐lines option. Mouse input works only on terminals which support X11 mouse reporting, and on the Windows version of [1mless[22m. @@ -1358,37 +1367,37 @@ --no‐edit‐warn Don’t print a warning message when using the v command on a file - which was opened using a LESSOPEN preprocessor (see the INPUT + which was opened using a LESSOPEN preprocessor (see the INPUT PREPROCESSOR section below). --no‐keypad - Disables sending the keypad initialization and deinitialization + Disables sending the keypad initialization and deinitialization strings to the terminal. This is sometimes useful if the keypad strings make the numeric keypad behave in an undesirable manner. --no‐histdups - This option changes the behavior so that if a search string or - file name is typed in, and the same string is already in the + This option changes the behavior so that if a search string or + file name is typed in, and the same string is already in the history list, the existing copy is removed from the history list - before the new one is added. Thus, a given string will appear - only once in the history list. Normally, a string may appear + before the new one is added. Thus, a given string will appear + only once in the history list. Normally, a string may appear multiple times. --no‐number‐headers - Header lines (defined via the --header option) are not assigned + Header lines (defined via the --header option) are not assigned line numbers. Line number 1 is assigned to the first line after any header lines. --no‐paste If the terminal supports xterm‐compatible "bracketed paste", any - text pasted into [1mless [22mis ignored, except that one line of text - may be pasted into the command line at the bottom of the screen - (search strings, file names, etc). That is, the first newline - of text pasted into the command line and any text that follows + text pasted into [1mless [22mis ignored, except that one line of text + may be pasted into the command line at the bottom of the screen + (search strings, file names, etc). That is, the first newline + of text pasted into the command line and any text that follows it is ignored. --no‐search‐header‐lines - Searches do not include header lines, but still include header + Searches do not include header lines, but still include header columns. --no‐search‐header‐columns @@ -1402,68 +1411,68 @@ Disables the terminal’s visual bell. --proc‐backspace - If set, backspaces are handled as if neither the -u option nor + If set, backspaces are handled as if neither the -u option nor the -U option were set. That is, a backspace adjacent to an un‐ - derscore causes text to be displayed in underline mode, and a - backspace between identical characters cause text to be dis‐ - played in boldface mode. This option overrides the -u and -U - options, so that display of backspaces can be controlled sepa‐ + derscore causes text to be displayed in underline mode, and a + backspace between identical characters cause text to be dis‐ + played in boldface mode. This option overrides the -u and -U + options, so that display of backspaces can be controlled sepa‐ rate from tabs and carriage returns. If not set, backspace dis‐ play is controlled by the -u and -U options. --PROC‐BACKSPACE - If set, backspaces are handled as if the -U option were set; + If set, backspaces are handled as if the -U option were set; that is backspaces are treated as control characters. --proc‐return If set, carriage returns are handled as if neither the -u option - nor the -U option were set. That is, a carriage return immedi‐ + nor the -U option were set. That is, a carriage return immedi‐ ately before a newline is deleted. This option overrides the -u - and -U options, so that display of carriage returns can be con‐ - trolled separate from that of backspaces and tabs. If not set, + and -U options, so that display of carriage returns can be con‐ + trolled separate from that of backspaces and tabs. If not set, carriage return display is controlled by the -u and -U options. --PROC‐RETURN - If set, carriage returns are handled as if the -U option were + If set, carriage returns are handled as if the -U option were set; that is carriage returns are treated as control characters. --proc‐tab If set, tabs are handled as if the -U option were not set. That - is, tabs are expanded to spaces. This option overrides the -U - option, so that display of tabs can be controlled separate from - that of backspaces and carriage returns. If not set, tab dis‐ + is, tabs are expanded to spaces. This option overrides the -U + option, so that display of tabs can be controlled separate from + that of backspaces and carriage returns. If not set, tab dis‐ play is controlled by the -U option. --PROC‐TAB - If set, tabs are handled as if the -U option were set; that is + If set, tabs are handled as if the -U option were set; that is tabs are treated as control characters. --redraw‐on‐quit When quitting, after sending the terminal deinitialization string, redraws the entire last screen. On terminals whose ter‐ minal deinitialization string causes the terminal to switch from - an alternate screen, this makes the last screenful of the cur‐ + an alternate screen, this makes the last screenful of the cur‐ rent file remain visible after [1mless [22mhas quit. --rscroll=[4mc[0m - This option changes the character used to mark truncated lines. + This option changes the character used to mark truncated lines. It may begin with a two‐character attribute indicator like LESS‐ - BINFMT does. If there is no attribute indicator, standout is + BINFMT does. If there is no attribute indicator, standout is used. If set to "-", truncated lines are not marked. --save‐marks - Save marks in the history file, so marks are retained across + Save marks in the history file, so marks are retained across different invocations of [1mless[22m. --search‐options=[4m...[0m - Sets default search modifiers. The value is a string of one or + Sets default search modifiers. The value is a string of one or more of the characters E, F, K, N, R or W. Setting any of these - has the same effect as typing that control character at the be‐ + has the same effect as typing that control character at the be‐ ginning of every search pattern. For example, setting --search‐ - options=W is the same as typing ^W at the beginning of every - pattern. The value may also contain a digit between 1 and 5, + options=W is the same as typing ^W at the beginning of every + pattern. The value may also contain a digit between 1 and 5, which has the same effect as typing ^S followed by that digit at - the beginning of every search pattern. The value "‐" disables + the beginning of every search pattern. The value "‐" disables all default search modifiers. --show‐preproc‐errors @@ -1475,39 +1484,42 @@ fect. The default is 2 characters. --status‐line - If a line is marked, the entire line (rather than just the sta‐ - tus column) is highlighted. Also lines highlighted due to the + If a line is marked, the entire line (rather than just the sta‐ + tus column) is highlighted. Also lines highlighted due to the -w option will have the entire line highlighted. If --use‐color is set, the line is colored rather than highlighted. --use‐backslash - This option changes the interpretations of options which follow + This option changes the interpretations of options which follow this one. After the --use‐backslash option, any backslash in an - option string is removed and the following character is taken - literally. This allows a dollar sign to be included in option + option string is removed and the following character is taken + literally. This allows a dollar sign to be included in option strings. --use‐color - Enables colored text in various places. The -D option can be - used to change the colors. Colored text works only if the ter‐ - minal supports ANSI color escape sequences (as defined in - ⟨https://www.ecma‐international.org/publications‐and‐ - standards/standards/ecma‐48⟩). + Enables colored text in various places. The -D option can be + used to change the colors. Colored text works only if the ter‐ + minal supports ANSI color escape sequences (as defined in + https://www.ecma‐international.org/publications‐and‐ + standards/standards/ecma‐48). --wheel‐lines=[4mn[0m - Set the number of lines to scroll when the mouse wheel is - scrolled and the --mouse or --MOUSE option is in effect. The + Set the number of lines to scroll when the mouse wheel is + scrolled and the --mouse or --MOUSE option is in effect. The default is 1 line. --wordwrap - When the -S option is not in use, wrap each line at a space or - tab if possible, so that a word is not split between two lines. + When the -S option is not in use, wrap each line at a space or + tab if possible, so that a word is not split between two lines. The default is to wrap at any character. - -- A command line argument of "--" marks the end of option argu‐ - ments. Any arguments following this are interpreted as file‐ + -- A command line argument of "--" marks the end of option argu‐ + ments. Any arguments following this are interpreted as file‐ names. This can be useful when viewing a file whose name begins - with a "-" or "+". + with a "-" or "+". Otherwise, option arguments and filename ar‐ + guments can be intermixed; that is, option arguments do not need + to appear before filename arguments, unless the environment + variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is set. + If a command line option begins with [1m+[22m, the remainder of that option is taken to be an initial command to [1mless[22m. For example, @@ -1519,7 +1531,7 @@ If the option starts with ++, the initial command applies to every file being viewed, not just the first one. The + command described previously may also be used to set (or change) an ini‐ - tial command for every file. + tial command for every file. Also see the --cmd option. [1mLINE EDITING[0m When entering a command line at the bottom of the screen (for example, @@ -1758,7 +1770,7 @@ of the input pipe command. [1mNATIONAL CHARACTER SETS[0m - There are three types of characters in the input file: + There are five types of characters in the input file: normal characters can be displayed directly to the screen. @@ -1771,6 +1783,14 @@ should not be displayed directly and are not expected to be found in text files. + composing characters + are not displayed separately, but modify the display of the pre‐ + ceding character. (Only when LESSCHARSET is "utf8".) + + deleted characters + are simply deleted from the input and not displayed. (Only when + LESSCHARSET is "utf8".) + A "character set" is simply a description of which characters are to be considered normal, control, and binary. The LESSCHARSET environment variable may be used to select a character set. Possible values for @@ -1805,25 +1825,25 @@ utf‐8 Selects the UTF‐8 encoding of the ISO 10646 character set. UTF‐8 is special in that it supports multi‐byte characters in - the input file. It is the only character set that supports - multi‐byte characters. + the input file. It is the only character set that supports mul‐ + ti‐byte characters. windows - Selects a character set appropriate for Microsoft Windows (cp + Selects a character set appropriate for Microsoft Windows (cp 1252). - In rare cases, it may be desired to tailor [1mless [22mto use a character set - other than the ones definable by LESSCHARSET. In this case, the envi‐ + In rare cases, it may be desired to tailor [1mless [22mto use a character set + other than the ones definable by LESSCHARSET. In this case, the envi‐ ronment variable LESSCHARDEF can be used to define a character set. It should be set to a string where each character in the string represents - one character in the character set. The character "." is used for a - normal character, "c" for control, and "b" for binary. A decimal num‐ - ber may be used for repetition. For example, "bccc4b." would mean - character 0 is binary, 1, 2 and 3 are control, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are bi‐ - nary, and 8 is normal. All characters after the last are taken to be - the same as the last, so characters 9 through 255 would be normal. - (This is an example, and does not necessarily represent any real char‐ - acter set.) + one character in the character set. The character "." is used for a + normal character, "c" for control, and "b" for binary. A decimal num‐ + ber may be used for repetition. For example, "bccc4b." would mean + character 0 is binary, 1, 2 and 3 are control, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are bina‐ + ry, and 8 is normal. All characters after the last are taken to be the + same as the last, so characters 9 through 255 would be normal. (This + is an example, and does not necessarily represent any real character + set.) This table shows the value of LESSCHARDEF which is equivalent to each of the possible values for LESSCHARSET: @@ -1881,19 +1901,18 @@ When the character set is utf‐8, in rare cases it may be desirable to override the Unicode definition of the type of certain characters. For - example, characters in a Private Use Area are normally treated as con‐ - trol characters, but if you are using a custom font with printable - characters in that range, it may be desirable to tell [1mless [22mto treat - such characters as printable. This can be done by setting the LESSUT‐ - FCHARDEF environment variable to a comma‐separated list of [4mcharacter[0m - [4mtype[24m definitions. Each character type definition consists of either - one hexadecimal codepoint or a pair of codepoints separated by a dash, - followed by a colon and a type character. Each hexadecimal codepoint - may optionally be preceded by a "U" or "U+". If a pair of codepoints - is given, the type is set for all characters inclusively between the - two values. If there are multiple comma‐separated codepoint values, - they must be in ascending numerical order. The type character may be - one of: + example, characters in a Private Use Area are normally treated as bina‐ + ry characters, but if you are using a custom font with printable char‐ + acters in that range, it may be desirable to tell [1mless [22mto treat such + characters as printable. This can be done by setting the LESSUTFCHARD‐ + EF environment variable to a comma‐separated list of [4mcharacter[24m [4mtype[24m de‐ + finitions. Each character type definition consists of either one hexa‐ + decimal codepoint or a pair of codepoints separated by a dash, followed + by a colon and a type character. Each hexadecimal codepoint may op‐ + tionally be preceded by a "U" or "U+". If a pair of codepoints is giv‐ + en, the type is set for all characters inclusively between the two val‐ + ues. If there are multiple comma‐separated codepoint values, they must + be in ascending numerical order. The type character may be one of: p A normal printable character. @@ -1903,32 +1922,45 @@ c A composing (zero width) character. + d A deleted character (deleted from the input and not dis‐ + played). + For example, setting LESSUTFCHARDEF to E000‐F8FF:p,F0000‐FFFFD:p,100000‐10FFFD:p would make all Private Use Area characters be treated as printable. + By default, emoji modifiers, components and variation selectors are + deleted because many terminals do not display them correctly. If you + use a terminal which does display some or all of them correctly, you + can cause to be displayed by setting LESSUTFCHARDEF to treat them as + composing characters. For example, this sets them all to composing + characters: + + FE00‐FE0F:c,1F3FB‐1F3FF:c,1F9B0‐1F9B3:c,E0100‐E01EF:c + + [1mPROMPTS[0m - The -P option allows you to tailor the prompt to your preference. The - string given to the -P option replaces the specified prompt string. + The -P option allows you to tailor the prompt to your preference. The + string given to the -P option replaces the specified prompt string. Certain characters in the string are interpreted specially. The prompt - mechanism is rather complicated to provide flexibility, but the ordi‐ - nary user need not understand the details of constructing personalized + mechanism is rather complicated to provide flexibility, but the ordi‐ + nary user need not understand the details of constructing personalized prompt strings. - A percent sign followed by a single character is expanded according to - what the following character is. (References to the input file size + A percent sign followed by a single character is expanded according to + what the following character is. (References to the input file size below refer to the preprocessed size, if an input preprocessor is being used.) - %b[4mX[24m Replaced by the byte offset into the current input file. The b + %b[4mX[24m Replaced by the byte offset into the current input file. The b is followed by a single character (shown as [4mX[24m above) which spec‐ - ifies the line whose byte offset is to be used. If the charac‐ - ter is a "t", the byte offset of the top line in the display is + ifies the line whose byte offset is to be used. If the charac‐ + ter is a "t", the byte offset of the top line in the display is used, an "m" means use the middle line, a "b" means use the bot‐ - tom line, a "B" means use the line just after the bottom line, - and a "j" means use the "target" line, as specified by the -j + tom line, a "B" means use the line just after the bottom line, + and a "j" means use the "target" line, as specified by the -j option. %B Replaced by the size of the current input file. @@ -1936,54 +1968,54 @@ %c Replaced by the column number of the text appearing in the first column of the screen. - %d[4mX[24m Replaced by the page number of a line in the input file. The + %d[4mX[24m Replaced by the page number of a line in the input file. The line to be used is determined by the [4mX[24m, as with the %b option. - %D Replaced by the number of pages in the input file, or equiva‐ + %D Replaced by the number of pages in the input file, or equiva‐ lently, the page number of the last line in the input file. - %E Replaced by the name of the editor (from the VISUAL environment - variable, or the EDITOR environment variable if VISUAL is not + %E Replaced by the name of the editor (from the VISUAL environment + variable, or the EDITOR environment variable if VISUAL is not defined). See the discussion of the LESSEDIT feature below. %f Replaced by the name of the current input file. - %F Replaced by the last component of the name of the current input + %F Replaced by the last component of the name of the current input file. - %g Replaced by the shell‐escaped name of the current input file. - This is useful when the expanded string will be used in a shell + %g Replaced by the shell‐escaped name of the current input file. + This is useful when the expanded string will be used in a shell command, such as in LESSEDIT. - %i Replaced by the index of the current file in the list of input + %i Replaced by the index of the current file in the list of input files. - %l[4mX[24m Replaced by the line number of a line in the input file. The + %l[4mX[24m Replaced by the line number of a line in the input file. The line to be used is determined by the [4mX[24m, as with the %b option. %L Replaced by the line number of the last line in the input file. %m Replaced by the total number of input files. - %o Replaced by the URI of the currently selected OSC 8 hyperlink, + %o Replaced by the URI of the currently selected OSC 8 hyperlink, or a question mark if no hyperlink is selected. This is used by OSC 8 handlers as explained in the ^O^O command description. - %p[4mX[24m Replaced by the percent into the current input file, based on - byte offsets. The line used is determined by the [4mX[24m as with the + %p[4mX[24m Replaced by the percent into the current input file, based on + byte offsets. The line used is determined by the [4mX[24m as with the %b option. - %P[4mX[24m Replaced by the percent into the current input file, based on - line numbers. The line used is determined by the [4mX[24m as with the + %P[4mX[24m Replaced by the percent into the current input file, based on + line numbers. The line used is determined by the [4mX[24m as with the %b option. %s Same as %B. - %t Causes any trailing spaces to be removed. Usually used at the + %t Causes any trailing spaces to be removed. Usually used at the end of the string, but may appear anywhere. - %T Normally expands to the word "file". However if viewing files - via a tags list using the -t option, it expands to the word + %T Normally expands to the word "file". However if viewing files + via a tags list using the -t option, it expands to the word "tag". %x Replaced by the name of the next input file in the list. @@ -1991,15 +2023,15 @@ If any item is unknown (for example, the file size if input is a pipe), a question mark is printed instead. - The format of the prompt string can be changed depending on certain - conditions. A question mark followed by a single character acts like - an "IF": depending on the following character, a condition is evalu‐ - ated. If the condition is true, any characters following the question - mark and condition character, up to a period, are included in the - prompt. If the condition is false, such characters are not included. - A colon appearing between the question mark and the period can be used + The format of the prompt string can be changed depending on certain + conditions. A question mark followed by a single character acts like + an "IF": depending on the following character, a condition is evaluat‐ + ed. If the condition is true, any characters following the question + mark and condition character, up to a period, are included in the + prompt. If the condition is false, such characters are not included. + A colon appearing between the question mark and the period can be used to establish an "ELSE": any characters between the colon and the period - are included in the string if and only if the IF condition is false. + are included in the string if and only if the IF condition is false. Condition characters (which follow a question mark) may be: ?a True if any characters have been included in the prompt so far. @@ -2014,7 +2046,7 @@ ?e True if at end‐of‐file. - ?f True if there is an input filename (that is, if input is not a + ?f True if there is an input filename (that is, if input is not a pipe). ?l[4mX[24m True if the line number of the specified line is known. @@ -2025,45 +2057,45 @@ ?n True if this is the first prompt in a new input file. - ?p[4mX[24m True if the percent into the current input file, based on byte + ?p[4mX[24m True if the percent into the current input file, based on byte offsets, of the specified line is known. - ?P[4mX[24m True if the percent into the current input file, based on line + ?P[4mX[24m True if the percent into the current input file, based on line numbers, of the specified line is known. ?s Same as "?B". - ?x True if there is a next input file (that is, if the current in‐ + ?x True if there is a next input file (that is, if the current in‐ put file is not the last one). - Any characters other than the special ones (question mark, colon, pe‐ - riod, percent, and backslash) become literally part of the prompt. Any - of the special characters may be included in the prompt literally by + Any characters other than the special ones (question mark, colon, peri‐ + od, percent, and backslash) become literally part of the prompt. Any + of the special characters may be included in the prompt literally by preceding it with a backslash. Some examples: ?f%f:Standard input. - This prompt prints the filename, if known; otherwise the string "Stan‐ + This prompt prints the filename, if known; otherwise the string "Stan‐ dard input". ?f%f .?ltLine %lt:?pt%pt\%:?btByte %bt:‐... - This prompt would print the filename, if known. The filename is fol‐ - lowed by the line number, if known, otherwise the percent if known, + This prompt would print the filename, if known. The filename is fol‐ + lowed by the line number, if known, otherwise the percent if known, otherwise the byte offset if known. Otherwise, a dash is printed. No‐ - tice how each question mark has a matching period, and how the % after + tice how each question mark has a matching period, and how the % after the %pt is included literally by escaping it with a backslash. ?n?f%f .?m(%T %i of %m) ..?e(END) ?x‐ Next\: %x..%t - This prints the filename if this is the first prompt in a file, fol‐ - lowed by the "file N of N" message if there is more than one input - file. Then, if we are at end‐of‐file, the string "(END)" is printed - followed by the name of the next file, if there is one. Finally, any + This prints the filename if this is the first prompt in a file, fol‐ + lowed by the "file N of N" message if there is more than one input + file. Then, if we are at end‐of‐file, the string "(END)" is printed + followed by the name of the next file, if there is one. Finally, any trailing spaces are truncated. This is the default prompt. For refer‐ - ence, here are the defaults for the other two prompts (-m and -M re‐ + ence, here are the defaults for the other two prompts (-m and -M re‐ spectively). Each is broken into two lines here for readability only. ?n?f%f .?m(%T %i of %m) ..?e(END) ?x‐ Next\: %x.: @@ -2077,22 +2109,22 @@ ?f%f .?m(%T %i of %m) .?ltlines %lt‐%lb?L/%L. . byte %bB?s/%s. ?e(END) :?pB%pB\%..%t - The prompt expansion features are also used for another purpose: if an - environment variable LESSEDIT is defined, it is used as the command to - be executed when the v command is invoked. The LESSEDIT string is ex‐ - panded in the same way as the prompt strings. The default value for + The prompt expansion features are also used for another purpose: if an + environment variable LESSEDIT is defined, it is used as the command to + be executed when the v command is invoked. The LESSEDIT string is ex‐ + panded in the same way as the prompt strings. The default value for LESSEDIT is: %E ?lm+%lm. %g Note that this expands to the editor name, followed by a + and the line - number, followed by the shell‐escaped file name. If your editor does - not accept the "+linenumber" syntax, or has other differences in invo‐ - cation syntax, the LESSEDIT variable can be changed to modify this de‐ + number, followed by the shell‐escaped file name. If your editor does + not accept the "+linenumber" syntax, or has other differences in invo‐ + cation syntax, the LESSEDIT variable can be changed to modify this de‐ fault. [1mSECURITY[0m - When the environment variable LESSSECURE is set to 1, [1mless [22mruns in a + When the environment variable LESSSECURE is set to 1, [1mless [22mruns in a "secure" mode. In this mode, these features are disabled: edit the edit command (v) @@ -2120,66 +2152,66 @@ tags use of tags files (‐t) - The LESSSECURE_ALLOW environment variable can be set to a comma‐sepa‐ - rated list of names of features which are selectively enabled when + The LESSSECURE_ALLOW environment variable can be set to a comma‐sepa‐ + rated list of names of features which are selectively enabled when LESSSECURE is set. Each feature name is the first word in each line in - the above list. A feature name may be abbreviated as long as the ab‐ - breviation is unambiguous. For example, if LESSSECURE=1 and + the above list. A feature name may be abbreviated as long as the ab‐ + breviation is unambiguous. For example, if LESSSECURE=1 and LESSSECURE_ALLOW=hist,edit were set, all of the above features would be disabled except for history files and the edit command. - Less can also be compiled to be permanently in "secure" mode. In that + Less can also be compiled to be permanently in "secure" mode. In that case, the LESSSECURE and LESSSECURE_ALLOW variables are ignored. [1mCOMPATIBILITY WITH MORE[0m If the environment variable LESS_IS_MORE is set to 1, or if the program - is invoked via a file link named "more" and the environment variable + is invoked via a file link named "more" and the environment variable LESS_IS_MORE is not set to 0, [1mless [22mbehaves (mostly) in conformance with - the POSIX [1mmore[22m(1) command specification. In this mode, less behaves + the POSIX [1mmore[22m(1) command specification. In this mode, less behaves differently in these ways: The -e option works differently. If the -e option is not set, [1mless [22mbe‐ - haves as if the -e option were set. If the -e option is set, [1mless [22mbe‐ + haves as if the -e option were set. If the -e option is set, [1mless [22mbe‐ haves as if the -E option were set. - The -m option works differently. If the -m option is not set, the - medium prompt is used, and it is prefixed with the string "--More--". + The -m option works differently. If the -m option is not set, the + medium prompt is used, and it is prefixed with the string "--More--". If the -m option is set, the short prompt is used. - The -n option acts like the -z option. The normal behavior of the -n + The -n option acts like the -z option. The normal behavior of the -n option is unavailable in this mode. - The parameter to the -p option is taken to be a [1mless [22mcommand rather + The parameter to the -p option is taken to be a [1mless [22mcommand rather than a search pattern. - The LESS environment variable is ignored, and the MORE environment + The LESS environment variable is ignored, and the MORE environment variable is used in its place. [1mENVIRONMENT VARIABLES[0m Environment variables may be specified either in the system environment - as usual, or in a [1mlesskey[22m(1) file. If environment variables are de‐ + as usual, or in a [1mlesskey[22m(1) file. If environment variables are de‐ fined in more than one place, variables defined in a local lesskey file take precedence over variables defined in the system environment, which take precedence over variables defined in the system‐wide lesskey file. COLUMNS Sets the number of columns on the screen. Takes precedence over - the number of columns specified by the TERM variable. (But if + the number of columns specified by the TERM variable. (But if you have a windowing system which supports TIOCGWINSZ or - WIOCGETD, the window system’s idea of the screen size takes + WIOCGETD, the window system’s idea of the screen size takes precedence over the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables.) EDITOR The name of the editor (used for the v command). - HOME Name of the user’s home directory (used to find a lesskey file + HOME Name of the user’s home directory (used to find a lesskey file on Unix and OS/2 systems). HOMEDRIVE, HOMEPATH - Concatenation of the HOMEDRIVE and HOMEPATH environment vari‐ + Concatenation of the HOMEDRIVE and HOMEPATH environment vari‐ ables is the name of the user’s home directory if the HOME vari‐ able is not set (only in the Windows version). - INIT Name of the user’s init directory (used to find a lesskey file + INIT Name of the user’s init directory (used to find a lesskey file on OS/2 systems). LANG Language for determining the character set. @@ -2190,27 +2222,27 @@ LESS Options which are passed to [1mless [22mautomatically. LESSANSIENDCHARS - Characters which may end an ANSI color escape sequence (default + Characters which may end an ANSI color escape sequence (default "m"). LESSANSIMIDCHARS - Characters which may appear between the ESC character and the - end character in an ANSI color escape sequence (default + Characters which may appear between the ESC character and the + end character in an ANSI color escape sequence (default "0123456789:;[?!"'#%()*+ "). LESSANSIOSCALLOW A comma‐separated list of OSC types which are output directly to - the terminal when -R is in effect. By default, only OSC 8 se‐ - quences are output directly. + the terminal when -R is in effect (default "8"; that is, only + OSC 8 sequences are output directly). LESSANSIOSCCHARS - Characters which may follow an ESC character to mark the start - of an "OS Command" sequence. All characters that follow this - character up to a String Terminator (ESC‐backslash or BEL) are - considered to be part of the OSC sequence (default "]"). If a - character in LESSANSIOSCCHARS is followed by an asterisk, se‐ - quences that begin with that character in the file contents are - passed through to the terminal; otherwise only sequences that + Characters which may follow an ESC character to mark the start + of an "OS Command" sequence. All characters that follow this + character up to a String Terminator (ESC‐backslash or BEL) are + considered to be part of the OSC sequence (default "]"). If a + character in LESSANSIOSCCHARS is followed by an asterisk, se‐ + quences that begin with that character in the file contents are + passed through to the terminal; otherwise only sequences that appear in a prompt string are passed through. LESSBINFMT @@ -2227,21 +2259,21 @@ LESSECHO Name of the lessecho program (default "lessecho"). The lessecho - program is needed to expand metacharacters, such as * and ?, in + program is needed to expand metacharacters, such as * and ?, in filenames on Unix systems. LESSEDIT - Editor prototype string (used for the v command). See discus‐ + Editor prototype string (used for the v command). See discus‐ sion under PROMPTS. LESSGLOBALTAGS - Name of the command used by the -t option to find global tags. - Normally should be set to "global" if your system has the [1mglob‐[0m + Name of the command used by the -t option to find global tags. + Normally should be set to "global" if your system has the [1mglob‐[0m [1mal[22m(1) command. If not set, global tags are not used. LESSHISTFILE - Name of the history file used to remember search commands and - shell commands between invocations of [1mless[22m. If set to "-" or + Name of the history file used to remember search commands and + shell commands between invocations of [1mless[22m. If set to "-" or "/dev/null", a history file is not used. The default depends on the operating system, but is usually: @@ -2262,29 +2294,27 @@ Name of the default [4mlesskey[24m [4msource[24m file. LESSKEY - Name of the default [4mlesskey[24m [4mbinary[24m file. (Not used if + Name of the default [4mlesskey[24m [4mbinary[24m file. (Not used if "$LESSKEYIN" exists.) LESSKEY_CONTENT - The value is parsed as if it were the parameter of a --lesskey‐ + The value is parsed as if it were the parameter of a --lesskey‐ content option. LESSKEYIN_SYSTEM Name of the default system‐wide [4mlesskey[24m [4msource[24m file. LESSKEY_SYSTEM - Name of the default system‐wide [4mlesskey[24m [4mbinary[24m file. (Not used + Name of the default system‐wide [4mlesskey[24m [4mbinary[24m file. (Not used if "$LESSKEYIN_SYSTEM" exists.) LESSMETACHARS - List of characters which are considered "metacharacters" by the + List of characters which are considered "metacharacters" by the shell. LESSMETAESCAPE - Prefix which less will add before each metacharacter in a com‐ - mand sent to the shell. If LESSMETAESCAPE is an empty string, - commands containing metacharacters will not be passed to the - shell. + Prefix which less will add before each metacharacter in a com‐ + mand sent to the shell (default "\"). LESSOPEN Command line to invoke the (optional) input‐preprocessor. @@ -2293,12 +2323,12 @@ Runs less in "secure" mode. See discussion under SECURITY. LESSSECURE_ALLOW - Enables individual features which are normally disabled by + Enables individual features which are normally disabled by LESSSECURE. See discussion under SECURITY. LESSSEPARATOR - String to be appended to a directory name in filename comple‐ - tion. + String to be appended to a directory name in filename completion + (default "\" on MS‐DOS, Windows, and OS/2; otherwise "/"). LESSUTFBINFMT Format for displaying non‐printable Unicode code points. @@ -2357,27 +2387,58 @@ Where "xx" is any two characters, overrides the definition of the termcap "xx" capability for the terminal. + LESS_TERMCAP_BRACKETED_PASTE_START + Overrides the standard ANSI escape sequence to enable bracketed + paste. This is used when the --no‐paste option is in effect. + + LESS_TERMCAP_BRACKETED_PASTE_END + Overrides the standard ANSI escape sequence to disable bracketed + paste. + + LESS_TERMCAP_MOUSE_START + Overrides the standard ANSI escape sequence to enable mouse re‐ + porting. This is used when the --mouse option is in effect. + + LESS_TERMCAP_MOUSE_END + Overrides the standard ANSI escape sequence to disable mouse re‐ + porting. + + LESS_TERMCAP_SUSPEND + Defines an escape sequence to temporarily suspend screen up‐ + dates. This is sent to the terminal before clearing the screen. + This can be used to avoid screen tearing when the screen is re‐ + drawn on certain terminals. + + LESS_TERMCAP_RESUME + Defines an escape sequence to resume screen updates. This is + sent to the terminal after displaying the prompt. + LESS_UNSUPPORT - A space‐separated list of command line options. These options - will be ignored (with no error message) if they appear on the + A space‐separated list of command line options. These options + will be ignored (with no error message) if they appear on the command line or in the LESS environment variable. Options list‐ - ed in LESS_UNSUPPORT can still be changed by the - and -- com‐ - mands. Each option in LESS_UNSUPPORT is a dash followed by a + ed in LESS_UNSUPPORT can still be changed by the - and -- com‐ + mands. Each option in LESS_UNSUPPORT is a dash followed by a single character option letter, or two dashes followed by a long option name. - LINES Sets the number of lines on the screen. Takes precedence over + LINES Sets the number of lines on the screen. Takes precedence over the number of lines specified by the TERM variable. (But if you - have a windowing system which supports TIOCGWINSZ or WIOCGETD, - the window system’s idea of the screen size takes precedence + have a windowing system which supports TIOCGWINSZ or WIOCGETD, + the window system’s idea of the screen size takes precedence over the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables.) - MORE Options which are passed to [1mless [22mautomatically when running in + MORE Options which are passed to [1mless [22mautomatically when running in [1mmore[22m‐compatible mode. - PATH User’s search path (used to find a lesskey file on MS‐DOS, Win‐ + PATH User’s search path (used to find a lesskey file on MS‐DOS, Win‐ dows, and OS/2 systems). + POSIXLY_CORRECT + If set to any value, all option arguments on the command line + are expected to appear before any filename arguments. This must + be set as an actual environment variable, not in a [1mlesskey [22mfile. + SHELL The shell used to execute the ! command, as well as to expand filenames. @@ -2420,8 +2481,8 @@ [1mAUTHOR[0m Mark Nudelman - Report bugs at ⟨https://github.com/gwsw/less/issues⟩. + Report bugs at https://github.com/gwsw/less/issues. For more information, see the less homepage at - ⟨https://greenwoodsoftware.com/less⟩. + https://greenwoodsoftware.com/less. - Version 679: 28 May 2025 [4mLESS[24m(1) + Version 685: 04 Oct 2025 [4mLESS[24m(1) @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ '\" t -.TH LESS 1 "Version 679: 28 May 2025" +.TH LESS 1 "Version 685: 04 Oct 2025" .SH NAME less \- display the contents of a file in a terminal .SH SYNOPSIS @@ -203,8 +203,11 @@ Followed by another single quote, returns to the position at which the last "large" movement command was executed. Followed by a \(ha or $, jumps to the beginning or end of the file respectively. -Marks are preserved when a new file is examined, +Marks are preserved when a new file is examined within a single invocation of +.BR less , so the \(aq command can be used to switch between input files. +The \-\-save-marks option causes marks to be preserved across different invocations of +.BR less . .IP "\(haX\(haX" Same as single quote. .IP "ESC-m" @@ -800,8 +803,9 @@ where the first integer specifies the foreground color and the second specifies the background color. Each integer is a value between 0 and 255 inclusive which selects a "CSI 38;5" color value (see -.UR https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#SGR -.UE ). +.nh +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#SGR). +.hy If either integer is a "-" or is omitted, the corresponding color is set to that of normal text. .PP @@ -835,8 +839,9 @@ CHAR_INFO.Attributes .hy value, between 0 and 15 inclusive (see -.UR https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/char-info-str -.UE ). +.nh +https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/char-info-str). +.hy To avoid confusion, it is recommended that the equivalent letters rather than numbers be used after a lowercase color selector on MS-DOS/Windows. @@ -1213,8 +1218,9 @@ the name of a command compatible with .BR global (1), and that command is executed to find the tag. (See -.UR http://www.gnu.org/software/global/global.html -.UE ). +.nh +http://www.gnu.org/software/global/global.html). +.hy The \-t option may also be specified from within .B less (using the \- command) as a way of examining a new file. @@ -1328,6 +1334,16 @@ of the screen, starting with a decimal point: \&.5 is half of the screen width, \&.3 is three tenths of the screen width, and so on. If the number is specified as a fraction, the actual number of scroll positions is recalculated if the terminal window is resized. +.IP "\-\-cmd=\fIcommands\fP +The specified string is taken to be an initial command to +.BR less . +This is similar to specifying "+\fIcommands\fP", except that +commands specified by \-\-cmd are not executed if +.B less +exits immediately due to the use of the \-E or \-F option, while +commands specified by the \fB+\fP option are executed even if +.B less +exits immediately. .IP "\-\-exit-follow-on-close" When using the "F" command on a pipe, .B less @@ -1583,8 +1599,9 @@ Enables colored text in various places. The \-D option can be used to change the colors. Colored text works only if the terminal supports ANSI color escape sequences (as defined in -.UR https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-48 -.UE ). +.nh +https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-48). +.hy .IP "\-\-wheel-lines=\fIn\fP" Set the number of lines to scroll when the mouse wheel is scrolled and the \-\-mouse or \-\-MOUSE option is in effect. @@ -1598,6 +1615,9 @@ The default is to wrap at any character. A command line argument of "\-\-" marks the end of option arguments. Any arguments following this are interpreted as filenames. This can be useful when viewing a file whose name begins with a "\-" or "+". +Otherwise, option arguments and filename arguments can be intermixed; +that is, option arguments do not need to appear before filename arguments, +unless the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is set. .IP + If a command line option begins with \fB+\fP, the remainder of that option is taken to be an initial command to @@ -1613,6 +1633,7 @@ If the option starts with ++, the initial command applies to every file being viewed, not just the first one. The + command described previously may also be used to set (or change) an initial command for every file. +Also see the \-\-cmd option. . .SH "LINE EDITING" When entering a command line at the bottom of the screen @@ -1913,7 +1934,7 @@ Again, in this case the dash is not considered to be part of the input pipe command. . .SH "NATIONAL CHARACTER SETS" -There are three types of characters in the input file: +There are five types of characters in the input file: .IP "normal characters" can be displayed directly to the screen. .IP "control characters" @@ -1922,6 +1943,12 @@ in ordinary text files (such as backspace and tab). .IP "binary characters" should not be displayed directly and are not expected to be found in text files. +.IP "composing characters" +are not displayed separately, but modify the display of the +preceding character. (Only when LESSCHARSET is "utf8".) +.IP "deleted characters" +are simply deleted from the input and not displayed. +(Only when LESSCHARSET is "utf8".) .PP A "character set" is simply a description of which characters are to be considered normal, control, and binary. @@ -2049,7 +2076,7 @@ of how the UTF-8 file is ill-formed. .PP When the character set is utf-8, in rare cases it may be desirable to override the Unicode definition of the type of certain characters. -For example, characters in a Private Use Area are normally treated as control +For example, characters in a Private Use Area are normally treated as binary characters, but if you are using a custom font with printable characters in that range, it may be desirable to tell .B less @@ -2076,6 +2103,8 @@ A wide (2-space) printable character. A binary (non-printable) character. .IP "c" A composing (zero width) character. +.IP "d" +A deleted character (deleted from the input and not displayed). .RE .PP For example, setting LESSUTFCHARDEF to @@ -2085,6 +2114,18 @@ For example, setting LESSUTFCHARDEF to .sp .fi would make all Private Use Area characters be treated as printable. +.PP +By default, emoji modifiers, components and variation selectors +are deleted because many terminals do not display them correctly. +If you use a terminal which does display some or all of them correctly, +you can cause to be displayed by setting LESSUTFCHARDEF +to treat them as composing characters. +For example, this sets them all to composing characters: +.nf +.sp + FE00-FE0F:c,1F3FB-1F3FF:c,1F9B0-1F9B3:c,E0100-E01EF:c +.sp +.fi .SH "PROMPTS" The \-P option allows you to tailor the prompt to your preference. The string given to the \-P option replaces the specified prompt string. @@ -2407,8 +2448,8 @@ end character in an ANSI color escape sequence (default "0123456789:;[?!"\(aq#%()*+\ "). .IP LESSANSIOSCALLOW A comma-separated list of OSC types which are output directly to the -terminal when \-R is in effect. -By default, only OSC 8 sequences are output directly. +terminal when \-R is in effect +(default "8"; that is, only OSC 8 sequences are output directly). .IP LESSANSIOSCCHARS Characters which may follow an ESC character to mark the start of an "OS Command" sequence. @@ -2480,9 +2521,7 @@ file. (Not used if "$LESSKEYIN_SYSTEM" exists.) List of characters which are considered "metacharacters" by the shell. .IP LESSMETAESCAPE Prefix which less will add before each metacharacter in a -command sent to the shell. -If LESSMETAESCAPE is an empty string, commands containing -metacharacters will not be passed to the shell. +command sent to the shell (default "\\"). .IP LESSOPEN Command line to invoke the (optional) input-preprocessor. .IP LESSSECURE @@ -2492,7 +2531,8 @@ See discussion under SECURITY. Enables individual features which are normally disabled by LESSSECURE. See discussion under SECURITY. .IP LESSSEPARATOR -String to be appended to a directory name in filename completion. +String to be appended to a directory name in filename completion +(default "\\" on MS-DOS, Windows, and OS/2; otherwise "/"). .IP LESSUTFBINFMT Format for displaying non-printable Unicode code points. .IP LESSUTFCHARDEF @@ -2550,6 +2590,24 @@ receives a SIGUSR1 signal. .IP LESS_TERMCAP_xx Where "xx" is any two characters, overrides the definition of the termcap "xx" capability for the terminal. +.IP LESS_TERMCAP_BRACKETED_PASTE_START +Overrides the standard ANSI escape sequence to enable bracketed paste. +This is used when the \-\-no-paste option is in effect. +.IP LESS_TERMCAP_BRACKETED_PASTE_END +Overrides the standard ANSI escape sequence to disable bracketed paste. +.IP LESS_TERMCAP_MOUSE_START +Overrides the standard ANSI escape sequence to enable mouse reporting. +This is used when the \-\-mouse option is in effect. +.IP LESS_TERMCAP_MOUSE_END +Overrides the standard ANSI escape sequence to disable mouse reporting. +.IP LESS_TERMCAP_SUSPEND +Defines an escape sequence to temporarily suspend screen updates. +This is sent to the terminal before clearing the screen. +This can be used to avoid screen tearing when the screen is redrawn +on certain terminals. +.IP LESS_TERMCAP_RESUME +Defines an escape sequence to resume screen updates. +This is sent to the terminal after displaying the prompt. .IP LESS_UNSUPPORT A space-separated list of command line options. These options will be ignored (with no error message) if they appear @@ -2571,6 +2629,12 @@ automatically when running in .IP PATH User's search path (used to find a lesskey file on MS-DOS, Windows, and OS/2 systems). +.IP POSIXLY_CORRECT +If set to any value, all option arguments on the command line +are expected to appear before any filename arguments. +This must be set as an actual environment variable, not in a +.B lesskey +file. .IP SHELL The shell used to execute the !\& command, as well as to expand filenames. .IP TERM @@ -2619,10 +2683,12 @@ See the GNU General Public License for more details. Mark Nudelman .br Report bugs at -.UR https://github.com/gwsw/less/issues -.UE . +.nh +https://github.com/gwsw/less/issues. +.hy .br For more information, see the less homepage at .br -.UR https://greenwoodsoftware.com/less -.UE . +.nh +https://greenwoodsoftware.com/less. +.hy diff --git a/lessecho.man b/lessecho.man index 28ae72493365..5f10a4acd9eb 100644 --- a/lessecho.man +++ b/lessecho.man @@ -46,6 +46,6 @@ This manual page was written by Thomas Schoepf <schoepf@debian.org>, for the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others). - Report bugs at ⟨https://github.com/gwsw/less/issues⟩. + Report bugs at https://github.com/gwsw/less/issues. - Version 679: 28 May 2025 [4mLESSECHO[24m(1) + Version 685: 04 Oct 2025 [4mLESSECHO[24m(1) diff --git a/lessecho.nro b/lessecho.nro index f0cccc4de6da..71e029fe81c4 100644 --- a/lessecho.nro +++ b/lessecho.nro @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.TH LESSECHO 1 "Version 679: 28 May 2025" +.TH LESSECHO 1 "Version 685: 04 Oct 2025" .SH NAME lessecho \- expand metacharacters .SH SYNOPSIS @@ -53,6 +53,4 @@ The default is that only arguments containing metacharacters are quoted. This manual page was written by Thomas Schoepf <schoepf@debian.org>, for the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others). .PP -Report bugs at -.UR https://github.com/gwsw/less/issues -.UE . +Report bugs at https://github.com/gwsw/less/issues. diff --git a/lesskey.man b/lesskey.man index 6f8c59a9db5b..49a05c9e92f7 100644 --- a/lesskey.man +++ b/lesskey.man @@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ \r RETURN (0x0D) \t TAB (0x09) - \k followed by a single character represents the char(s) produced - when one of these keys is pressed: + \k followed by a single character represents the char(s) produced when + one of these keys is pressed: \kb BACKSPACE (the BACKSPACE key) \kB ctrl‐BACKSPACE \kd DOWN ARROW @@ -82,21 +82,25 @@ \kX ctrl‐DELETE \k1 F1 + A backslash followed by any other character indicates that character is + to be taken literally. Characters which must be preceded by backslash + include caret, space, tab, hash mark and the backslash itself. - A backslash followed by any other character indicates that charac‐ - ter is to be taken literally. Characters which must be preceded - by backslash include caret, space, tab, hash mark and the back‐ - slash itself. + An action may be followed by an "extra" string. When such a command is + entered while running [1mless[22m, the action is performed, and then the extra + string is parsed, just as if it were typed in to [1mless[22m. This feature + can be used in certain cases to extend the functionality of a command. + For example, see the "{" and ":t" commands in the example below. It + can also be used to execute more than one command when a key is + pressed. For example, if this line were in a lesskey file, pressing + the "B" key would first set the "b" mark and then search for the string + "next": - An action may be followed by an "extra" string. When such a com‐ - mand is entered while running [1mless[22m, the action is performed, and - then the extra string is parsed, just as if it were typed in to - [1mless[22m. This feature can be used in certain cases to extend the - functionality of a command. For example, see the "{" and ":t" - commands in the example below. The extra string has a special - meaning for the "quit" action: when [1mless [22mquits, the ASCII value of - the first character of the extra string is used as its exit sta‐ - tus. + B set‐mark b/next\n + + The extra string has a special meaning for the "quit" action: when [1mless[0m + quits, the ASCII value of the first character of the extra string is + used as its exit status. [1mEXAMPLE[0m The following input file describes the set of default command keys used @@ -403,6 +407,6 @@ [1mAUTHOR[0m Mark Nudelman - Report bugs at ⟨https://github.com/gwsw/less/issues⟩. + Report bugs at https://github.com/gwsw/less/issues. - Version 679: 28 May 2025 [4mLESSKEY[24m(1) + Version 685: 04 Oct 2025 [4mLESSKEY[24m(1) diff --git a/lesskey.nro b/lesskey.nro index 0a17c9deff71..b829c062cdb4 100644 --- a/lesskey.nro +++ b/lesskey.nro @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ '\" t -.TH LESSKEY 1 "Version 679: 28 May 2025" +.TH LESSKEY 1 "Version 685: 04 Oct 2025" .SH NAME lesskey \- customize key bindings for less .SH "SYNOPSIS (deprecated)" @@ -83,8 +83,10 @@ l l l. \er RETURN (0x0D) \et TAB (0x09) .TE +.RE .sp \ek followed by a single character represents the char(s) produced when one of these keys is pressed: +.RS 5m .TS l l. \ekb BACKSPACE (the BACKSPACE key) @@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ l l. \ekX ctrl-DELETE \ek1 F1 .TE - +.RE .PP A backslash followed by any other character indicates that character is to be taken literally. @@ -121,6 +123,14 @@ string is parsed, just as if it were typed in to This feature can be used in certain cases to extend the functionality of a command. For example, see the "{" and ":t" commands in the example below. +It can also be used to execute more than one command when a key is pressed. +For example, if this line were in a lesskey file, pressing the "B" key +would first set the "b" mark and then search for the string "next": +.sp +.nf + B set-mark b/next\en +.fi +.sp The extra string has a special meaning for the "quit" action: when .B less @@ -486,6 +496,4 @@ See the GNU General Public License for more details. . Mark Nudelman .br -Report bugs at -.UR https://github.com/gwsw/less/issues -.UE . +Report bugs at https://github.com/gwsw/less/issues. diff --git a/lesstest/Makefile b/lesstest/Makefile index 8ac00b6ebe05..d7ab4ddc6806 100644 --- a/lesstest/Makefile +++ b/lesstest/Makefile @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ CC ?= gcc CFLAGS ?= -Wall -O2 LDFLAGS ?= -TERMLIB = -lncurses +TERMLIB ?= $(shell ( grep '^LIBS *=' ../Makefile || grep '^LIBS *=' ../obj/Makefile || echo 'LIBS=-lncurses' ) 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's/LIBS *=//' -e 's/$$(LIBSAN)//' ) srcdir ?= . all: lesstest lt_screen diff --git a/lesstest/extract b/lesstest/extract index 13445435e1e6..982f9a6ad683 100755 --- a/lesstest/extract +++ b/lesstest/extract @@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ use Getopt::Std; # Extract all text files from an lt file. my $usage = <<_EOF_; -usage: extract [-ckfv] [lt-file]... - -c = print text file to stdout +usage: extract [-cekfv] [lt-file]... + -c = print text file + -e = print environment variables -f = overwrite existing text file - -k = print keystrokes to stdout + -k = print keystrokes -v = verbose _EOF_ @@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ my %opt; exit(main() ? 0 : 1); sub main() { - die $usage if not getopts('cfkv', \%opt); + die $usage if not getopts('cefkv', \%opt); foreach my $in_filename (@ARGV) { my $in; if (not open $in, '<', $in_filename) { @@ -43,6 +44,8 @@ sub read_ltfile { return 0 if not create_text_file($1, $2, $in); } elsif (/^\+([0-9a-fA-F]+)/) { print "$1\n" if $opt{k}; + } elsif (/^E\s*"([^"]+)"\s*"([^"]*)"/) { + print "$1=\"$2\"\n" if $opt{e}; } } } @@ -51,8 +54,9 @@ sub read_ltfile { sub create_text_file { my ($out_filename, $filelen, $in) = @_; + my $ptext = (not $opt{k} and not $opt{e}); my $out; - if ($opt{k}) { + if (not $ptext) { $out = undef; } elsif ($opt{c}) { $out = \*STDOUT; @@ -70,7 +74,7 @@ sub create_text_file { my $nread = read $in, $buf, $filelen; print STDERR "$out_filename: read $nread/$filelen\n" if $opt{v}; print STDERR "WARNING: read only $nread of $filelen bytes\n" if not $nread or $nread != $filelen; - if (not $opt{k}) { + if ($ptext) { print $out $buf; close $out unless $opt{c}; } diff --git a/lesstest/lt/search-hist.lt b/lesstest/lt/search-hist.lt index d4e056c3b59c..1bee6843f59e 100644 --- a/lesstest/lt/search-hist.lt +++ b/lesstest/lt/search-hist.lt @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ !lesstest! !version 1 -!created 2024-05-14 00:41:47 +!created 2025-07-29 05:50:23 E "LESS_TERMCAP_am" "1" E "LESS_TERMCAP_cd" "S" E "LESS_TERMCAP_ce" "L" @@ -213,63 +213,63 @@ R +4f 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+67 =one____________________________________________________________________________________________________two____________________________________________________________________________________________________three__________________________________________________________________________________________________four___________________________________________________________________________________________________five___________________________________________________________________________________________________six____________________________________________________________________________________________________@04seven@00__________________________________________________________________________________________________eight__________________________________________________________________________________________________nine___________________________________________________________________________________________________ten____________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@01~@00______________________________________________________________________________________________________@04(END)@00#__________________________________________________________________________________________________ +6e @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ char ext[_MAX_EXT]; \ int handle; #else -#if MSDOS_COMPILER==WIN32C && (defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(MINGW)) +#if MSDOS_COMPILER==WIN32C && (defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)) #define GLOB_FIRST_NAME(filename,fndp,h) h = _findfirst(filename, fndp) #define GLOB_FIRST_FAILED(handle) ((handle) == -1) @@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ static struct { int *attr; /* Parallel to buf, to hold attributes */ size_t print; /* Index in buf of first printable char */ size_t end; /* Number of chars in buf */ + size_t prev_end; /* Number of chars in buf for previous line */ char pfx[MAX_PFX_WIDTH]; /* Holds status column and line number */ int pfx_attr[MAX_PFX_WIDTH]; size_t pfx_end; /* Number of chars in pfx */ @@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ public int ntabstops = 1; /* Number of tabstops */ public int tabdefault = 8; /* Default repeated tabstops */ public POSITION highest_hilite; /* Pos of last hilite in file found so far */ static POSITION line_pos; +static POSITION line_contig_pos = NULL_POSITION; /* One after last byte processed */ static int end_column; /* Printable length, accounting for backspaces, etc. */ static int right_curr; @@ -255,12 +257,42 @@ public POSITION line_position(void) } /* + * Is this byte the next one after the previous byte processed? + */ +public lbool is_line_contig_pos(POSITION pos) +{ + return pos == line_contig_pos; +} + +/* + * Set the position of the next byte to be processed. + */ +public void set_line_contig_pos(POSITION pos) +{ + line_contig_pos = pos; +} + +/* + * Copy any ANSI sequences from line buffer to shifted_ansi. + */ +static void pshift(size_t end) +{ + size_t i; + for (i = linebuf.print; i < end; i++) + if (linebuf.attr[i] == AT_ANSI) + xbuf_add_char(&shifted_ansi, linebuf.buf[i]); +} + +/* * Rewind the line buffer. */ -public void prewind(void) +public void prewind(lbool contig) { int ax; + xbuf_reset(&shifted_ansi); + if (contig && linebuf.prev_end != 0) + pshift(linebuf.prev_end); linebuf.print = 6; /* big enough for longest UTF-8 sequence */ linebuf.pfx_end = 0; for (linebuf.end = 0; linebuf.end < linebuf.print; linebuf.end++) @@ -285,7 +317,6 @@ public void prewind(void) clear_after_line = FALSE; line_mark_attr = 0; line_pos = NULL_POSITION; - xbuf_reset(&shifted_ansi); xbuf_reset(&last_ansi); for (ax = 0; ax < NUM_LAST_ANSIS; ax++) xbuf_reset(&last_ansis[ax]); @@ -431,10 +462,7 @@ public int line_pfx_width(void) */ public void pshift_all(void) { - size_t i; - for (i = linebuf.print; i < linebuf.end; i++) - if (linebuf.attr[i] == AT_ANSI) - xbuf_add_char(&shifted_ansi, linebuf.buf[i]); + pshift(linebuf.end); linebuf.end = linebuf.print; end_column = (int) linebuf.pfx_end; /*{{type-issue}}*/ line_pos = NULL_POSITION; @@ -517,6 +545,12 @@ public int pwidth(LWCHAR ch, int a, LWCHAR prev_ch, int prev_a) } } else { + if (ch == VARSEL_15) + /* If prev char was double width, make it single width. */ + return (prev_ch != 0 && pwidth(prev_ch, a, 0, 0) == 2) ? -1 : 0; + if (ch == VARSEL_16) + /* If prev char was single width, make it double width. */ + return (prev_ch != 0 && pwidth(prev_ch, a, 0, 0) == 1) ? +1 : 0; if (is_composing_char(ch) || is_combining_char(prev_ch, ch)) { /* @@ -814,6 +848,7 @@ static int store_char(LWCHAR ch, int a, constant char *rep, POSITION pos) size_t replen; char cs; int ov; + lbool need_shift; ov = (a & (AT_UNDERLINE|AT_BOLD)); if (ov != AT_NORMAL) @@ -899,14 +934,41 @@ static int store_char(LWCHAR ch, int a, constant char *rep, POSITION pos) add_linebuf((char) shifted_ansi.data[i], AT_ANSI, 0); xbuf_reset(&shifted_ansi); } + if (linebuf.end == linebuf.print+1) + { + /* If first char is a placeholder, the one before it is double-width. + * VS15 changes the double-width char to single-width, so replace the + * placeholder with this VS15. */ + if (ch == VARSEL_15 && (linebuf.attr[linebuf.end-1] & AT_PLACEHOLDER)) + { + linebuf.end--; + inc_end_column(-1); + } + } else if (linebuf.end == linebuf.print) + { + /* VS16 changes the previous single-width char to double-width. + * Add a placeholder to represent the second half of the + * double-width char. */ + if (ch == VARSEL_16) + { + char *p = &linebuf.buf[linebuf.end]; + LWCHAR prev_ch = (linebuf.end > 0) ? step_char(&p, -1, linebuf.buf) : 0; + if (prev_ch != 0 && pwidth(prev_ch, a, 0, 0) == 1) + add_linebuf(' ', rscroll_attr|AT_PLACEHOLDER, 0); + } + } } /* Add the char to the buf, even if we will left-shift it next. */ + need_shift = (cshift < hshift); + if (!need_shift && w <= 0 && linebuf.end <= linebuf.print+1 && is_composing_char(ch) && + (linebuf.end == linebuf.print || (linebuf.end == linebuf.print+1 && (linebuf.attr[linebuf.end-1] & AT_PLACEHOLDER)))) + need_shift = TRUE; inc_end_column(w); for (i = 0; i < replen; i++) add_linebuf(*rep++, a, 0); - if (cshift < hshift) + if (need_shift) { /* We haven't left-shifted enough yet. */ if (a == AT_ANSI) @@ -929,7 +991,7 @@ static int store_char(LWCHAR ch, int a, constant char *rep, POSITION pos) */ while (cshift > hshift) { - add_linebuf(' ', rscroll_attr, 0); + add_linebuf(' ', rscroll_attr|AT_PLACEHOLDER, 0); cshift--; } } @@ -1267,6 +1329,17 @@ static int do_append(LWCHAR ch, constant char *rep, POSITION pos) overstrike = 0; } + if (is_omit_char(ch)) + { + if (bs_mode == BS_CONTROL) + { + if (utf_mode) + STORE_STRING(prutfchar(ch), AT_BINARY, pos); + else + STORE_PRCHAR(ch, pos); + } + return (0); /* omit the character. */ + } if (ch == '\t') { /* @@ -1340,6 +1413,7 @@ static void add_attr_normal(void) public void pdone(lbool endline, lbool chopped, lbool forw) { (void) pflushmbc(); + linebuf.prev_end = (!endline && !chopped) ? linebuf.end : 0; if (pendc && (pendc != '\r' || !endline)) /* @@ -1509,7 +1583,11 @@ static void col_vs_pos(POSITION linepos, mutable struct col_pos *cp, POSITION sa LWCHAR wch = get_wchar(utf8_buf); int attr = 0; /* {{ ignoring attribute is not correct for magic cookie terminals }} */ utf8_len = 0; - if (utf_mode && ctldisp != OPT_ON && is_ubin_char(wch)) + if (is_omit_char(wch)) + { + if (bs_mode == BS_CONTROL) + cw = strlen(utf_mode ? prutfchar(wch) : prchar(wch)); + } else if (utf_mode && ctldisp != OPT_ON && is_ubin_char(wch)) cw = (int) strlen(prutfchar(wch)); else cw = pwidth(wch, attr, prev_ch, attr); @@ -1638,6 +1716,7 @@ public POSITION forw_raw_line_len(POSITION curr_pos, size_t read_len, constant c (c = ch_forw_get()) == EOI) return (NULL_POSITION); + set_line_contig_pos(NULL_POSITION); n = 0; for (;;) { @@ -1693,6 +1772,7 @@ public POSITION back_raw_line(POSITION curr_pos, constant char **linep, size_t * ch_seek(curr_pos-1)) return (NULL_POSITION); + set_line_contig_pos(NULL_POSITION); n = size_linebuf; linebuf.buf[--n] = '\0'; for (;;) @@ -1804,11 +1884,14 @@ static int pappstr(constant char *str) public void load_line(constant char *str) { int save_hshift = hshift; - hshift = 0; + + /* We're overwriting the line buffer, so what's in it will no longer be contiguous. */ + set_line_contig_pos(NULL_POSITION); + for (;;) { - prewind(); + prewind(FALSE); if (pappstr(str) == 0) break; /* @@ -1819,6 +1902,7 @@ public void load_line(constant char *str) hshift += 1; } set_linebuf(linebuf.end, '\0', AT_NORMAL); + linebuf.prev_end = 0; /* Color the prompt unless it has ansi sequences in it. */ if (!ansi_in_line) diff --git a/lsystem.c b/lsystem.c index c32d5d59d4c2..a56f8238e480 100644 --- a/lsystem.c +++ b/lsystem.c @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ #if MSDOS_COMPILER #include <dos.h> -#if MSDOS_COMPILER==WIN32C && defined(MINGW) +#if MSDOS_COMPILER==WIN32C && defined(__MINGW32__) #include <direct.h> #define setdisk(n) _chdrive((n)+1) #else @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN #include <windows.h> -#if defined(MINGW) || defined(_MSC_VER) +#if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(_MSC_VER) #include <locale.h> #include <shellapi.h> #endif @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ extern int redraw_on_quit; extern int term_init_done; extern lbool first_time; -#if MSDOS_COMPILER==WIN32C && (defined(MINGW) || defined(_MSC_VER)) +#if MSDOS_COMPILER==WIN32C && (defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) /* malloc'ed 0-terminated utf8 of 0-terminated wide ws, or null on errors */ static char *utf8_from_wide(constant wchar_t *ws) { @@ -247,8 +247,14 @@ int main(int argc, constant char *argv[]) { IFILE ifile; constant char *s; + int i; + struct xbuffer xfiles; + constant int *files; + size_t num_files; + lbool end_opts = FALSE; + lbool posixly_correct = FALSE; -#if MSDOS_COMPILER==WIN32C && (defined(MINGW) || defined(_MSC_VER)) +#if MSDOS_COMPILER==WIN32C && (defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) if (GetACP() != CP_UTF8) /* not using a UTF-8 manifest */ try_utf8_locale(&argc, &argv); #endif @@ -315,13 +321,20 @@ int main(int argc, constant char *argv[]) scan_option(s, TRUE); #define isoptstring(s) (((s)[0] == '-' || (s)[0] == '+') && (s)[1] != '\0') - while (argc > 0 && (isoptstring(*argv) || isoptpending())) + xbuf_init(&xfiles); + posixly_correct = (getenv("POSIXLY_CORRECT") != NULL); + for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) { - s = *argv++; - argc--; - if (strcmp(s, "--") == 0) - break; - scan_option(s, FALSE); + if (strcmp(argv[i], "--") == 0) + end_opts = TRUE; + else if (!end_opts && (isoptstring(argv[i]) || isoptpending())) + scan_option(argv[i], FALSE); + else + { + if (posixly_correct) + end_opts = TRUE; + xbuf_add_data(&xfiles, (constant unsigned char *) &i, sizeof(i)); + } } #undef isoptstring @@ -358,7 +371,9 @@ int main(int argc, constant char *argv[]) ifile = NULL_IFILE; if (dohelp) ifile = get_ifile(FAKE_HELPFILE, ifile); - while (argc-- > 0) + files = (constant int *) xfiles.data; + num_files = xfiles.end / sizeof(int); + for (i = 0; i < num_files; i++) { #if (MSDOS_COMPILER && MSDOS_COMPILER != DJGPPC) /* @@ -372,7 +387,7 @@ int main(int argc, constant char *argv[]) char *gfilename; char *qfilename; - gfilename = lglob(*argv++); + gfilename = lglob(argv[files[i]]); init_textlist(&tlist, gfilename); filename = NULL; while ((filename = forw_textlist(&tlist, filename)) != NULL) @@ -384,10 +399,12 @@ int main(int argc, constant char *argv[]) } free(gfilename); #else - (void) get_ifile(*argv++, ifile); + (void) get_ifile(argv[files[i]], ifile); ifile = prev_ifile(NULL_IFILE); #endif } + xbuf_deinit(&xfiles); + /* * Set up terminal, etc. */ @@ -22,6 +22,17 @@ my %force_space = ( 0x0d => 1, # carriage return ); +# Override Unicode tables for certain modifier chars which act differently +# on different terminals. Treat them as omittable. +my @force_omit = ( + [0xad, 0xad], # SOFT HYPHEN + [0x200d, 0x200d], # ZERO WIDTH JOINER + [0x1f3fb, 0x1f3ff], # EMOJI MODIFIER FITZPATRICK TYPE-[1-6] + [0x1f9b0, 0x1f9b3], # EMOJI COMPONENT [RED,CURLY,BALD,WHITE] HAIR + [0xfe00, 0xfe0f], # VARIATION SELECTOR-[1-16] + [0xe0100, 0xe01ef], # VARIATION SELECTOR-[17-256] +); + # Hangul Jamo medial vowels and final consonants should be zero width. my @force_compose = ( [0x1160, 0x11ff], @@ -51,6 +62,13 @@ sub main { $force_compose{$ch} = 1; } } + my %force_omit; + foreach my $comp (@force_omit) { + my ($lo,$hi) = @$comp; + for (my $ch = $lo; $ch <= $hi; ++$ch) { + $force_omit{$ch} = 1; + } + } my ($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year) = gmtime($ENV{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} // time()); my @month = ( "Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec" ); @@ -88,7 +106,8 @@ sub main { $type =~ s/\s//g; for ($last_code = $lo_code; $last_code <= $hi_code; ++$last_code) { output(\%out, $last_code, - $force_space{$last_code} ? 'Zs' : $force_compose{$last_code} ? 'Mn' : $type); + $force_space{$last_code} ? 'Zs' : $force_compose{$last_code} ? 'Mn' : + $force_omit{$last_code} ? 'Xx' : $type); } } output(\%out, $last_code); diff --git a/omit.uni b/omit.uni new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..9977ec403f3d --- /dev/null +++ b/omit.uni @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +/* Generated by "./mkutable -f2 Xx -- unicode/UnicodeData.txt" on Aug 19 1:16:32 GMT 2025 */ + { 0x00ad, 0x00ad }, /* Xx */ + { 0x200d, 0x200d }, /* Xx */ + { 0xfe00, 0xfe0f }, /* Xx */ + { 0x1f3fb, 0x1f3ff }, /* Xx */ + { 0x1f9b0, 0x1f9b3 }, /* Xx */ + { 0xe0100, 0xe01ef }, /* Xx */ diff --git a/optfunc.c b/optfunc.c index fda46b588f21..9c0117cc84ff 100644 --- a/optfunc.c +++ b/optfunc.c @@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ extern int nosearch_header_lines; extern int nosearch_header_cols; extern POSITION header_start_pos; extern char *init_header; +extern char *first_cmd_at_prompt; #if LOGFILE extern char *namelogfile; extern lbool force_logfile; @@ -974,6 +975,23 @@ public void opt_filesize(int type, constant char *s) } /* + * Handler for the --cmd option. + */ + /*ARGSUSED*/ +public void opt_first_cmd_at_prompt(int type, constant char *s) +{ + switch (type) + { + case INIT: + case TOGGLE: + first_cmd_at_prompt = save(s); + break; + case QUERY: + break; + } +} + +/* * Handler for the --intr option. */ /*ARGSUSED*/ @@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ public int no_edit_warn; /* Don't warn when editing a LESSOPENed file */ public int stop_on_form_feed; /* Stop scrolling on a line starting with form feed */ public long match_shift_fraction = NUM_FRAC_DENOM/2; /* 1/2 of screen width */ public char intr_char = CONTROL('X'); /* Char to interrupt reads */ +public char *first_cmd_at_prompt = NULL; /* Command to exec before first prompt */ #if HILITE_SEARCH public int hilite_search; /* Highlight matched search patterns? */ #endif @@ -184,6 +185,7 @@ static struct optname proc_backspace_optname = { "proc-backspace", NULL }; static struct optname proc_tab_optname = { "proc-tab", NULL }; static struct optname proc_return_optname = { "proc-return", NULL }; static struct optname match_shift_optname = { "match-shift", NULL }; +static struct optname first_cmd_at_prompt_optname = { "cmd", NULL }; #if LESSTEST static struct optname ttyin_name_optname = { "tty", NULL }; #endif /*LESSTEST*/ @@ -748,6 +750,10 @@ static struct loption option[] = "Print carriage return as ^M" } }, + { OLETTER_NONE, &first_cmd_at_prompt_optname, + O_STRING|O_NO_TOGGLE|O_NO_QUERY, 0, NULL, opt_first_cmd_at_prompt, + { NULL, NULL, NULL } + }, { OLETTER_NONE, &match_shift_optname, O_STRING|O_INIT_HANDLER, 0, NULL, opt_match_shift, { @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ extern int errno; #include <sys/utsname.h> #endif -#if HAVE_POLL && !MSDOS_COMPILER +#if HAVE_POLL && !MSDOS_COMPILER && !defined(__MVS__) #define USE_POLL 1 static lbool use_poll = TRUE; #else @@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ static lbool opening; public lbool waiting_for_data; public int consecutive_nulls = 0; public lbool getting_one_screen = FALSE; +public lbool no_poll = FALSE; /* Milliseconds to wait for data before displaying "waiting for data" message. */ static int waiting_for_data_delay = 4000; @@ -163,7 +164,8 @@ static int check_poll(int fd, int tty) /* Break out of "waiting for data". */ return (READ_INTR); ungetcc_back((char) ch); - return (READ_INTR); + if (!no_poll) + return (READ_INTR); } } if (ignore_eoi && exit_F_on_close && (poller[0].revents & (POLLHUP|POLLIN)) == POLLHUP) @@ -177,6 +179,36 @@ static int check_poll(int fd, int tty) } #endif /* USE_POLL */ +/* + * Is a character available to be read from the tty? + */ +public lbool ttyin_ready(void) +{ +#if MSDOS_COMPILER==WIN32C + return win32_kbhit(); +#else +#if MSDOS_COMPILER + return kbhit(); +#else +#if USE_POLL +#if LESSTEST + if (is_lesstest()) + return FALSE; +#endif /*LESSTEST*/ + if (!use_poll) + return FALSE; + { + struct pollfd poller[1] = { { tty, POLLIN, 0 } }; + poll(poller, 1, 0); + return ((poller[0].revents & POLLIN) != 0); + } +#else + return FALSE; +#endif +#endif +#endif +} + public int supports_ctrl_x(void) { #if MSDOS_COMPILER==WIN32C @@ -282,16 +314,21 @@ start: } #else #if MSDOS_COMPILER==WIN32C - if (win32_kbhit2(TRUE)) + if (!(quit_if_one_screen && one_screen) && win32_kbhit2(TRUE)) { int c; + lbool intr; c = WIN32getch(); - sigs |= S_SWINTERRUPT; - reading = FALSE; - if (c != CONTROL('C') && c != intr_char) + intr = (c == CONTROL('C') || c == intr_char); + if (!intr) WIN32ungetch((char) c); - return (READ_INTR); + if (intr || !no_poll) + { + sigs |= S_SWINTERRUPT; + reading = FALSE; + return (READ_INTR); + } } #endif #endif diff --git a/pattern.c b/pattern.c index f2ec7cbcb6c8..0c72b98d2cd1 100644 --- a/pattern.c +++ b/pattern.c @@ -469,7 +469,12 @@ public lbool match_pattern(PATTERN_TYPE pattern, constant char *tpattern, consta lbool matched = match_pattern1(pattern, tpattern, line, line_len, line_off, sp, ep, nsp, notbol, search_type); if (!matched || subsearch_ok(sp, ep, search_type)) return matched; - mlen = ep[0] - line; + /* We have a match, but it does not satisfy all SUBSEARCH conditions. + * Continue searching after this match. */ + mlen = ptr_diff(ep[0], line); + if (mlen == 0) + /* If the match is empty, we can't progress. */ + return FALSE; line += mlen; line_len -= mlen; notbol = 1; @@ -221,6 +221,8 @@ static constant char *sc_e_mousecap, /* End mouse capture mode */ *sc_s_bracketed_paste, /* Start bracketed paste mode */ *sc_e_bracketed_paste, /* End bracketed paste mode */ + *sc_suspend, /* Suspend screen updates */ + *sc_resume, /* Resume screen updates */ *sc_init, /* Startup terminal initialization */ *sc_deinit; /* Exit terminal de-initialization */ @@ -1330,6 +1332,13 @@ public void get_term(void) if (sc_e_bracketed_paste == NULL) sc_e_bracketed_paste = ESCS"[?2004l"; + sc_suspend = ltgetstr("SUSPEND", &sp); + if (sc_suspend == NULL) + sc_suspend = ""; + sc_resume = ltgetstr("RESUME", &sp); + if (sc_resume == NULL) + sc_resume = ""; + sc_init = ltgetstr("ti", &sp); if (sc_init == NULL) sc_init = ""; @@ -1756,6 +1765,26 @@ public void deinit_mouse(void) } /* + * Suspend screen updates. + */ +public void suspend_screen(void) +{ +#if !MSDOS_COMPILER + ltputs(sc_suspend, 1, putchr); +#endif +} + +/* + * Resume screen updates. + */ +public void resume_screen(void) +{ +#if !MSDOS_COMPILER + ltputs(sc_resume, 1, putchr); +#endif +} + +/* * Initialize terminal */ public void init(void) @@ -2341,6 +2370,7 @@ public void bell(void) public void clear(void) { assert_interactive(); + suspend_screen(); #if !MSDOS_COMPILER ltputs(sc_clear, sc_height, putchr); #else @@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ static POSITION prep_endpos; public POSITION header_start_pos = NULL_POSITION; static POSITION header_end_pos; public lbool search_wrapped = FALSE; +public POSITION search_incr_start = NULL_POSITION; #if OSC8_LINK public POSITION osc8_linepos = NULL_POSITION; public POSITION osc8_match_start = NULL_POSITION; @@ -1083,7 +1084,7 @@ public void chg_hilite(void) /* * Figure out where to start a search. */ -static POSITION search_pos(int search_type) +public POSITION search_pos(int search_type) { POSITION pos; int sindex; @@ -1189,6 +1190,7 @@ static lbool matches_filters(POSITION pos, char *cline, size_t line_len, int *ch struct hilite hl; hl.hl_startpos = linepos; hl.hl_endpos = pos; + hl.hl_attr = 0; add_hilite(&filter_anchor, &hl); free(cline); free(chpos); @@ -2118,7 +2120,8 @@ public int search(int search_type, constant char *pattern, int n) /* * Figure out where to start the search. */ - pos = search_pos(search_type); + pos = ((search_type & SRCH_INCR) && search_incr_start != NULL_POSITION) ? + search_incr_start : search_pos(search_type); opos = position(sindex_from_sline(jump_sline)); if (pos == NULL_POSITION) { @@ -2241,7 +2244,7 @@ public void prep_hilite(POSITION spos, POSITION epos, int maxlines) */ clr_hilite(); clr_filter(); - nprep_startpos = spos; + nprep_startpos = nprep_endpos = spos; } else { /* @@ -2282,7 +2285,7 @@ public void prep_hilite(POSITION spos, POSITION epos, int maxlines) result = search_range(spos, epos, search_type, 0, maxlines, (POSITION*)NULL, &new_epos, (POSITION*)NULL); if (result < 0) return; - if (prep_endpos == NULL_POSITION || new_epos > prep_endpos) + if (nprep_endpos == NULL_POSITION || new_epos > nprep_endpos) nprep_endpos = new_epos; /* @@ -2300,6 +2303,7 @@ public void prep_hilite(POSITION spos, POSITION epos, int maxlines) if (epos == NULL_POSITION) break; maxlines = 1; + nprep_endpos = epos; continue; } } @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -/* Generated by "./mkutable -f2 Cc Cs Co Zl Zp -- unicode/UnicodeData.txt" on Oct 1 18:10:07 GMT 2024 */ +/* Generated by "./mkutable -f2 Cc Cs Co Zl Zp -- unicode/UnicodeData.txt" on Aug 19 1:16:32 GMT 2025 */ { 0x0000, 0x0007 }, /* Cc */ { 0x000b, 0x000b }, /* Cc */ { 0x000e, 0x001f }, /* Cc */ diff --git a/version.c b/version.c index 68a42a6272fa..a5925c335a8f 100644 --- a/version.c +++ b/version.c @@ -1049,6 +1049,18 @@ v677 4/27/25 Fix & filtering bug. v678 5/1/25 Don't change stty tab setting. v679 5/28/25 Fix lesskey parsing bug when env var is prefix of another; fix unexpected exit when using -K. +v680 6/25/25 Fix hang if a search using ^S modifier matches empty string. +v681 8/2/25 Fix bug using -g with -J; fix bug when pasting input + with --incsearch; improve performance with long lines; + fix performance with & filtering; change search position when + using --incsearch; treat some composing chars as binary. +v682 8/24/25 Add --cmd; fix lesskey bug using #stop; fix lesskey bug + using "invalid"; fix some emoji bugs. +v683 9/4/25 Fix bug if cmd char received during file read. +v684 9/18/25 Allow mixing of options and filenames on command line; + add LESS_TERMCAP_SUSPEND & LESS_TERMCAP_RESUME. +v685 10/4/25 Make --incsearch return to same column as well as same line; + fix some problems reported by valgrind. */ -char version[] = "679"; +char version[] = "685"; @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -/* Generated by "./mkutable -f1 W F -- unicode/EastAsianWidth.txt" on Sep 23 19:46:51 GMT 2024 */ +/* Generated by "./mkutable -f1 W F -- unicode/EastAsianWidth.txt" on Aug 10 20:15:03 GMT 2025 */ { 0x1100, 0x115f }, /* W */ { 0x231a, 0x231b }, /* W */ { 0x2329, 0x232a }, /* W */ @@ -93,7 +93,8 @@ { 0x1f3cf, 0x1f3d3 }, /* W */ { 0x1f3e0, 0x1f3f0 }, /* W */ { 0x1f3f4, 0x1f3f4 }, /* W */ - { 0x1f3f8, 0x1f43e }, /* W */ + { 0x1f3f8, 0x1f3fa }, /* W */ + { 0x1f400, 0x1f43e }, /* W */ { 0x1f440, 0x1f440 }, /* W */ { 0x1f442, 0x1f4fc }, /* W */ { 0x1f4ff, 0x1f53d }, /* W */ @@ -114,7 +115,8 @@ { 0x1f7f0, 0x1f7f0 }, /* W */ { 0x1f90c, 0x1f93a }, /* W */ { 0x1f93c, 0x1f945 }, /* W */ - { 0x1f947, 0x1f9ff }, /* W */ + { 0x1f947, 0x1f9af }, /* W */ + { 0x1f9b4, 0x1f9ff }, /* W */ { 0x1fa70, 0x1fa7c }, /* W */ { 0x1fa80, 0x1fa89 }, /* W */ { 0x1fa8f, 0x1fac6 }, /* W */ @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ public int xbuf_pop(struct xbuffer *buf) /* * Set an xbuf to the contents of another xbuf. */ -public void xbuf_set(struct xbuffer *dst, struct xbuffer *src) +public void xbuf_set(struct xbuffer *dst, constant struct xbuffer *src) { xbuf_reset(dst); xbuf_add_data(dst, src->data, src->end); |