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fault->ipa, in a nested contest, represents the output of the guest's
S2 translation for the fault->fault_ipa input, and is equal to
fault->fault_ipa otherwise,
Given that this is readily available from kvm_s2_trans_output(),
drop fault->ipa and directly compute fault->gfn instead, which
is really what we want.
Tested-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Clean up the KVM MMU lock retry loop by pre-assigning the error code.
Add clear braces to the THP adjustment integration for readability, and
safely unnest the transparent hugepage logic branches.
Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Simplify the non-cacheable attributes assignment by using a ternary
operator. Additionally, hoist the MTE validation check (mte_allowed) out
of kvm_s2_fault_map() and into kvm_s2_fault_compute_prot(). This allows
us to fail faster and avoid acquiring the KVM MMU lock unnecessarily
when the VMM introduces a disallowed VMA for an MTE-enabled guest.
Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Optimize the early exit checks in kvm_s2_fault_pin_pfn by grouping all
error responses under the generic is_error_noslot_pfn check first,
avoiding unnecessary branches in the hot path.
Reviewed-by: Joey Gouly <joey.gouly@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Simplify the initialization of struct kvm_s2_fault in user_mem_abort().
Instead of partially initializing the struct via designated initializers
and then sequentially assigning the remaining fields (like write_fault
and topup_memcache) further down the function, evaluate those
dependencies upfront.
This allows the entire struct to be fully initialized at declaration. It
also eliminates the need for the intermediate fault_data variable and
its associated fault pointer, reducing boilerplate.
Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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With the refactoring done, the final return block of user_mem_abort()
can be tidied up a bit more.
Clean up the trailing edge by dropping the unnecessary assignment,
collapsing the return evaluation for kvm_s2_fault_compute_prot(), and
tail calling kvm_s2_fault_map() directly.
Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Remove redundant variables vma_shift and vfio_allow_any_uc from struct
kvm_s2_fault as they are easily derived or checked when needed.
Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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In the kvm_s2_resolve_vma_size() helper, the local variable vma_pagesize
is calculated from vma_shift, only to be used to bound the vma_pagesize
by max_map_size and subsequently convert it back to a shift via __ffs().
Because vma_pagesize and max_map_size are both powers of two, we can
simplify the logic by omitting vma_pagesize entirely and bounding the
vma_shift directly using the shift of max_map_size. This achieves the
same result while keeping the size-to-shift conversion out of the helper
logic.
Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Extract the code responsible for locking the KVM MMU and mapping the PFN
into the stage-2 page tables into a new helper, kvm_s2_fault_map().
This helper manages the kvm_fault_lock, checks for MMU invalidation
retries, attempts to adjust for transparent huge pages (THP), handles
MTE sanitization if needed, and finally maps or relaxes permissions on
the stage-2 entries.
With this change, the main user_mem_abort() function is now a sequential
dispatcher that delegates to specialized helper functions.
Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Extract the logic that computes the stage-2 protections and checks for
various permission faults (e.g., execution faults on non-cacheable
memory) into a new helper function, kvm_s2_fault_compute_prot(). This
helper also handles injecting atomic/exclusive faults back into the
guest when necessary.
This refactoring step separates the permission computation from the
mapping logic, making the main fault handler flow clearer.
Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Extract the VMA lookup and metadata snapshotting logic from
kvm_s2_fault_pin_pfn() into a tightly-scoped sub-helper.
This refactoring structurally fixes a TOCTOU (Time-Of-Check to
Time-Of-Use) vulnerability and Use-After-Free risk involving the vma
pointer. In the previous layout, the mmap_read_lock is taken, the vma is
looked up, and then the lock is dropped before the function continues to
map the PFN. While an explicit vma = NULL safeguard was present, the vma
variable was still lexically in scope for the remainder of the function.
By isolating the locked region into kvm_s2_fault_get_vma_info(), the vma
pointer becomes a local variable strictly confined to that sub-helper.
Because the pointer's scope literally ends when the sub-helper returns,
it is not possible for the subsequent page fault logic in
kvm_s2_fault_pin_pfn() to accidentally access the vanished VMA,
eliminating this bug class by design.
Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Extract the section of code responsible for pinning the physical page
frame number (PFN) backing the faulting IPA into a new helper,
kvm_s2_fault_pin_pfn().
This helper encapsulates the critical section where the mmap_read_lock
is held, the VMA is looked up, the mmu invalidate sequence is sampled,
and the PFN is ultimately resolved via __kvm_faultin_pfn(). It also
handles the early exits for hardware poisoned pages and noslot PFNs.
By isolating this region, we can begin to organize the state variables
required for PFN resolution into the kvm_s2_fault struct, clearing out
a significant amount of local variable clutter from user_mem_abort().
Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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The user_mem_abort() function takes many arguments and defines a large
number of local variables. Passing all these variables around to helper
functions would result in functions with too many arguments.
Introduce struct kvm_s2_fault to encapsulate the stage-2 fault state.
This structure holds both the input parameters and the intermediate
state required during the fault handling process.
Update user_mem_abort() to initialize this structure and replace the
usage of local variables with fields from the new structure.
This prepares the ground for further extracting parts of
user_mem_abort() into smaller helper functions that can simply take a
pointer to the fault state structure.
Reviewed-by: Joey Gouly <joey.gouly@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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If we go through the "need a bigger buffer" path in seq_read_iter(), which
is likely to happen as we're dumping page tables, we will pass the
populated-by-last-run st::parser_state to
kvm_pgtable_walk()/kvm_ptdump_visitor(). As a result, the output of
stage2_page_tables on my box looks like
0x0000000240000000-0x0000000000000000 17179869175G 1
0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000200000 2M 2 R px ux AF BLK
0x0000000000200000-0x0000000040000000 1022M 2
0x0000000040000000-0x0000000040200000 2M 2 R W PXNUXN AF BLK
[...]
Fix it by always initializing st::parser_state before starting a new
pgtable walk.
Besides, remove st::range as it's not used by note_page(); remove the
explicit initialization of parser_state::start_address as it will be
initialized in note_page() anyway.
Signed-off-by: Zenghui Yu (Huawei) <zenghui.yu@linux.dev>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260328053155.12219-1-zenghui.yu@linux.dev
[maz: rebased on top of NV support]
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Without CONFIG_SND_DYNAMIC_MINORS, ALSA reserves only two fixed minors
for compress devices on each card: comprD0 and comprD1.
snd_find_free_minor() currently computes the compress minor as
type + dev without validating dev first, so device numbers greater than
1 spill into the HWDEP minor range instead of failing registration.
ASoC passes rtd->id to snd_compress_new(), so this can happen on real
non-dynamic-minor builds.
Add a dedicated fixed-minor check for SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_COMPRESS in
snd_find_free_minor() and reject out-of-range device numbers with
-EINVAL before constructing the minor.
Also remove the stale TODO in compress_offload.c that still claims
multiple compress nodes are missing.
Fixes: 3eafc959b32f ("ALSA: core: add support for compressed devices")
Signed-off-by: Cássio Gabriel <cassiogabrielcontato@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260325-alsa-compress-static-minors-v1-1-0628573bee1c@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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This adds a mute led quirck for HP Victus 15-fb0xxx (103c:8a3d) model
- As it used 0x8(full bright)/0x7f(little dim) for mute led on and other
values as 0ff (0x0, 0x4, ...)
- So, use ALC245_FIXUP_HP_MUTE_LED_V2_COEFBIT insted for safer approach
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sourav Nayak <nonameblank007@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260327142805.17139-1-nonameblank007@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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This motherboard uses USB audio instead, causing this driver to complain
about "no codecs found!".
Add it to the denylist to silence the warning.
The first attempt only matched on the PCI device, but this caused issues
for some laptops, so DMI match against the board as well.
Signed-off-by: Stuart Hayhurst <stuart.a.hayhurst@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260327155737.21818-2-stuart.a.hayhurst@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Similar to commit 7b509910b3ad ("ALSA hda/realtek: Add quirk for
Framework F111:000C") and previous quirks for Framework systems with
Realtek codecs.
000F is another new platform with an ALC285 which needs the same quirk.
Signed-off-by: Dustin L. Howett <dustin@howett.net>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260327-framework-alsa-000f-v1-1-74013aba1c00@howett.net
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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The NeuralDSP Quad Cortex does not support DSD playback. We need
this product-specific entry with zero quirks because otherwise it
falls through to the vendor-specific entry which marks it as
supporting DSD playback.
Cc: Yue Wang <yuleopen@gmail.com>
Cc: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Phil Willoughby <willerz@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260328080921.3310-1-willerz@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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After the introduction of clear_pages() we exploit the fact that the
process vm_area is allocated in contiguous pages to just clear them all in
one swift operation.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260224-mm-fork-clear-pages-v1-1-184c65a72d49@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linusw@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Mateusz Guzik <mjguzik@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/dpnwsp7dl4535rd7qmszanw6u5an2p74uxfex4dh53frpb7pu3@2bnjjavjrepe/
Suggested-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20240311164638.2015063-7-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com
Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org>
Cc: Ankur Arora <ankur.a.arora@oracle.com>
Cc: Ben Segall <bsegall@google.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org>
Cc: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com>
Cc: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The local-vs-remote region comparison loop uses '<=' instead of '<',
causing it to read one entry past the valid range of qr_regions. The
other loops in the same function correctly use '<'.
Fix the loop condition to use '<' for consistency and correctness.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/SYBPR01MB78813DA26B50EC5E01F00566AF7BA@SYBPR01MB7881.ausprd01.prod.outlook.com
Fixes: ea2034416b54 ("ocfs2/dlm: Add message DLM_QUERY_REGION")
Signed-off-by: Junrui Luo <moonafterrain@outlook.com>
Reported-by: Yuhao Jiang <danisjiang@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark@fasheh.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Cc: Changwei Ge <gechangwei@live.cn>
Cc: Jun Piao <piaojun@huawei.com>
Cc: Heming Zhao <heming.zhao@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "ocfs2/dlm: fix two bugs in dlm_match_regions()".
In dlm_match_regions(), the qr_numregions field from a DLM_QUERY_REGION
network message is used to drive loops over the qr_regions buffer without
sufficient validation. This series fixes two issues:
- Patch 1 adds a bounds check to reject messages where qr_numregions
exceeds O2NM_MAX_REGIONS. The o2net layer only validates message
byte length; it does not constrain field values, so a crafted message
can set qr_numregions up to 255 and trigger out-of-bounds reads past
the 1024-byte qr_regions buffer.
- Patch 2 fixes an off-by-one in the local-vs-remote comparison loop,
which uses '<=' instead of '<', reading one entry past the valid range
even when qr_numregions is within bounds.
This patch (of 2):
The qr_numregions field from a DLM_QUERY_REGION network message is used
directly as loop bounds in dlm_match_regions() without checking against
O2NM_MAX_REGIONS. Since qr_regions is sized for at most O2NM_MAX_REGIONS
(32) entries, a crafted message with qr_numregions > 32 causes
out-of-bounds reads past the qr_regions buffer.
Add a bounds check for qr_numregions before entering the loops.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/SYBPR01MB7881A334D02ACEE5E0645801AF7BA@SYBPR01MB7881.ausprd01.prod.outlook.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/SYBPR01MB788166F524AD04E262E174BEAF7BA@SYBPR01MB7881.ausprd01.prod.outlook.com
Fixes: ea2034416b54 ("ocfs2/dlm: Add message DLM_QUERY_REGION")
Signed-off-by: Junrui Luo <moonafterrain@outlook.com>
Reported-by: Yuhao Jiang <danisjiang@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark@fasheh.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Cc: Changwei Ge <gechangwei@live.cn>
Cc: Jun Piao <piaojun@huawei.com>
Cc: Heming Zhao <heming.zhao@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Cast loop variable to unsigned int before left-shifting to avoid undefined
behavior when i >= 128 and b == 3 (i << 24 overflows signed int).
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260318074806.16527-3-objecting@objecting.org
Signed-off-by: Josh Law <objecting@objecting.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ivan Djelic <ivan.djelic@parrot.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "lib/bch: fix undefined behavior from signed left-shifts".
Fix two instances of undefined behavior in lib/bch.c caused by
left-shifting signed integers into or past the sign bit.
While the kernel's -fno-strict-overflow flag prevents miscompilation
today, these are formally UB per C11 6.5.7p4 and trivial to fix.
This patch (of 2):
Use 1u instead of 1 to avoid undefined behavior when left-shifting into
the sign bit of a signed int. deg() can return up to 31, and 1 << 31 is
UB per C11.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260318074806.16527-2-objecting@objecting.org
Signed-off-by: Josh Law <objecting@objecting.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ivan Djelic <ivan.djelic@parrot.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The decodecode script always returns an exit code of 1, regardless of
whether the operation was successful or not. This is because the
"cleanup" function, which is registered to run on any script exit via
"trap cleanup EXIT", contains an unconditional "exit 1".
Remove the "exit 1" from the "cleanup" function so that it only performs
the necessary file cleanup without forcing a non-zero exit status.
Do that to ensure successful script executions now exit with code 0.
Exits due to errors are all handled by the "die()" function and will still
correctly exit with code 1.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260318150545.2809311-1-derkling@google.com
Signed-off-by: Patrick Bellasi <derkling@google.com>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Now that kernel_clone() checks valid_signal(args->exit_signal), the "sig"
argument of do_notify_parent() must always be valid or we have a bug.
However, do_notify_parent() only checks that sig != -1 at the start, then
it does another valid_signal() check before __send_signal_locked().
This is confusing. Change do_notify_parent() to WARN and return early if
valid_signal(sig) is false.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/abld-ilvMEZ7VgMw@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Deepanshu Kartikey <Kartikey406@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Make further additions and alterations to the watchdog documentation.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/acF3tXBxSr0KOP9b@pathway.suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Douglas Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Li Huafei <lihuafei1@huawei.com>
Cc: Max Kellermann <max.kellermann@ionos.com>
Cc: Mayank Rungta <mrungta@google.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Stephane Erainan <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Wang Jinchao <wangjinchao600@gmail.com>
Cc: Yunhui Cui <cuiyunhui@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The current documentation generalizes the hardlockup detector as primarily
NMI-perf-based and lacks details on the SMP "Buddy" detector.
Update the documentation to add a detailed description of the Buddy
detector, and also restructure the "Implementation" section to explicitly
separate "Softlockup Detector", "Hardlockup Detector (NMI/Perf)", and
"Hardlockup Detector (Buddy)".
Clarify that the softlockup hrtimer acts as the heartbeat generator for
both hardlockup mechanisms and centralize the configuration details in a
"Frequency and Heartbeats" section.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260312-hardlockup-watchdog-fixes-v2-5-45bd8a0cc7ed@google.com
Signed-off-by: Mayank Rungta <mrungta@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Douglas Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Li Huafei <lihuafei1@huawei.com>
Cc: Max Kellermann <max.kellermann@ionos.com>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Stephane Erainan <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Wang Jinchao <wangjinchao600@gmail.com>
Cc: Yunhui Cui <cuiyunhui@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Currently, the buddy system only performs checks every 3rd sample. With a
4-second interval. If a check window is missed, the next check occurs 12
seconds later, potentially delaying hard lockup detection for up to 24
seconds.
Modify the buddy system to perform checks at every interval (4s).
Introduce a missed-interrupt threshold to maintain the existing grace
period while reducing the detection window to 8-12 seconds.
Best and worst case detection scenarios:
Before (12s check window):
- Best case: Lockup occurs after first check but just before heartbeat
interval. Detected in ~8s (8s till next check).
- Worst case: Lockup occurs just after a check.
Detected in ~24s (missed check + 12s till next check + 12s logic).
After (4s check window with threshold of 3):
- Best case: Lockup occurs just before a check.
Detected in ~8s (0s till 1st check + 4s till 2nd + 4s till 3rd).
- Worst case: Lockup occurs just after a check.
Detected in ~12s (4s till 1st check + 4s till 2nd + 4s till 3rd).
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260312-hardlockup-watchdog-fixes-v2-4-45bd8a0cc7ed@google.com
Signed-off-by: Mayank Rungta <mrungta@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Douglas Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Li Huafei <lihuafei1@huawei.com>
Cc: Max Kellermann <max.kellermann@ionos.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Stephane Erainan <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Wang Jinchao <wangjinchao600@gmail.com>
Cc: Yunhui Cui <cuiyunhui@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The current documentation implies that a hardlockup is strictly defined as
looping for "more than 10 seconds." However, the detection mechanism is
periodic (based on `watchdog_thresh`), meaning detection time varies
significantly depending on when the lockup occurs relative to the NMI perf
event.
Update the definition to remove the strict "more than 10 seconds"
constraint in the introduction and defer details to the Implementation
section.
Additionally, add a "Detection Overhead" section illustrating the Best
Case (~6s) and Worst Case (~20s) detection scenarios to provide
administrators with a clearer understanding of the watchdog's latency.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260312-hardlockup-watchdog-fixes-v2-3-45bd8a0cc7ed@google.com
Signed-off-by: Mayank Rungta <mrungta@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Douglas Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Li Huafei <lihuafei1@huawei.com>
Cc: Max Kellermann <max.kellermann@ionos.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Stephane Erainan <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Wang Jinchao <wangjinchao600@gmail.com>
Cc: Yunhui Cui <cuiyunhui@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Currently, arch_touch_nmi_watchdog() causes an early return that skips
updating hrtimer_interrupts_saved. This leads to stale comparisons and
delayed lockup detection.
I found this issue because in our system the serial console is fairly
chatty. For example, the 8250 console driver frequently calls
touch_nmi_watchdog() via console_write(). If a CPU locks up after a timer
interrupt but before next watchdog check, we see the following sequence:
* watchdog_hardlockup_check() saves counter (e.g., 1000)
* Timer runs and updates the counter (1001)
* touch_nmi_watchdog() is called
* CPU locks up
* 10s pass: check() notices touch, returns early, skips update
* 10s pass: check() saves counter (1001)
* 10s pass: check() finally detects lockup
This delays detection to 30 seconds. With this fix, we detect the lockup
in 20 seconds.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260312-hardlockup-watchdog-fixes-v2-2-45bd8a0cc7ed@google.com
Signed-off-by: Mayank Rungta <mrungta@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Douglas Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Li Huafei <lihuafei1@huawei.com>
Cc: Max Kellermann <max.kellermann@ionos.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Stephane Erainan <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Wang Jinchao <wangjinchao600@gmail.com>
Cc: Yunhui Cui <cuiyunhui@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "watchdog/hardlockup: Improvements to hardlockup", v2.
This series addresses limitations in the hardlockup detector
implementations and updates the documentation to reflect actual behavior
and recent changes.
The changes are structured as follows:
Refactoring (Patch 1)
=====================
Patch 1 refactors watchdog_hardlockup_check() to return early if no
lockup is detected. This reduces the indentation level of the main
logic block, serving as a clean base for the subsequent changes.
Hardlockup Detection Improvements (Patches 2 & 4)
=================================================
The hardlockup detector logic relies on updating saved interrupt counts to
determine if the CPU is making progress.
Patch 1 ensures that the saved interrupt count is updated unconditionally
before checking the "touched" flag. This prevents stale comparisons which
can delay detection. This is a logic fix that ensures the detector
remains accurate even when the watchdog is frequently touched.
Patch 3 improves the Buddy detector's timeliness. The current checking
interval (every 3rd sample) causes high variability in detection time (up
to 24s). This patch changes the Buddy detector to check at every hrtimer
interval (4s) with a missed-interrupt threshold of 3, narrowing the
detection window to a consistent 8-12 second range.
Documentation Updates (Patches 3 & 5)
=====================================
The current documentation does not fully capture the variable nature of
detection latency or the details of the Buddy system.
Patch 3 removes the strict "10 seconds" definition of a hardlockup, which
was misleading given the periodic nature of the detector. It adds a
"Detection Overhead" section to the admin guide, using "Best Case" and
"Worst Case" scenarios to illustrate that detection time can vary
significantly (e.g., ~6s to ~20s).
Patch 5 adds a dedicated section for the Buddy detector, which was
previously undocumented. It details the mechanism, the new timing logic,
and known limitations.
This patch (of 5):
Invert the `is_hardlockup(cpu)` check in `watchdog_hardlockup_check()` to
return early when a hardlockup is not detected. This flattens the main
logic block, reducing the indentation level and making the code easier to
read and maintain.
This refactoring serves as a preparation patch for future hardlockup
changes.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260312-hardlockup-watchdog-fixes-v2-0-45bd8a0cc7ed@google.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260312-hardlockup-watchdog-fixes-v2-1-45bd8a0cc7ed@google.com
Signed-off-by: Mayank Rungta <mrungta@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Douglas Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Li Huafei <lihuafei1@huawei.com>
Cc: Max Kellermann <max.kellermann@ionos.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Stephane Erainan <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Wang Jinchao <wangjinchao600@gmail.com>
Cc: Yunhui Cui <cuiyunhui@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
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kexec_core.c does not do any cryptographic hashing, so the header
crypto/hash.h is not needed at all.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260314204144.44884-1-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Several files related to kernel crash dumps include crypto/sha1.h but
never use any of its functionality. Remove these includes so that these
files don't unnecessarily come up in searches for which kernel code is
still using the obsolete SHA-1 algorithm.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260314204243.45001-1-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
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The existing comment references specific individuals by name which becomes
outdated as new entries are added. Simplify it to state the alphabetical
ordering rule clearly without depending on who happens to be the last
entry.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260312011741.846664-2-hisamshar@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Hisam Mehboob <hisamshar@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Jakub Kacinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Cc: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
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back_str is only used when back_pat is non-NULL, and both are always set
together, so it is safe in practice. Initialize back_str to NULL to make
this safety invariant explicit and silence compiler/static analysis
warnings.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260312215249.50165-1-objecting@objecting.org
Signed-off-by: Josh Law <objecting@objecting.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
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The Assisted-by tag was introduced in
Documentation/process/coding-assistants.rst for attributing AI tool
contributions to kernel patches. However, checkpatch.pl did not recognize
this tag, causing two issues:
WARNING: Non-standard signature: Assisted-by:
ERROR: Unrecognized email address: 'AGENT_NAME:MODEL_VERSION'
Fix this by:
1. Adding Assisted-by to the recognized $signature_tags list
2. Skipping email validation for Assisted-by lines since they use the
AGENT_NAME:MODEL_VERSION format instead of an email address
3. Warning when the Assisted-by value doesn't match the expected format
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260311215818.518930-1-sashal@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Acked-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Cc: Dwaipayan Ray <dwaipayanray1@gmail.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Lukas Bulwahn <lukas.bulwahn@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Decode the caller address instead of the return address by default. This
also introduced -R option to provide return address decoding mode.
This changes the decode_stacktrace.sh to decode the line info 1byte before
the return address which will be the call(branch) instruction address. If
the return address is a symbol address (zero offset from it), it falls
back to decoding the return address.
This improves results especially when optimizations have changed the order
of the lines around the return address, or when the return address does
not have the actual line information.
With this change;
Call Trace:
<TASK>
dump_stack_lvl (lib/dump_stack.c:94 lib/dump_stack.c:120)
lockdep_rcu_suspicious (kernel/locking/lockdep.c:6876)
event_filter_pid_sched_process_fork (kernel/trace/trace_events.c:1057)
kernel_clone (include/trace/events/sched.h:396 include/trace/events/sched.h:396 kernel/fork.c:2664)
__x64_sys_clone (kernel/fork.c:2795 kernel/fork.c:2779 kernel/fork.c:2779)
do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94)
? entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:121)
? trace_irq_disable (include/trace/events/preemptirq.h:36)
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:121)
Without this (or give -R option);
Call Trace:
<TASK>
dump_stack_lvl (lib/dump_stack.c:122)
lockdep_rcu_suspicious (kernel/locking/lockdep.c:6877)
event_filter_pid_sched_process_fork (kernel/trace/trace_events.c:?)
kernel_clone (include/trace/events/sched.h:? include/trace/events/sched.h:396 kernel/fork.c:2664)
__x64_sys_clone (kernel/fork.c:2779)
do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:?)
? entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:130)
? trace_irq_disable (include/trace/events/preemptirq.h:36)
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:130)
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix spello]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/177275821652.1557019.18367881408364381866.stgit@mhiramat.tok.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Baerts (NGI0) <matttbe@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Luca Ceresoli <luca.ceresoli@bootlin.com> [arm64]
Cc: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin (Microsoft) <sashal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
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Several selftests Makefiles (e.g. prctl, breakpoints, etc) attempt to
normalize the ARCH variable by converting x86_64 and i.86 to x86.
However, it uses the conditional assignment operator '?='.
When ARCH is passed as a command-line argument (e.g., during an rpmbuild
process), the '?=' operator ignores the shell command and the sed
transformation. This leads to an incorrect ARCH value being used, which
causes build failures
# make -C tools/testing/selftests TARGETS=prctl ARCH=x86_64
make: Entering directory '/build/tools/testing/selftests'
make[1]: Entering directory '/build/tools/testing/selftests/prctl'
make[1]: *** No targets. Stop.
make[1]: Leaving directory '/build/tools/testing/selftests/prctl'
make: *** [Makefile:197: all] Error 2
Change the assignment to use 'override' and ':=' to ensure the
normalization logic is applied regardless of how the ARCH variable was
initially defined.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260309205145.572778-1-aleksey.oladko@virtuozzo.com
Signed-off-by: Aleksei Oladko <aleksey.oladko@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Cc: Bala-Vignesh-Reddy <reddybalavignesh9979@gmail.com>
Cc: Chelsy Ratnawat <chelsyratnawat2001@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
The ts_kmp algorithm stores its prefix_tbl[] table and pattern in a single
allocation sized from the pattern length. If the prefix_tbl[] size
calculation wraps, the resulting allocation can be too small and
subsequent pattern copies can overflow it.
Fix this by rejecting zero-length patterns and by using overflow helpers
before calculating the combined allocation size.
This fixes a potential heap overflow. The pattern length calculation can
wrap during a size_t addition, leading to an undersized allocation.
Because the textsearch library is reachable from userspace via Netfilter's
xt_string module, this is a security risk that should be backported to LTS
kernels.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260308202028.2889285-2-objecting@objecting.org
Signed-off-by: Josh Law <objecting@objecting.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
The ts_bm algorithm stores its good_shift[] table and pattern in a single
allocation sized from the pattern length. If the good_shift[] size
calculation wraps, the resulting allocation can be too small and
subsequent pattern copies can overflow it.
Fix this by rejecting zero-length patterns and by using overflow helpers
before calculating the combined allocation size.
This fixes a potential heap overflow. The pattern length calculation can
wrap during a size_t addition, leading to an undersized allocation.
Because the textsearch library is reachable from userspace via Netfilter's
xt_string module, this is a security risk that should be backported to LTS
kernels.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260308202028.2889285-1-objecting@objecting.org
Signed-off-by: Josh Law <objecting@objecting.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
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Remove the error assignment for variable 'ret' during correct code
execution. In subsequent execution, variable 'ret' is overwritten.
Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260307234809.88421-1-a.velichayshiy@ispras.ru
Signed-off-by: Alexey Velichayshiy <a.velichayshiy@ispras.ru>
Acked-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark@fasheh.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Cc: Changwei Ge <gechangwei@live.cn>
Cc: Jun Piao <piaojun@huawei.com>
Cc: Heming Zhao <heming.zhao@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
The include directory ../../usr/include is only present if an in-tree
kernel build with CONFIG_HEADERS_INSTALL was done before.
Otherwise the system UAPI headers are used, which most likely are not
the most recent ones.
To make sure to always have access to up-to-date UAPI headers,
use the static copy in tools/include/uapi.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260307-accounting-taskstats-h-v1-2-0b75915c6ce5@weissschuh.net
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/r/202603062103.Z5fecwZD-lkp@intel.com/
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiang Kun <jiang.kun2@zte.com.cn>
Cc: Wang Yaxin <wang.yaxin@zte.com.cn>
Cc: xu xin <xu.xin16@zte.com.cn>
Cc: Yang Yang <yang.yang29@zte.com.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Patch series "tools/getdelays: use the static UAPI headers from
tools/include/uapi".
The include directory ../../usr/include is only present if an in-tree
kernel build with CONFIG_HEADERS_INSTALL was done before. Otherwise the
system UAPI headers are used, which most likely are not the most recent
ones.
To make sure to always have access to up-to-date UAPI headers, use the
static copy in tools/include/uapi.
This patch (of 2):
To give the accounting tools access to the new fields introduced in commit
503efe850c74 ("delayacct: add timestamp of delay max")
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260307-accounting-taskstats-h-v1-0-0b75915c6ce5@weissschuh.net
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260307-accounting-taskstats-h-v1-1-0b75915c6ce5@weissschuh.net
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiang Kun <jiang.kun2@zte.com.cn>
Cc: Wang Yaxin <wang.yaxin@zte.com.cn>
Cc: xu xin <xu.xin16@zte.com.cn>
Cc: Yang Yang <yang.yang29@zte.com.cn>
Cc: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Fix undefined behavior caused by shifting a 32-bit integer by 32 bits
during decompression. This prevents potential kernel decompression
failures or corruption when parsing malicious or malformed bzip2 archives.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260308165012.2872633-1-objecting@objecting.org
Signed-off-by: Josh Law <objecting@objecting.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
ocfs2_unlink takes orphan dir inode_lock first and then ip_alloc_sem,
while in ocfs2_dio_end_io_write, it acquires these locks in reverse order.
This creates an ABBA lock ordering violation on lock classes
ocfs2_sysfile_lock_key[ORPHAN_DIR_SYSTEM_INODE] and
ocfs2_file_ip_alloc_sem_key.
Lock Chain #0 (orphan dir inode_lock -> ip_alloc_sem):
ocfs2_unlink
ocfs2_prepare_orphan_dir
ocfs2_lookup_lock_orphan_dir
inode_lock(orphan_dir_inode) <- lock A
__ocfs2_prepare_orphan_dir
ocfs2_prepare_dir_for_insert
ocfs2_extend_dir
ocfs2_expand_inline_dir
down_write(&oi->ip_alloc_sem) <- Lock B
Lock Chain #1 (ip_alloc_sem -> orphan dir inode_lock):
ocfs2_dio_end_io_write
down_write(&oi->ip_alloc_sem) <- Lock B
ocfs2_del_inode_from_orphan()
inode_lock(orphan_dir_inode) <- Lock A
Deadlock Scenario:
CPU0 (unlink) CPU1 (dio_end_io_write)
------ ------
inode_lock(orphan_dir_inode)
down_write(ip_alloc_sem)
down_write(ip_alloc_sem)
inode_lock(orphan_dir_inode)
Since ip_alloc_sem is to protect allocation changes, which is unrelated
with operations in ocfs2_del_inode_from_orphan. So move
ocfs2_del_inode_from_orphan out of ip_alloc_sem to fix the deadlock.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260306032211.1016452-1-joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com
Reported-by: syzbot+67b90111784a3eac8c04@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=67b90111784a3eac8c04
Fixes: a86a72a4a4e0 ("ocfs2: take ip_alloc_sem in ocfs2_dio_get_block & ocfs2_dio_end_io_write")
Signed-off-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Heming Zhao <heming.zhao@suse.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark@fasheh.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Cc: Joseph Qi <jiangqi903@gmail.com>
Cc: Changwei Ge <gechangwei@live.cn>
Cc: Jun Piao <piaojun@huawei.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Remove the unnecessary initialization of 'rcu' to false in
report_bug_entry() and report_bug(), as it is assigned by warn_rcu_enter()
before its first use.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260306162418.2815979-1-objecting@objecting.org
Signed-off-by: Josh Law <objecting@objecting.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
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Use lowercase "kernel BUG" consistently in pr_crit() messages. The
verbose path already uses "kernel BUG at %s:%u!" but the non-verbose
fallback uses "Kernel BUG" with an uppercase 'K'.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260306162327.2815553-1-objecting@objecting.org
Signed-off-by: Josh Law <objecting@objecting.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Fix "This results of this trade" to "The results of this trade" in the
comment describing the lbits and dbits tuning parameters.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260306161732.2812132-1-objecting@objecting.org
Signed-off-by: Josh Law <objecting@objecting.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
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Fix "all variable" to "all variables" in the file header comment.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260306161707.2812005-1-objecting@objecting.org
Signed-off-by: Josh Law <objecting@objecting.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
