summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
AgeCommit message (Collapse)Author
2026-03-31drm/msm/a6xx: Add missing aperture_lock initRob Clark
Looks like this was somehow missed when introducing gen8 support. Fixes: 288a93200892 ("drm/msm/adreno: Introduce A8x GPU Support") Signed-off-by: Rob Clark <robin.clark@oss.qualcomm.com> Reviewed-by: Dmitry Baryshkov <dmitry.baryshkov@oss.qualcomm.com> Reviewed-by: Akhil P Oommen <akhilpo@oss.qualcomm.com> Reviewed-by: Konrad Dybcio <konrad.dybcio@oss.qualcomm.com> Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/713545/ Message-ID: <20260323161603.1165108-1-robin.clark@oss.qualcomm.com>
2026-03-31drm/msm/vma: Avoid lock in VM_BIND fence signaling pathRob Clark
Use msm_gem_unpin_active(), similar to what is used in the GEM_SUBMIT path. This avoids needing to hold the obj lock, and the end result is the same. (As with GEM_SUBMIT, we know the fence isn't signaled yet.) Reported-by: Akhil P Oommen <akhilpo@oss.qualcomm.com> Fixes: 2e6a8a1fe2b2 ("drm/msm: Add VM_BIND ioctl") Signed-off-by: Rob Clark <robin.clark@oss.qualcomm.com> Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/712230/ Message-ID: <20260316184442.673558-1-robin.clark@oss.qualcomm.com>
2026-03-31drm/msm/a8xx: Update GPU name with slice_maskRob Clark
Once we've updated the chip_id after reading the slice_mask, also update the GPU name so it matches. Signed-off-by: Rob Clark <robin.clark@oss.qualcomm.com> Reviewed-by: Dmitry Baryshkov <dmitry.baryshkov@oss.qualcomm.com> Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/712225/ Message-ID: <20260316183436.671482-3-robin.clark@oss.qualcomm.com>
2026-03-31drm/msm/adreno: Change chip_id formatRob Clark
The "ipv4-style" %u.%u.%u.%u used to make sense when the chip_id was simply encoding gen.major.minor.patch. But this hasn't been true for at least a couple years. Switch to %08x, which is still easy enough to read for older devices, and much easier to read with the new scheme. Signed-off-by: Rob Clark <robin.clark@oss.qualcomm.com> Reviewed-by: Dmitry Baryshkov <dmitry.baryshkov@oss.qualcomm.com> Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/712222/ Message-ID: <20260316183436.671482-2-robin.clark@oss.qualcomm.com>
2026-03-31dt-bindings: display/msm/gpu: Drop redundant reg-names in one if:then:Krzysztof Kozlowski
Top-level reg-names defines already proper order for "reg-names" with minItems: 1, so no need to repeat it again in one of "if:then:" cases. Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@oss.qualcomm.com> Reviewed-by: David Heidelberg <david@ixit.cz> Reviewed-by: Dmitry Baryshkov <dmitry.baryshkov@oss.qualcomm.com> Acked-by: Rob Herring (Arm) <robh@kernel.org> Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/707987/ Message-ID: <20260301142033.88851-2-krzysztof.kozlowski@oss.qualcomm.com> Signed-off-by: Rob Clark <robin.clark@oss.qualcomm.com>
2026-03-31drm/msm: always recover the gpuAnna Maniscalco
Previously, in case there was no more work to do, recover worker wouldn't trigger recovery and would instead rely on the gpu going to sleep and then resuming when more work is submitted. Recover_worker will first increment the fence of the hung ring so, if there's only one job submitted to a ring and that causes an hang, it will early out. There's no guarantee that the gpu will suspend and resume before more work is submitted and if the gpu is in a hung state it will stay in that state and probably trigger a timeout again. Just stop checking and always recover the gpu. Signed-off-by: Anna Maniscalco <anna.maniscalco2000@gmail.com> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/704066/ Message-ID: <20260210-recovery_suspend_fix-v1-1-00ed9013da04@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Rob Clark <robin.clark@oss.qualcomm.com>
2026-03-31dt-bindings: display/msm/gmu: Add SDM670 compatibleRichard Acayan
The Snapdragon 670 has a GMU. Add its compatible. Signed-off-by: Richard Acayan <mailingradian@gmail.com> Acked-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org> Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/703803/ Message-ID: <20260210014603.1372-2-mailingradian@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Rob Clark <robin.clark@oss.qualcomm.com>
2026-03-31drm: gpu: msm: forbid mem reclaim from resetSergey Senozhatsky
We sometimes get into a situtation where GPU hangcheck fails to recover GPU: [..] msm_dpu ae01000.display-controller: [drm:hangcheck_handler] *ERROR* (IPv4: 1): hangcheck detected gpu lockup rb 0! msm_dpu ae01000.display-controller: [drm:hangcheck_handler] *ERROR* (IPv4: 1): completed fence: 7840161 msm_dpu ae01000.display-controller: [drm:hangcheck_handler] *ERROR* (IPv4: 1): submitted fence: 7840162 msm_dpu ae01000.display-controller: [drm:hangcheck_handler] *ERROR* (IPv4: 1): hangcheck detected gpu lockup rb 0! msm_dpu ae01000.display-controller: [drm:hangcheck_handler] *ERROR* (IPv4: 1): completed fence: 7840162 msm_dpu ae01000.display-controller: [drm:hangcheck_handler] *ERROR* (IPv4: 1): submitted fence: 7840163 [..] The problem is that msm_job worker is blocked on gpu->lock INFO: task ring0:155 blocked for more than 122 seconds. Not tainted 6.6.99-08727-gaac38b365d2c #1 task:ring0 state:D stack:0 pid:155 ppid:2 flags:0x00000008 Call trace: __switch_to+0x108/0x208 schedule+0x544/0x11f0 schedule_preempt_disabled+0x30/0x50 __mutex_lock_common+0x410/0x850 __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x28/0x40 mutex_lock+0x5c/0x90 msm_job_run+0x9c/0x140 drm_sched_main+0x514/0x938 kthread+0x114/0x138 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 which is owned by recover worker, which is waiting for DMA fences from a memory reclaim path, under the very same gpu->lock INFO: task ring0:155 is blocked on a mutex likely owned by task gpu-worker:154. task:gpu-worker state:D stack:0 pid:154 ppid:2 flags:0x00000008 Call trace: __switch_to+0x108/0x208 schedule+0x544/0x11f0 schedule_timeout+0x1f8/0x770 dma_fence_default_wait+0x108/0x218 dma_fence_wait_timeout+0x6c/0x1c0 dma_resv_wait_timeout+0xe4/0x118 active_purge+0x34/0x98 drm_gem_lru_scan+0x1d0/0x388 msm_gem_shrinker_scan+0x1cc/0x2e8 shrink_slab+0x228/0x478 shrink_node+0x380/0x730 try_to_free_pages+0x204/0x510 __alloc_pages_direct_reclaim+0x90/0x158 __alloc_pages_slowpath+0x1d4/0x4a0 __alloc_pages+0x9f0/0xc88 vm_area_alloc_pages+0x17c/0x260 __vmalloc_node_range+0x1c0/0x420 kvmalloc_node+0xe8/0x108 msm_gpu_crashstate_capture+0x1e4/0x280 recover_worker+0x1c0/0x638 kthread_worker_fn+0x150/0x2d8 kthread+0x114/0x138 So no one can make any further progress. Forbid recover/fault worker to enter memory reclaim (under gpu->lock) to address this deadlock scenario. Cc: Tomasz Figa <tfiga@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Rob Clark <rob.clark@oss.qualcomm.com> Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/700978/ Message-ID: <20260127073341.2862078-1-senozhatsky@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Rob Clark <robin.clark@oss.qualcomm.com>
2026-03-31blk-iocost: fix busy_level reset when no IOs completeJialin Wang
When a disk is saturated, it is common for no IOs to complete within a timer period. Currently, in this case, rq_wait_pct and missed_ppm are calculated as 0, the iocost incorrectly interprets this as meeting QoS targets and resets busy_level to 0. This reset prevents busy_level from reaching the threshold (4) needed to reduce vrate. On certain cloud storage, such as Azure Premium SSD, we observed that iocost may fail to reduce vrate for tens of seconds during saturation, failing to mitigate noisy neighbor issues. Fix this by tracking the number of IO completions (nr_done) in a period. If nr_done is 0 and there are lagging IOs, the saturation status is unknown, so we keep busy_level unchanged. The issue is consistently reproducible on Azure Standard_D8as_v5 (Dasv5) VMs with 512GB Premium SSD (P20) using the script below. It was not observed on GCP n2d VMs (with 100G pd-ssd and 1.5T local-ssd), and no regressions were found with this patch. In this script, cgA performs large IOs with iodepth=128, while cgB performs small IOs with iodepth=1 rate_iops=100 rw=randrw. With iocost enabled, we expect it to throttle cgA, the submission latency (slat) of cgA should be significantly higher, cgB can reach 200 IOPS and the completion latency (clat) should below. BLK_DEVID="8:0" MODEL="rbps=173471131 rseqiops=3566 rrandiops=3566 wbps=173333269 wseqiops=3566 wrandiops=3566" QOS="rpct=90 rlat=3500 wpct=90 wlat=3500 min=80 max=10000" echo "$BLK_DEVID ctrl=user model=linear $MODEL" > /sys/fs/cgroup/io.cost.model echo "$BLK_DEVID enable=1 ctrl=user $QOS" > /sys/fs/cgroup/io.cost.qos CG_A="/sys/fs/cgroup/cgA" CG_B="/sys/fs/cgroup/cgB" FILE_A="/path/to/sda/A.fio.testfile" FILE_B="/path/to/sda/B.fio.testfile" RESULT_DIR="./iocost_results_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)" mkdir -p "$CG_A" "$CG_B" "$RESULT_DIR" get_result() { local file=$1 local label=$2 local results=$(jq -r ' .jobs[0].mixed | ( .iops | tonumber | round ) as $iops | ( .bw_bytes / 1024 / 1024 ) as $bps | ( .slat_ns.mean / 1000000 ) as $slat | ( .clat_ns.mean / 1000000 ) as $avg | ( .clat_ns.max / 1000000 ) as $max | ( .clat_ns.percentile["90.000000"] / 1000000 ) as $p90 | ( .clat_ns.percentile["99.000000"] / 1000000 ) as $p99 | ( .clat_ns.percentile["99.900000"] / 1000000 ) as $p999 | ( .clat_ns.percentile["99.990000"] / 1000000 ) as $p9999 | "\($iops)|\($bps)|\($slat)|\($avg)|\($max)|\($p90)|\($p99)|\($p999)|\($p9999)" ' "$file") IFS='|' read -r iops bps slat avg max p90 p99 p999 p9999 <<<"$results" printf "%-8s %-6s %-7.2f %-8.2f %-8.2f %-8.2f %-8.2f %-8.2f %-8.2f %-8.2f\n" \ "$label" "$iops" "$bps" "$slat" "$avg" "$max" "$p90" "$p99" "$p999" "$p9999" } run_fio() { local cg_path=$1 local filename=$2 local name=$3 local bs=$4 local qd=$5 local out=$6 shift 6 local extra=$@ ( pid=$(sh -c 'echo $PPID') echo $pid >"${cg_path}/cgroup.procs" fio --name="$name" --filename="$filename" --direct=1 --rw=randrw --rwmixread=50 \ --ioengine=libaio --bs="$bs" --iodepth="$qd" --size=4G --runtime=10 \ --time_based --group_reporting --unified_rw_reporting=mixed \ --output-format=json --output="$out" $extra >/dev/null 2>&1 ) & } echo "Starting Test ..." for bs_b in "4k" "32k" "256k"; do echo "Running iteration: BS=$bs_b" out_a="${RESULT_DIR}/cgA_1m.json" out_b="${RESULT_DIR}/cgB_${bs_b}.json" # cgA: Heavy background (BS 1MB, QD 128) run_fio "$CG_A" "$FILE_A" "cgA" "1m" 128 "$out_a" # cgB: Latency sensitive (Variable BS, QD 1, Read/Write IOPS limit 100) run_fio "$CG_B" "$FILE_B" "cgB" "$bs_b" 1 "$out_b" "--rate_iops=100" wait SUMMARY_DATA+="$(get_result "$out_a" "cgA-1m")"$'\n' SUMMARY_DATA+="$(get_result "$out_b" "cgB-$bs_b")"$'\n\n' done echo -e "\nFinal Results Summary:\n" printf "%-8s %-6s %-7s %-8s %-8s %-8s %-8s %-8s %-8s %-8s\n" \ "" "" "" "slat" "clat" "clat" "clat" "clat" "clat" "clat" printf "%-8s %-6s %-7s %-8s %-8s %-8s %-8s %-8s %-8s %-8s\n\n" \ "CGROUP" "IOPS" "MB/s" "avg(ms)" "avg(ms)" "max(ms)" "P90(ms)" "P99" "P99.9" "P99.99" echo "$SUMMARY_DATA" echo "Results saved in $RESULT_DIR" Before: slat clat clat clat clat clat clat CGROUP IOPS MB/s avg(ms) avg(ms) max(ms) P90(ms) P99 P99.9 P99.99 cgA-1m 166 166.37 3.44 748.95 1298.29 977.27 1233.13 1300.23 1300.23 cgB-4k 5 0.02 0.02 181.74 761.32 742.39 759.17 759.17 759.17 cgA-1m 167 166.51 1.98 748.68 1549.41 809.50 1451.23 1551.89 1551.89 cgB-32k 6 0.18 0.02 169.98 761.76 742.39 759.17 759.17 759.17 cgA-1m 166 165.55 2.89 750.89 1540.37 851.44 1451.23 1535.12 1535.12 cgB-256k 5 1.30 0.02 191.35 759.51 750.78 759.17 759.17 759.17 After: slat clat clat clat clat clat clat CGROUP IOPS MB/s avg(ms) avg(ms) max(ms) P90(ms) P99 P99.9 P99.99 cgA-1m 162 162.48 6.14 749.69 850.02 826.28 834.67 843.06 851.44 cgB-4k 199 0.78 0.01 1.95 42.12 2.57 7.50 34.87 42.21 cgA-1m 146 146.20 6.83 833.04 908.68 893.39 901.78 910.16 910.16 cgB-32k 200 6.25 0.01 2.32 31.40 3.06 7.50 16.58 31.33 cgA-1m 110 110.46 9.04 1082.67 1197.91 1182.79 1199.57 1199.57 1199.57 cgB-256k 200 49.98 0.02 3.69 22.20 4.88 9.11 20.05 22.15 Signed-off-by: Jialin Wang <wjl.linux@gmail.com> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260331100509.182882-1-wjl.linux@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2026-03-31blk-cgroup: fix disk reference leak in blkcg_maybe_throttle_current()Jackie Liu
Add the missing put_disk() on the error path in blkcg_maybe_throttle_current(). When blkcg lookup, blkg lookup, or blkg_tryget() fails, the function jumps to the out label which only calls rcu_read_unlock() but does not release the disk reference acquired by blkcg_schedule_throttle() via get_device(). Since current->throttle_disk is already set to NULL before the lookup, blkcg_exit() cannot release this reference either, causing the disk to never be freed. Restore the reference release that was present as blk_put_queue() in the original code but was inadvertently dropped during the conversion from request_queue to gendisk. Fixes: f05837ed73d0 ("blk-cgroup: store a gendisk to throttle in struct task_struct") Signed-off-by: Jackie Liu <liuyun01@kylinos.cn> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260331085054.46857-1-liu.yun@linux.dev Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2026-03-31selftests: harness: Validate intermixing of kselftest and harness functionalityThomas Weißschuh
Make sure that calling ksft_test_result_*() functions from harness tests work as expected. Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <thomas.weissschuh@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260302-kselftest-harness-v2-5-3143aa41d989@linutronix.de Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-03-31selftests: harness: Detect illegal mixing of kselftest and harness functionalityThomas Weißschuh
Users may accidentally use the kselftest_test_result_*() functions in their harness tests. If ksft_finished() is not used, the results reported in this way are silently ignored. Detect such false-positive cases and fail the test. A more correct test would be to reject *any* usage of the ksft APIs but that would force code churn on users. Correct usages, which do use ksft_finished() will not trigger this validation as the test will exit before it. Reported-by: Yuwen Chen <ywen.chen@foxmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/tencent_56D79AF3D23CEFAF882E83A2196EC1F12107@qq.com/ Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <thomas.weissschuh@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260302-kselftest-harness-v2-4-3143aa41d989@linutronix.de Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-03-31selftests: kselftest: Add ksft_reset_state()Thomas Weißschuh
Add a helper to reset the internal state of the kselftest framework. It will be used by the selftest harness. Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <thomas.weissschuh@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260302-kselftest-harness-v2-2-3143aa41d989@linutronix.de Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-03-31selftests: harness: Validate that explicit kselftest exitcodes are handledThomas Weißschuh
The test programs can directly call exit with one of the KSFT_* constants. Add tests for this functionality. Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <thomas.weissschuh@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260302-kselftest-harness-v2-2-3143aa41d989@linutronix.de Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-03-31selftests: kselftest: Treat xpass as successful resultThomas Weißschuh
The harness treats these tests as successful, as does pytest. Align kselftest.h to the rest of the ecosystem. None of the Linux selftests seem to actually use this anyways. Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <thomas.weissschuh@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260302-kselftest-harness-v2-1-3143aa41d989@linutronix.de Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-03-31cgroup/cpuset: Skip security check for hotplug induced v1 task migrationWaiman Long
When a CPU hot removal causes a v1 cpuset to lose all its CPUs, the cpuset hotplug handler will schedule a work function to migrate tasks in that cpuset with no CPU to its ancestor to enable those tasks to continue running. If a strict security policy is in place, however, the task migration may fail when security_task_setscheduler() call in cpuset_can_attach() returns a -EACCES error. That will mean that those tasks will have no CPU to run on. The system administrators will have to explicitly intervene to either add CPUs to that cpuset or move the tasks elsewhere if they are aware of it. This problem was found by a reported test failure in the LTP's cpuset_hotplug_test.sh. Fix this problem by treating this special case as an exception to skip the setsched security check in cpuset_can_attach() when a v1 cpuset with tasks have no CPU left. With that patch applied, the cpuset_hotplug_test.sh test can be run successfully without failure. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2026-03-31cgroup/cpuset: Simplify setsched decision check in task iteration loop of ↵Waiman Long
cpuset_can_attach() Centralize the check required to run security_task_setscheduler() in the task iteration loop of cpuset_can_attach() outside of the loop as it has no dependency on the characteristics of the tasks themselves. There is no functional change. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2026-03-31drm/xe/uc: Track uc firmware state changesMichal Wajdeczko
Under CONFIG_DRM_XE_DEBUG_GUC print debug messages with each uc firmware state transition to better visualize the changes. [drm:xe_uc_fw_change_status [xe]] Tile0: GT0: GuC UNINITIALIZED->SELECTED [drm:xe_uc_fw_change_status [xe]] Tile0: GT0: GuC SELECTED->AVAILABLE [drm:xe_uc_fw_change_status [xe]] Tile0: GT0: GuC AVAILABLE->LOADABLE [drm:xe_uc_fw_change_status [xe]] Tile0: GT0: GuC LOADABLE->TRANSFERRED [drm:xe_uc_fw_change_status [xe]] Tile0: GT0: GuC TRANSFERRED->RUNNING Signed-off-by: Michal Wajdeczko <michal.wajdeczko@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260327202407.563-1-michal.wajdeczko@intel.com
2026-03-31drm/i915/dp: Implement the POST_LT_ADJ_REQ sequenceVille Syrjälä
Implement the POST_LT_ADJ_REQ sequence, which should be used to further fine tune the link if TPS4 is not supported. The POST_LT_ADJ_REQ sequence will be performed after the normal link training has succeeded. Only the final hop between the last LTTPR and DPRX will perform the POST_LT_ADJ_REQ adjustment. The earlier hops will use TPS4 instead since it's mandatory for LTTPRs. The sequence will terminate when the sink clears the "in progress" flag, the vswing/pre-emphasis values have changed six times, or the vswing/pre-emphasis values have remained unchanged for 200 ms. Tested-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260330202629.28616-2-ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com
2026-03-31selftests/tracing: Fix to check awk supports non POSIX strtonum()Masami Hiramatsu (Google)
Check the awk command supports non POSIX strtonum() function in the trace_marker_raw test case. Fixes: 37f46601383a ("selftests/tracing: Add basic test for trace_marker_raw file") Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/177071726229.2369897.11506524546451139051.stgit@mhiramat.tok.corp.google.com Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-03-31selftests/tracing: Fix to make --logdir option work againMasami Hiramatsu (Google)
Since commit a0aa283c53a7 ("selftest/ftrace: Generalise ftracetest to use with RV") moved the default LOG_DIR setting after --logdir option parser, it overwrites the user given LOG_DIR. This fixes it to check the --logdir option parameter when setting new default LOG_DIR with a new TOP_DIR. Fixes: a0aa283c53a7 ("selftest/ftrace: Generalise ftracetest to use with RV") Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Tested-by: Gabriele Monaco <gmonaco@redhat.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/177071725191.2369897.14781037901532893911.stgit@mhiramat.tok.corp.google.com Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-03-31tracing: Remove duplicate latency_fsnotify() stubSteven Rostedt
When the SNAPSHOT is defined but FSNOTIFY is not the latency_fsnotify() function is turned into a static inline stub. But this stub was defined in both trace.h and trace_snapshot.c causing a error in build when CONFIG_SNAPSHOT is defined but FSNOTIFY is not. The stub is not needed in trace_snapshot.c as it will be defined in trace.h, remove it from the C file. Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260330205859.24c0aae3@gandalf.local.home Fixes: bade44fe5462 ("tracing: Move snapshot code out of trace.c and into trace_snapshot.c") Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202603310604.lGE9LDBK-lkp@intel.com/ Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-03-31tracing: Preserve repeated trace_trigger boot parametersWesley Atwell
trace_trigger= tokenizes bootup_trigger_buf in place and stores pointers into that buffer for later trigger registration. Repeated trace_trigger= parameters overwrite the buffer contents from earlier calls, leaving only the last set of parsed event and trigger strings. Keep each new trace_trigger= string at the end of bootup_trigger_buf and parse only the appended range. That preserves the earlier event and trigger strings while still letting repeated parameters queue additional boot-time triggers. This also lets Bootconfig array values work naturally when they expand to repeated trace_trigger= entries. Before this change, only the last trace_trigger= instance survived boot. Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260330181103.1851230-2-atwellwea@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Wesley Atwell <atwellwea@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-03-31tracing: Append repeated boot-time tracing parametersWesley Atwell
Some tracing boot parameters already accept delimited value lists, but their __setup() handlers keep only the last instance seen at boot. Make repeated instances append to the same boot-time buffer in the format each parser already consumes. Use a shared trace_append_boot_param() helper for the ftrace filters, trace_options, and kprobe_event boot parameters. This also lets Bootconfig array values work naturally when they expand to repeated param=value entries. Before this change, only the last instance from each repeated parameter survived boot. Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260330181103.1851230-1-atwellwea@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Wesley Atwell <atwellwea@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-03-31nilfs2: reject zero bd_oblocknr in nilfs_ioctl_mark_blocks_dirty()Deepanshu Kartikey
nilfs_ioctl_mark_blocks_dirty() uses bd_oblocknr to detect dead blocks by comparing it with the current block number bd_blocknr. If they differ, the block is considered dead and skipped. However, bd_oblocknr should never be 0 since block 0 typically stores the primary superblock and is never a valid GC target block. A corrupted ioctl request with bd_oblocknr set to 0 causes the comparison to incorrectly match when the lookup returns -ENOENT and sets bd_blocknr to 0, bypassing the dead block check and calling nilfs_bmap_mark() on a non-existent block. This causes nilfs_btree_do_lookup() to return -ENOENT, triggering the WARN_ON(ret == -ENOENT). Fix this by rejecting ioctl requests with bd_oblocknr set to 0 at the beginning of each iteration. [ryusuke: slightly modified the commit message and comments for accuracy] Fixes: 7942b919f732 ("nilfs2: ioctl operations") Reported-by: syzbot+98a040252119df0506f8@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=98a040252119df0506f8 Suggested-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Deepanshu Kartikey <Kartikey406@gmail.com> Reported-by: syzbot+466a45fcfb0562f5b9a0@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=466a45fcfb0562f5b9a0 Cc: Junjie Cao <junjie.cao@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Viacheslav Dubeyko <slava@dubeyko.com>
2026-03-31Merge tag 'fs_for_v7.0-rc7' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs Pull udf fix from Jan Kara: "Fix for a race in UDF that can lead to memory corruption" * tag 'fs_for_v7.0-rc7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs: udf: Fix race between file type conversion and writeback mpage: Provide variant of mpage_writepages() with own optional folio handler
2026-03-31EDAC/mc: Use kzalloc_flex()Rosen Penev
Convert struct mem_ctl_info to use flex array and use the new flex array helpers to enable runtime bounds checking, including annotating the array length member with __counted_by() for extra runtime analysis when requested. Move memcpy() after the counter assignment so that it is initialized before the first reference to the flex array, as the new attribute requires. [ bp: Heavily massage commit message. ] Signed-off-by: Rosen Penev <rosenp@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de> Reviewed-by: Yazen Ghannam <yazen.ghannam@amd.com> Reviewed-by: Qiuxu Zhuo <qiuxu.zhuo@intel.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260327024828.7377-1-rosenp@gmail.com
2026-03-31fwctl/bnxt_fwctl: Add documentation entriesPavan Chebbi
Add bnxt_fwctl to the driver and fwctl documentation pages. Link: https://patch.msgid.link/r/20260314151605.932749-6-pavan.chebbi@broadcom.com Reviewed-by: Andy Gospodarek <gospo@broadcom.com> Reviewed-by: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Pavan Chebbi <pavan.chebbi@broadcom.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
2026-03-31fwctl/bnxt_fwctl: Add bnxt fwctl devicePavan Chebbi
Create bnxt_fwctl device. This will bind to bnxt's aux device. On the upper edge, it will register with the fwctl subsystem. It will make use of bnxt's ULP functions to send FW commands. Link: https://patch.msgid.link/r/20260314151605.932749-5-pavan.chebbi@broadcom.com Reviewed-by: Andy Gospodarek <gospo@broadcom.com> Reviewed-by: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Pavan Chebbi <pavan.chebbi@broadcom.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
2026-03-31irqchip/renesas-rzg2l: Clear the shared interrupt bit in rzg2l_irqc_free()Biju Das
rzg2l_irqc_free() invokes irq_domain_free_irqs_common(), which internally calls irq_domain_reset_irq_data(). That explicitly sets irq_data->hwirq to 0. Consequently, irqd_to_hwirq(d) returns 0 when called after it. Since 0 falls outside the valid shared IRQ ranges, rzg2l_irqc_is_shared_and_get_irq_num() evaluates to false, completely bypassing the test_and_clear_bit() operation. This leaves the bit set in priv->used_irqs, causing future allocations to fail with -EBUSY. Fix this by retrieving irq_data and caching hwirq before calling irq_domain_free_irqs_common(). Fixes: e0fcae27ff57 ("irqchip/renesas-rzg2l: Add shared interrupt support") Signed-off-by: Biju Das <biju.das.jz@bp.renesas.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260328103324.134131-2-biju.das.jz@bp.renesas.com
2026-03-31platform/x86: toshiba_haps: Convert ACPI driver to a platform oneRafael J. Wysocki
In all cases in which a struct acpi_driver is used for binding a driver to an ACPI device object, a corresponding platform device is created by the ACPI core and that device is regarded as a proper representation of underlying hardware. Accordingly, a struct platform_driver should be used by driver code to bind to that device. There are multiple reasons why drivers should not bind directly to ACPI device objects [1]. Overall, it is better to bind drivers to platform devices than to their ACPI companions, so convert the Toshiba HDD Active Protection Sensor driver from an ACPI driver to a platform one. While this is not expected to alter functionality, it changes sysfs layout and so it will be visible to user space. Note that the sysfs attributes in haps_attr_group will still be there in the sysfs directory of the ACPI companion of the platform device used for driver binding in case there are tools in user space expecting them to be present there. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/2396510.ElGaqSPkdT@rafael.j.wysocki/ [1] Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/2045343.PYKUYFuaPT@rafael.j.wysocki Reviewed-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
2026-03-31platform/x86: toshiba_haps: Register ACPI notify handler directlyRafael J. Wysocki
To facilitate subsequent conversion of the driver to a platform one, make it install an ACPI notify handler directly instead of using a .notify() callback in struct acpi_driver. No intentional functional impact. Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/10834562.nUPlyArG6x@rafael.j.wysocki Reviewed-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
2026-03-31platform/x86: toshiba_bluetooth: Convert ACPI driver to a platform oneRafael J. Wysocki
In all cases in which a struct acpi_driver is used for binding a driver to an ACPI device object, a corresponding platform device is created by the ACPI core and that device is regarded as a proper representation of underlying hardware. Accordingly, a struct platform_driver should be used by driver code to bind to that device. There are multiple reasons why drivers should not bind directly to ACPI device objects [1]. Overall, it is better to bind drivers to platform devices than to their ACPI companions, so convert the Toshiba Bluetooth Enable driver from an ACPI driver to a platform one. While this is not expected to alter functionality, it changes sysfs layout and so it will be visible to user space. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/2396510.ElGaqSPkdT@rafael.j.wysocki/ [1] Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/3420881.44csPzL39Z@rafael.j.wysocki Reviewed-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
2026-03-31platform/x86: toshiba_bluetooth: Register ACPI notify handler directlyRafael J. Wysocki
To facilitate subsequent conversion of the driver to a platform one, make it install an ACPI notify handler directly instead of using a .notify() callback in struct acpi_driver. No intentional functional impact. Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/3048289.e9J7NaK4W3@rafael.j.wysocki Reviewed-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
2026-03-31platform/x86: toshiba_acpi: Convert ACPI driver to a platform oneRafael J. Wysocki
In all cases in which a struct acpi_driver is used for binding a driver to an ACPI device object, a corresponding platform device is created by the ACPI core and that device is regarded as a proper representation of underlying hardware. Accordingly, a struct platform_driver should be used by driver code to bind to that device. There are multiple reasons why drivers should not bind directly to ACPI device objects [1]. Overall, it is better to bind drivers to platform devices than to their ACPI companions, so convert the Toshiba Laptop ACPI Extras driver from an ACPI driver to a platform one. After this change, all of the subordinate hwmon, IIO, and LED class devices will be registered under the platform device used for driver binding instead of its ACPI companion. While this is not expected to alter functionality, it changes sysfs layout and so it will be visible to user space. However, the sysfs attributes in toshiba_attr_group will still be there in the sysfs directory of the ACPI companion of the platform device used for driver binding to maintain backwards compatibility with possibly existing user space utilities depending on the presence of those attributes. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/2396510.ElGaqSPkdT@rafael.j.wysocki/ [1] Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/2269772.irdbgypaU6@rafael.j.wysocki Reviewed-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
2026-03-31platform/x86: toshiba_acpi: Register ACPI notify handler directlyRafael J. Wysocki
To facilitate subsequent conversion of the driver to a platform one, make it install an ACPI notify handler directly instead of using a .notify() callback in struct acpi_driver. No intentional functional impact. Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/5070377.GXAFRqVoOG@rafael.j.wysocki Reviewed-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
2026-03-31platform/x86: toshiba_acpi: Reorder code to avoid forward declarationRafael J. Wysocki
Move the definition of toshiba_acpi_notify() before the definitions of the functions that will refer to it after subsequent updates to avoid having to add a forward declarations of it. No intentional functional impact. Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/4734258.LvFx2qVVIh@rafael.j.wysocki Reviewed-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
2026-03-31iommufd/selftest: Remove MOCK_IOMMUPT_AMDV1 formatPranjal Shrivastava
syzbot found that allocating a mock domain with AMDV1 format could cause a WARN_ON because the selftest enabled DYNAMIC_TOP without providing the required driver_ops. The AMDV1 format in the selftest was a placeholder and was not actually used by any of the existing selftests. Instead of adding dummy driver_ops to satisfy the requirements of a format we don't currently test, remove the AMDV1 format option from the selftest. The MOCK_IOMMUPT_DEFAULT and MOCK_IOMMUPT_HUGE formats are unaffected as they use the amdv1_mock variant which does not enable DYNAMIC_TOP. Fixes: dcd6a011a8d5 ("iommupt: Add map_pages op") Link: https://patch.msgid.link/r/20260330092609.2659235-1-praan@google.com Reported-by: syzbot+453eb7add07c3767adab@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/69c1d50b.a70a0220.3cae05.0001.GAE@google.com/ Signed-off-by: Pranjal Shrivastava <praan@google.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
2026-03-31iommufd: Fix return value of iommufd_fault_fops_write()Zhenzhong Duan
copy_from_user() may return number of bytes failed to copy, we should not pass over this number to user space to cheat that write() succeed. Instead, -EFAULT should be returned. Link: https://patch.msgid.link/r/20260330030755.12856-1-zhenzhong.duan@intel.com Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: 07838f7fd529 ("iommufd: Add iommufd fault object") Signed-off-by: Zhenzhong Duan <zhenzhong.duan@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Lu Baolu <baolu.lu@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by: Pranjal Shrivastava <praan@google.com> Reviewed-by: Shuai Xue <xueshuai@linux.alibaba.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
2026-03-31ASoC: SOF: Intel: hda: Place check before dereferenceEthan Tidmore
The struct hext_stream is dereferenced before it is checked for NULL. Although it can never be NULL due to a check prior to hda_dsp_iccmax_stream_hw_params() being called, this change clears any confusion regarding hext_stream possibly being NULL. Check hext_stream for NULL and then assign its members. Detected by Smatch: sound/soc/sof/intel/hda-stream.c:488 hda_dsp_iccmax_stream_hw_params() warn: variable dereferenced before check 'hext_stream' (see line 486) Fixes: aca961f196e5d ("ASoC: SOF: Intel: hda: Add helper function to program ICCMAX stream") Signed-off-by: Ethan Tidmore <ethantidmore06@gmail.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260324173830.17563-1-ethantidmore06@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
2026-03-31mtd: spi-nor: micron-st: Enable die erase support for MT35XU02GCBAHaoyu Lu
The MT35XU02GCBA flash device does not support chip erase according to its datasheet, but supports die erase. The existing code had a TODO comment noting that the SPI_NOR_IO_MODE_EN_VOLATILE flag probably needs to be enabled and the driver implementation needs to be converted to use die erase. This patch enables the SPI_NOR_IO_MODE_EN_VOLATILE flag and adds the mt35_two_die_fixups to the MT35XU02GCBA entry, which includes the micron_st_nor_two_die_late_init() function that sets up die erase support. With these changes, the flash device can properly use die erase operations instead of chip erase. Signed-off-by: Haoyu Lu <hechushiguitu666@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Pratyush Yadav (Google) <pratyush@kernel.org> [pratyush@kernel.org: drop the whole comment instead of just the TODO line] Signed-off-by: Pratyush Yadav (Google) <pratyush@kernel.org>
2026-03-31dt-bindings: connector: add pd-disable dependencyXu Yang
When Power Delivery is not supported, the source is unable to obtain the current capability from the Source PDO. As a result, typec-power-opmode needs to be added to advertise such capability. Acked-by: Conor Dooley <conor.dooley@microchip.com> Fixes: 7a4440bc0d86 ("dt-bindings: connector: Add pd-disable property") Signed-off-by: Xu Yang <xu.yang_2@nxp.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260330063518.719345-1-xu.yang_2@nxp.com Signed-off-by: Rob Herring (Arm) <robh@kernel.org>
2026-03-31platform/x86/intel/tpmi: Use 32 bit aligned address for debugfs mem writeSrinivas Pandruvada
The memory write feature supports 32-bit writes to any TPMI offset. However, future hardware generations may not allow writes to non-32-bit aligned addresses due to hardware optimizations. Since all TPMI addresses are 64-bit aligned and correspond to 64-bit registers, enforce 32-bit alignment for write operations. Signed-off-by: Srinivas Pandruvada <srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260326182446.3478672-1-srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com Reviewed-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
2026-03-31printk: ringbuffer: fix errors in commentsLoïc Grégoire
The printk ringbuffer implementation is described in the comment as using three ringbuffers, but the current implementation uses two (desc and data). Update the comment so it matches the code. Fix few more known issues in the comments. Signed-off-by: Loïc Grégoire <loicgre@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260328021855.53956-1-loicgre@gmail.com [pmladek@suse.com: Fixed few more issues in the comments by John Ogness.] Signed-off-by: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
2026-03-31reset: amlogic: t7: Fix null reset opsRonald Claveau
Fix missing reset ops causing kernel null pointer dereference. This SOC's reset is currently not used yet. Signed-off-by: Ronald Claveau <linux-kernel-dev@aliel.fr> Fixes: fb4c31587adf ("reset: amlogic: add auxiliary reset driver support") Reviewed-by: Philipp Zabel <p.zabel@pengutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Philipp Zabel <p.zabel@pengutronix.de>
2026-03-31drm/xe/vm: Convert comma to semicolonChen Ni
Using a ',' in place of a ';' can have unintended side effects. Although that is not the case here, it seems best to use ';' unless ',' is intended. Found by inspection. No functional change intended. Compile tested only. Signed-off-by: Chen Ni <nichen@iscas.ac.cn> Reviewed-by: Shuicheng Lin <shuicheng.lin@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Shuicheng Lin <shuicheng.lin@intel.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260327032923.649869-1-nichen@iscas.ac.cn
2026-03-31riscv: dts: microchip: update mpfs gpio interrupts to better match the SoCConor Dooley
There are 3 GPIO controllers on this SoC, of which: - GPIO controller 0 has 14 GPIOs - GPIO controller 1 has 24 GPIOs - GPIO controller 2 has 32 GPIOs All GPIOs are capable of generating interrupts, for a total of 70. There are only 41 IRQs available however, so a configurable mux is used to ensure all GPIOs can be used for interrupt generation. 38 of the 41 interrupts are in what the documentation calls "direct mode", as they provide an exclusive connection from a GPIO to the PLIC. The 3 remaining interrupts are used to mux the interrupts which do not have a exclusive connection, one for each GPIO controller. The mux was overlooked when the bindings and driver were originally written for the GPIO controllers on Polarfire SoC, and the interrupts property in the GPIO nodes used to try and convey what the mapping was. Instead, the mux should be a device in its own right, and the GPIO controllers should be connected to it, rather than to the PLIC. Now that a binding exists for that mux, fix the inaccurate description of the interrupt controller hierarchy. GPIO controllers 0 and 1 do not have all 32 possible GPIO lines, so ngpios needs to be set to match the number of lines/interrupts. The m100pfsevp has conflicting interrupt mappings for controllers 0 and 2, as they cannot both be using an interrupt in "direct mode" at the same time, so the default replaces this impossible configuration. Reviewed-by: Linus Walleij <linusw@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Conor Dooley <conor.dooley@microchip.com>
2026-03-31rv/rvgen: use context managers for file operationsWander Lairson Costa
Replace manual file open and close operations with context managers throughout the rvgen codebase. The previous implementation used explicit open() and close() calls, which could lead to resource leaks if exceptions occurred between opening and closing the file handles. This change affects three file operations: reading DOT specification files in the automata parser, reading template files in the generator base class, and writing generated monitor files. All now use the with statement to ensure proper resource cleanup even in error conditions. Context managers provide automatic cleanup through the with statement, which guarantees that file handles are closed when the with block exits regardless of whether an exception occurred. This follows PEP 343 recommendations and is the standard Python idiom for resource management. The change also reduces code verbosity while improving safety and maintainability. Signed-off-by: Wander Lairson Costa <wander@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Nam Cao <namcao@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Gabriele Monaco <gmonaco@redhat.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260223162407.147003-7-wander@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Gabriele Monaco <gmonaco@redhat.com>
2026-03-31rv/rvgen: remove unnecessary semicolonsWander Lairson Costa
Remove unnecessary semicolons from Python code in the rvgen tool. Python does not require semicolons to terminate statements, and their presence goes against PEP 8 style guidelines. These semicolons were likely added out of habit from C-style languages. This cleanup improves consistency with Python coding standards and aligns with the recent improvements to remove other Python anti-patterns from the codebase. Signed-off-by: Wander Lairson Costa <wander@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Nam Cao <namcao@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Gabriele Monaco <gmonaco@redhat.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260223162407.147003-6-wander@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Gabriele Monaco <gmonaco@redhat.com>
2026-03-31rv/rvgen: replace __len__() calls with len()Wander Lairson Costa
Replace all direct calls to the __len__() dunder method with the idiomatic len() built-in function across the rvgen codebase. This change eliminates a Python anti-pattern where dunder methods are called directly instead of using their corresponding built-in functions. The changes affect nine instances across two files. In automata.py, the empty string check is further improved by using truthiness testing instead of explicit length comparison. In dot2c.py, all length checks in the get_minimun_type, __get_max_strlen_of_states, and get_aut_init_function methods now use the standard len() function. Additionally, spacing around keyword arguments has been corrected to follow PEP 8 guidelines. Direct calls to dunder methods like __len__() are discouraged in Python because they bypass the language's abstraction layer and reduce code readability. Using len() provides the same functionality while adhering to Python community standards and making the code more familiar to Python developers. Signed-off-by: Wander Lairson Costa <wander@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Gabriele Monaco <gmonaco@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Nam Cao <namcao@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260223162407.147003-5-wander@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Gabriele Monaco <gmonaco@redhat.com>