Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The stat shadow saved values rbtree is indexed by a pointer. Fix the comparison function: - We cannot return a pointer delta as an int because that loses bits on 64bit. - Doing pointer arithmetic on the struct pointer only works if the objects are spaced by the multiple of the object size, which is not guaranteed for individual malloc'ed object Replace it with a proper comparison. This fixes various problems with values not being found. Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170724234015.5165-4-andi@firstfloor.org Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Implementing a new --smi-cost mode in perf stat to measure SMI cost.
During the measurement, the /sys/device/cpu/freeze_on_smi will be set.
The measurement can be done with one counter (unhalted core cycles), and
two free running MSR counters (IA32_APERF and SMI_COUNT).
In practice, the percentages of SMI core cycles should be more useful
than absolute value. So the output will be the percentage of SMI core
cycles and SMI#. metric_only will be set by default.
SMI cycles% = (aperf - unhalted core cycles) / aperf
Here is an example output.
Performance counter stats for 'sudo echo ':
SMI cycles% SMI#
0.1% 1
0.010858678 seconds time elapsed
Users who wants to get the actual value can apply additional
--no-metric-only.
Signed-off-by: Kan Liang <Kan.liang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Robert Elliott <elliott@hpe.com>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495825538-5230-3-git-send-email-kan.liang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Add support for a new JSON event attribute to name MetricExpr for better
output in perf stat.
If the event has no MetricName it uses the normal event name instead to
describe the metric.
Before
% perf stat -a -I 1000 -e '{unc_p_clockticks,unc_p_freq_max_os_cycles}' --metric-only
time unc_p_freq_max_os_cycles
1.000149775 15.7
2.000344807 19.3
3.000502544 16.7
4.000640656 6.6
5.000779955 9.9
After
% perf stat -a -I 1000 -e '{unc_p_clockticks,unc_p_freq_max_os_cycles}' --metric-only
time freq_max_os_cycles %
1.000149775 15.7
2.000344807 19.3
3.000502544 16.7
4.000640656 6.6
5.000779955 9.9
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170320201711.14142-13-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Add generic infrastructure to perf stat to output ratios for
"MetricExpr" entries in the event lists. Many events are more useful as
ratios than in raw form, typically some count in relation to total
ticks.
Transfer the MetricExpr information from the alias to the evsel.
We mark the events that need to be collected for MetricExpr, and also
link the events using them with a pointer. The code is careful to always
prefer the right event in the same group to minimize multiplexing
errors. At the moment only a single relation is supported.
Then add a rblist to the stat shadow code that remembers stats based on
the cpu and context.
Then finally update and retrieve and print these values similarly to the
existing hardcoded perf metrics. We use the simple expression parser
added earlier to evaluate the expression.
Normally we just output the result without further commentary, but for
--metric-only this would lead to empty columns. So for this case use the
original event as description.
There is no attempt to automatically add the MetricExpr event, if it is
missing, however we suggest it to the user, because the user tool
doesn't have enough information to reliably construct a group that is
guaranteed to schedule. So we leave that to the user.
% perf stat -a -I 1000 -e '{unc_p_clockticks,unc_p_freq_max_os_cycles}'
1.000147889 800,085,181 unc_p_clockticks
1.000147889 93,126,241 unc_p_freq_max_os_cycles # 11.6
2.000448381 800,218,217 unc_p_clockticks
2.000448381 142,516,095 unc_p_freq_max_os_cycles # 17.8
3.000639852 800,243,057 unc_p_clockticks
3.000639852 162,292,689 unc_p_freq_max_os_cycles # 20.3
% perf stat -a -I 1000 -e '{unc_p_clockticks,unc_p_freq_max_os_cycles}' --metric-only
# time freq_max_os_cycles %
1.000127077 0.9
2.000301436 0.7
3.000456379 0.0
v2: Change from DivideBy to MetricExpr
v3: Use expr__ prefix. Support more than one other event.
v4: Update description
v5: Only print warning message once for multiple PMUs.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170320201711.14142-11-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Implement the TopDown formulas in 'perf stat'. The topdown basic metrics
reported by the kernel are collected, and the formulas are computed and
output as normal metrics.
See the kernel commit exporting the events for details on the used
metrics.
Committer note:
Output example:
# perf stat --topdown -a usleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
retiring bad speculation frontend bound backend bound
S0-C0 2 23.8% 11.6% 28.3% 36.3%
S0-C1 2 16.2% 15.7% 36.5% 31.6%
0.000579956 seconds time elapsed
#
v2: Always print all metrics, only use thresholds for coloring.
v3: Mark retiring over threshold green, not red.
v4: Only print one decimal digit
Fix color printing of one metric
v5: Avoid printing -0.0
v6: Remove extra frontend event lookup
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464119559-17203-2-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Currently only the task-clock event updates the runtime_nsec so it
cannot show the metric when using cpu-clock events. However cpu clock
works basically same as task-clock, so no need to not update the runtime
IMHO.
Before:
# perf stat -a -e cpu-clock,context-switches,page-faults,cycles sleep 0.1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
1217.759506 cpu-clock (msec)
93 context-switches
61 page-faults
18,958,022 cycles
0.101393794 seconds time elapsed
After:
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
1220.471884 cpu-clock (msec) # 12.013 CPUs utilized
118 context-switches # 0.097 K/sec
59 page-faults # 0.048 K/sec
17,941,247 cycles # 0.015 GHz
0.101594777 seconds time elapsed
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1463119263-5569-2-git-send-email-namhyung@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The commit 140aeadc1fb5 ("perf stat: Abstract stat metrics printing")
changed how shadow metrics are printed, but it missed to update the
width of the stalled backend cycles event to 7.2% like others. This
resulted in misaligned output like below:
Performance counter stats for 'pwd':
0.638313 task-clock (msec) # 0.567 CPUs utilized
0 context-switches # 0.000 K/sec
0 cpu-migrations # 0.000 K/sec
54 page-faults # 0.085 M/sec
885,600 cycles # 1.387 GHz
558,438 stalled-cycles-frontend # 63.06% frontend cycles idle
431,355 stalled-cycles-backend # 48.71% backend cycles idle
674,956 instructions # 0.76 insn per cycle
# 0.83 stalled cycles per insn
130,380 branches # 204.257 M/sec
<not counted> branch-misses
0.001125426 seconds time elapsed
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Fixes: 140aeadc1fb5 ("perf stat: Abstract stat metrics printing")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1463119263-5569-1-git-send-email-namhyung@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
All over the tree. Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com> cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Ravi Bangoria <ravi.bangoria@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-8nzhnokxyp8y4v7gf0j00oyb@git.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Add an extra check for frontend stalled in the metrics. This avoids an extra column for the --metric-only case when the CPU does not support frontend stalled. v2: Add separate init function Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1456858672-21594-8-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>