linux.git/net/core/sysctl_net_core.c, branch v4.11

net: Do not allow negative values for busy_read and busy_poll sysctl interfaces

2017-03-24T22:02:13+00:00

This change basically codifies what I think was already the limitations on
the busy_poll and busy_read sysctl interfaces.  We weren't checking the
lower bounds and as such could input negative values. The behavior when
that was used was dependent on the architecture. In order to prevent any
issues with that I am just disabling support for values less than 0 since
this way we don't have to worry about any odd behaviors.

By limiting the sysctl values this way it also makes it consistent with how
we handle the SO_BUSY_POLL socket option since the value appears to be
reported as a signed integer value and negative values are rejected.

Signed-off-by: Alexander Duyck 
Acked-by: Eric Dumazet 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller

bpf: make jited programs visible in traces

2017-02-17T18:40:05+00:00

Long standing issue with JITed programs is that stack traces from
function tracing check whether a given address is kernel code
through {__,}kernel_text_address(), which checks for code in core
kernel, modules and dynamically allocated ftrace trampolines. But
what is still missing is BPF JITed programs (interpreted programs
are not an issue as __bpf_prog_run() will be attributed to them),
thus when a stack trace is triggered, the code walking the stack
won't see any of the JITed ones. The same for address correlation
done from user space via reading /proc/kallsyms. This is read by
tools like perf, but the latter is also useful for permanent live
tracing with eBPF itself in combination with stack maps when other
eBPF types are part of the callchain. See offwaketime example on
dumping stack from a map.

This work tries to tackle that issue by making the addresses and
symbols known to the kernel. The lookup from *kernel_text_address()
is implemented through a latched RB tree that can be read under
RCU in fast-path that is also shared for symbol/size/offset lookup
for a specific given address in kallsyms. The slow-path iteration
through all symbols in the seq file done via RCU list, which holds
a tiny fraction of all exported ksyms, usually below 0.1 percent.
Function symbols are exported as bpf_prog_, in order to aide
debugging and attribution. This facility is currently enabled for
root-only when bpf_jit_kallsyms is set to 1, and disabled if hardening
is active in any mode. The rationale behind this is that still a lot
of systems ship with world read permissions on kallsyms thus addresses
should not get suddenly exposed for them. If that situation gets
much better in future, we always have the option to change the
default on this. Likewise, unprivileged programs are not allowed
to add entries there either, but that is less of a concern as most
such programs types relevant in this context are for root-only anyway.
If enabled, call graphs and stack traces will then show a correct
attribution; one example is illustrated below, where the trace is
now visible in tooling such as perf script --kallsyms=/proc/kallsyms
and friends.

Before:

  7fff8166889d bpf_clone_redirect+0x80007f0020ed (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
         f5d80 __sendmsg_nocancel+0xffff006451f1a007 (/usr/lib64/libc-2.18.so)

After:

  7fff816688b7 bpf_clone_redirect+0x80007f002107 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
  7fffa0575728 bpf_prog_33c45a467c9e061a+0x8000600020fb (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
  7fffa07ef1fc cls_bpf_classify+0x8000600020dc (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
  7fff81678b68 tc_classify+0x80007f002078 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
  7fff8164d40b __netif_receive_skb_core+0x80007f0025fb (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
  7fff8164d718 __netif_receive_skb+0x80007f002018 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
  7fff8164e565 process_backlog+0x80007f002095 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
  7fff8164dc71 net_rx_action+0x80007f002231 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
  7fff81767461 __softirqentry_text_start+0x80007f0020d1 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
  7fff817658ac do_softirq_own_stack+0x80007f00201c (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
  7fff810a2c20 do_softirq+0x80007f002050 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
  7fff810a2cb5 __local_bh_enable_ip+0x80007f002085 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
  7fff8168d452 ip_finish_output2+0x80007f002152 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
  7fff8168ea3d ip_finish_output+0x80007f00217d (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
  7fff8168f2af ip_output+0x80007f00203f (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
  [...]
  7fff81005854 do_syscall_64+0x80007f002054 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
  7fff817649eb return_from_SYSCALL_64+0x80007f002000 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
         f5d80 __sendmsg_nocancel+0xffff01c484812007 (/usr/lib64/libc-2.18.so)

Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann 
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov 
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller

net: dev_weight: TX/RX orthogonality

2016-12-29T20:38:35+00:00

Oftenly, introducing side effects on packet processing on the other half
of the stack by adjusting one of TX/RX via sysctl is not desirable.
There are cases of demand for asymmetric, orthogonal configurability.

This holds true especially for nodes where RPS for RFS usage on top is
configured and therefore use the 'old dev_weight'. This is quite a
common base configuration setup nowadays, even with NICs of superior processing
support (e.g. aRFS).

A good example use case are nodes acting as noSQL data bases with a
large number of tiny requests and rather fewer but large packets as responses.
It's affordable to have large budget and rx dev_weights for the
requests. But as a side effect having this large a number on TX
processed in one run can overwhelm drivers.

This patch therefore introduces an independent configurability via sysctl to
userland.

Signed-off-by: Matthias Tafelmeier 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller

net: rfs: add a jump label

2016-12-08T18:18:35+00:00

RFS is not commonly used, so add a jump label to avoid some conditionals
in fast path.

Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet 
Cc: Paolo Abeni 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller

bpf: add generic constant blinding for use in jits

2016-05-16T17:49:32+00:00

This work adds a generic facility for use from eBPF JIT compilers
that allows for further hardening of JIT generated images through
blinding constants. In response to the original work on BPF JIT
spraying published by Keegan McAllister [1], most BPF JITs were
changed to make images read-only and start at a randomized offset
in the page, where the rest was filled with trap instructions. We
have this nowadays in x86, arm, arm64 and s390 JIT compilers.
Additionally, later work also made eBPF interpreter images read
only for kernels supporting DEBUG_SET_MODULE_RONX, that is, x86,
arm, arm64 and s390 archs as well currently. This is done by
default for mentioned JITs when JITing is enabled. Furthermore,
we had a generic and configurable constant blinding facility on our
todo for quite some time now to further make spraying harder, and
first implementation since around netconf 2016.

We found that for systems where untrusted users can load cBPF/eBPF
code where JIT is enabled, start offset randomization helps a bit
to make jumps into crafted payload harder, but in case where larger
programs that cross page boundary are injected, we again have some
part of the program opcodes at a page start offset. With improved
guessing and more reliable payload injection, chances can increase
to jump into such payload. Elena Reshetova recently wrote a test
case for it [2, 3]. Moreover, eBPF comes with 64 bit constants, which
can leave some more room for payloads. Note that for all this,
additional bugs in the kernel are still required to make the jump
(and of course to guess right, to not jump into a trap) and naturally
the JIT must be enabled, which is disabled by default.

For helping mitigation, the general idea is to provide an option
bpf_jit_harden that admins can tweak along with bpf_jit_enable, so
that for cases where JIT should be enabled for performance reasons,
the generated image can be further hardened with blinding constants
for unpriviledged users (bpf_jit_harden == 1), with trading off
performance for these, but not for privileged ones. We also added
the option of blinding for all users (bpf_jit_harden == 2), which
is quite helpful for testing f.e. with test_bpf.ko. There are no
further e.g. hardening levels of bpf_jit_harden switch intended,
rationale is to have it dead simple to use as on/off. Since this
functionality would need to be duplicated over and over for JIT
compilers to use, which are already complex enough, we provide a
generic eBPF byte-code level based blinding implementation, which is
then just transparently JITed. JIT compilers need to make only a few
changes to integrate this facility and can be migrated one by one.

This option is for eBPF JITs and will be used in x86, arm64, s390
without too much effort, and soon ppc64 JITs, thus that native eBPF
can be blinded as well as cBPF to eBPF migrations, so that both can
be covered with a single implementation. The rule for JITs is that
bpf_jit_blind_constants() must be called from bpf_int_jit_compile(),
and in case blinding is disabled, we follow normally with JITing the
passed program. In case blinding is enabled and we fail during the
process of blinding itself, we must return with the interpreter.
Similarly, in case the JITing process after the blinding failed, we
return normally to the interpreter with the non-blinded code. Meaning,
interpreter doesn't change in any way and operates on eBPF code as
usual. For doing this pre-JIT blinding step, we need to make use of
a helper/auxiliary register, here BPF_REG_AX. This is strictly internal
to the JIT and not in any way part of the eBPF architecture. Just like
in the same way as JITs internally make use of some helper registers
when emitting code, only that here the helper register is one
abstraction level higher in eBPF bytecode, but nevertheless in JIT
phase. That helper register is needed since f.e. manually written
program can issue loads to all registers of eBPF architecture.

The core concept with the additional register is: blind out all 32
and 64 bit constants by converting BPF_K based instructions into a
small sequence from K_VAL into ((RND ^ K_VAL) ^ RND). Therefore, this
is transformed into: BPF_REG_AX := (RND ^ K_VAL), BPF_REG_AX ^= RND,
and REG BPF_REG_AX, so actual operation on the target register
is translated from BPF_K into BPF_X one that is operating on
BPF_REG_AX's content. During rewriting phase when blinding, RND is
newly generated via prandom_u32() for each processed instruction.
64 bit loads are split into two 32 bit loads to make translation and
patching not too complex. Only basic thing required by JITs is to
call the helper bpf_jit_blind_constants()/bpf_jit_prog_release_other()
pair, and to map BPF_REG_AX into an unused register.

Small bpf_jit_disasm extract from [2] when applied to x86 JIT:

echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_harden

ffffffffa034f5e9 + :
[...]
39: mov $0xa8909090,%eax
3e: mov $0xa8909090,%eax
43: mov $0xa8ff3148,%eax
48: mov $0xa89081b4,%eax
4d: mov $0xa8900bb0,%eax
52: mov $0xa810e0c1,%eax
57: mov $0xa8908eb4,%eax
5c: mov $0xa89020b0,%eax
[...]

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_harden

ffffffffa034f1e5 + :
[...]
39: mov $0xe1192563,%r10d
3f: xor $0x4989b5f3,%r10d
46: mov %r10d,%eax
49: mov $0xb8296d93,%r10d
4f: xor $0x10b9fd03,%r10d
56: mov %r10d,%eax
59: mov $0x8c381146,%r10d
5f: xor $0x24c7200e,%r10d
66: mov %r10d,%eax
69: mov $0xeb2a830e,%r10d
6f: xor $0x43ba02ba,%r10d
76: mov %r10d,%eax
79: mov $0xd9730af,%r10d
7f: xor $0xa5073b1f,%r10d
86: mov %r10d,%eax
89: mov $0x9a45662b,%r10d
8f: xor $0x325586ea,%r10d
96: mov %r10d,%eax
[...]

As can be seen, original constants that carry payload are hidden
when enabled, actual operations are transformed from constant-based
to register-based ones, making jumps into constants ineffective.
Above extract/example uses single BPF load instruction over and
over, but of course all instructions with constants are blinded.

Performance wise, JIT with blinding performs a bit slower than just
JIT and faster than interpreter case. This is expected, since we
still get all the performance benefits from JITing and in normal
use-cases not every single instruction needs to be blinded. Summing
up all 296 test cases averaged over multiple runs from test_bpf.ko
suite, interpreter was 55% slower than JIT only and JIT with blinding
was 8% slower than JIT only. Since there are also some extremes in
the test suite, I expect for ordinary workloads that the performance
for the JIT with blinding case is even closer to JIT only case,
f.e. nmap test case from suite has averaged timings in ns 29 (JIT),
35 (+ blinding), and 151 (interpreter).

BPF test suite, seccomp test suite, eBPF sample code and various
bigger networking eBPF programs have been tested with this and were
running fine. For testing purposes, I also adapted interpreter and
redirected blinded eBPF image to interpreter and also here all tests
pass.

[1] http://mainisusuallyafunction.blogspot.com/2012/11/attacking-hardened-linux-systems-with.html
[2] https://github.com/01org/jit-spray-poc-for-ksp/
[3] http://www.openwall.com/lists/kernel-hardening/2016/05/03/5

Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann
Reviewed-by: Elena Reshetova
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller

net:Add sysctl_max_skb_frags

2016-02-09T09:28:06+00:00

Devices may have limits on the number of fragments in an skb they support.
Current codebase uses a constant as maximum for number of fragments one
skb can hold and use.
When enabling scatter/gather and running traffic with many small messages
the codebase uses the maximum number of fragments and may thereby violate
the max for certain devices.
The patch introduces a global variable as max number of fragments.

Signed-off-by: Hans Westgaard Ry 
Reviewed-by: Håkon Bugge 
Acked-by: Eric Dumazet 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller

Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net

2015-03-20T22:51:09+00:00

Conflicts:
	drivers/net/ethernet/emulex/benet/be_main.c
	net/core/sysctl_net_core.c
	net/ipv4/inet_diag.c

The be_main.c conflict resolution was really tricky.  The conflict
hunks generated by GIT were very unhelpful, to say the least.  It
split functions in half and moved them around, when the real actual
conflict only existed solely inside of one function, that being
be_map_pci_bars().

So instead, to resolve this, I checked out be_main.c from the top
of net-next, then I applied the be_main.c changes from 'net' since
the last time I merged.  And this worked beautifully.

The inet_diag.c and sysctl_net_core.c conflicts were simple
overlapping changes, and were easily to resolve.

Signed-off-by: David S. Miller

net: increase sk_[max_]ack_backlog

2015-03-20T16:40:25+00:00

sk_ack_backlog & sk_max_ack_backlog were 16bit fields, meaning
listen() backlog was limited to 65535.

It is time to increase the width to allow much bigger backlog,
if admins change /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn &
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_max_syn_backlog default values.

Tested:

echo 5000000 >/proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn
echo 5000000 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_max_syn_backlog

Ran a SYNFLOOD test against a listener using listen(fd, 5000000)

myhost~# grep request_sock_TCP /proc/slabinfo
request_sock_TCP  4185642 4411940    304   13    1 : tunables   54   27    8 : slabdata 339380 339380      0

Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller

net: sysctl_net_core: check SNDBUF and RCVBUF for min length

2015-03-12T01:25:13+00:00

sysctl has sysctl.net.core.rmem_*/wmem_* parameters which can be
set to incorrect values. Given that 'struct sk_buff' allocates from
rcvbuf, incorrectly set buffer length could result to memory
allocation failures. For example, set them as follows:

    # sysctl net.core.rmem_default=64
      net.core.wmem_default = 64
    # sysctl net.core.wmem_default=64
      net.core.wmem_default = 64
    # ping localhost -s 1024 -i 0 > /dev/null

This could result to the following failure:

skbuff: skb_over_panic: text:ffffffff81628db4 len:-32 put:-32
head:ffff88003a1cc200 data:ffff88003a1cc200 tail:0xffffffe0 end:0xc0 dev:
kernel BUG at net/core/skbuff.c:102!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
...
task: ffff88003b7f5550 ti: ffff88003ae88000 task.ti: ffff88003ae88000
RIP: 0010:[]  [] skb_put+0xa1/0xb0
RSP: 0018:ffff88003ae8bc68  EFLAGS: 00010296
RAX: 000000000000008d RBX: 00000000ffffffe0 RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: ffff88003fdcf598 RSI: ffff88003fdcd9c8 RDI: ffff88003fdcd9c8
RBP: ffff88003ae8bc88 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 00000000000002b2 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: ffff88003d3f7300 R15: ffff88000012a900
FS:  00007fa0e2b4a840(0000) GS:ffff88003fc00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000000000d0f7e0 CR3: 000000003b8fb000 CR4: 00000000000006f0
Stack:
 ffff88003a1cc200 00000000ffffffe0 00000000000000c0 ffffffff818cab1d
 ffff88003ae8bd68 ffffffff81628db4 ffff88003ae8bd48 ffff88003b7f5550
 ffff880031a09408 ffff88003b7f5550 ffff88000012aa48 ffff88000012ab00
Call Trace:
 [] unix_stream_sendmsg+0x2c4/0x470
 [] sock_write_iter+0x146/0x160
 [] new_sync_write+0x92/0xd0
 [] vfs_write+0xd6/0x180
 [] SyS_write+0x59/0xd0
 [] system_call_fastpath+0x12/0x17
Code: 00 00 48 89 44 24 10 8b 87 c8 00 00 00 48 89 44 24 08 48 8b 87 d8 00
      00 00 48 c7 c7 30 db 91 81 48 89 04 24 31 c0 e8 4f a8 0e 00 <0f> 0b
      eb fe 66 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 55 48 89 e5 48 83
RIP  [] skb_put+0xa1/0xb0
RSP 
Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception

Moreover, the possible minimum is 1, so we can get another kernel panic:
...
BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff88013caee5c0
IP: [] __alloc_skb+0x12f/0x1f0
...

Signed-off-by: Alexey Kodanev 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller

net: use %*pb[l] to print bitmaps including cpumasks and nodemasks

2015-02-14T05:21:38+00:00

printk and friends can now format bitmaps using '%*pb[l]'.  cpumask
and nodemask also provide cpumask_pr_args() and nodemask_pr_args()
respectively which can be used to generate the two printf arguments
necessary to format the specified cpu/nodemask.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo 
Acked-by: David S. Miller 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds