linux.git/mm/sparse.c, branch v4.13-rc2

mm, memory_hotplug: do not associate hotadded memory to zones until online

2017-07-06T23:24:32+00:00

The current memory hotplug implementation relies on having all the
struct pages associate with a zone/node during the physical hotplug
phase (arch_add_memory->__add_pages->__add_section->__add_zone).  In the
vast majority of cases this means that they are added to ZONE_NORMAL.
This has been so since 9d99aaa31f59 ("[PATCH] x86_64: Support memory
hotadd without sparsemem") and it wasn't a big deal back then because
movable onlining didn't exist yet.

Much later memory hotplug wanted to (ab)use ZONE_MOVABLE for movable
onlining 511c2aba8f07 ("mm, memory-hotplug: dynamic configure movable
memory and portion memory") and then things got more complicated.
Rather than reconsidering the zone association which was no longer
needed (because the memory hotplug already depended on SPARSEMEM) a
convoluted semantic of zone shifting has been developed.  Only the
currently last memblock or the one adjacent to the zone_movable can be
onlined movable.  This essentially means that the online type changes as
the new memblocks are added.

Let's simulate memory hot online manually
  $ echo 0x100000000 > /sys/devices/system/memory/probe
  $ grep . /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones
  Normal Movable

  $ echo $((0x100000000+(128<<20))) > /sys/devices/system/memory/probe
  $ grep . /sys/devices/system/memory/memory3?/valid_zones
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable

  $ echo $((0x100000000+2*(128<<20))) > /sys/devices/system/memory/probe
  $ grep . /sys/devices/system/memory/memory3?/valid_zones
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/valid_zones:Normal Movable

  $ echo online_movable > /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/state
  $ grep . /sys/devices/system/memory/memory3?/valid_zones
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/valid_zones:Movable Normal

This is an awkward semantic because an udev event is sent as soon as the
block is onlined and an udev handler might want to online it based on
some policy (e.g.  association with a node) but it will inherently race
with new blocks showing up.

This patch changes the physical online phase to not associate pages with
any zone at all.  All the pages are just marked reserved and wait for
the onlining phase to be associated with the zone as per the online
request.  There are only two requirements

	- existing ZONE_NORMAL and ZONE_MOVABLE cannot overlap

	- ZONE_NORMAL precedes ZONE_MOVABLE in physical addresses

the latter one is not an inherent requirement and can be changed in the
future.  It preserves the current behavior and made the code slightly
simpler.  This is subject to change in future.

This means that the same physical online steps as above will lead to the
following state: Normal Movable

  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable

  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/valid_zones:Normal Movable

  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/valid_zones:Movable

Implementation:
The current move_pfn_range is reimplemented to check the above
requirements (allow_online_pfn_range) and then updates the respective
zone (move_pfn_range_to_zone), the pgdat and links all the pages in the
pfn range with the zone/node.  __add_pages is updated to not require the
zone and only initializes sections in the range.  This allowed to
simplify the arch_add_memory code (s390 could get rid of quite some of
code).

devm_memremap_pages is the only user of arch_add_memory which relies on
the zone association because it only hooks into the memory hotplug only
half way.  It uses it to associate the new memory with ZONE_DEVICE but
doesn't allow it to be {on,off}lined via sysfs.  This means that this
particular code path has to call move_pfn_range_to_zone explicitly.

The original zone shifting code is kept in place and will be removed in
the follow up patch for an easier review.

Please note that this patch also changes the original behavior when
offlining a memory block adjacent to another zone (Normal vs.  Movable)
used to allow to change its movable type.  This will be handled later.

[richard.weiyang@gmail.com: simplify zone_intersects()]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170616092335.5177-1-richard.weiyang@gmail.com
[richard.weiyang@gmail.com: remove duplicate call for set_page_links]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170616092335.5177-2-richard.weiyang@gmail.com
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove unused local `i']
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515085827.16474-12-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko 
Signed-off-by: Wei Yang 
Tested-by: Dan Williams 
Tested-by: Reza Arbab 
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens  # For s390 bits
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka 
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky 
Cc: Andi Kleen 
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli 
Cc: Balbir Singh 
Cc: Daniel Kiper 
Cc: David Rientjes 
Cc: Igor Mammedov 
Cc: Jerome Glisse 
Cc: Joonsoo Kim 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Tobias Regnery 
Cc: Toshi Kani 
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov 
Cc: Xishi Qiu 
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: consider zone which is not fully populated to have holes

2017-07-06T23:24:32+00:00

__pageblock_pfn_to_page has two users currently, set_zone_contiguous
which checks whether the given zone contains holes and
pageblock_pfn_to_page which then carefully returns a first valid page
from the given pfn range for the given zone.  This doesn't handle zones
which are not fully populated though.  Memory pageblocks can be offlined
or might not have been onlined yet.  In such a case the zone should be
considered to have holes otherwise pfn walkers can touch and play with
offline pages.

Current callers of pageblock_pfn_to_page in compaction seem to work
properly right now because they only isolate PageBuddy
(isolate_freepages_block) or PageLRU resp.  __PageMovable
(isolate_migratepages_block) which will be always false for these pages.
It would be safer to skip these pages altogether, though.

In order to do this patch adds a new memory section state
(SECTION_IS_ONLINE) which is set in memory_present (during boot time) or
in online_pages_range during the memory hotplug.  Similarly
offline_mem_sections clears the bit and it is called when the memory
range is offlined.

pfn_to_online_page helper is then added which check the mem section and
only returns a page if it is onlined already.

Use the new helper in __pageblock_pfn_to_page and skip the whole page
block in such a case.

[mhocko@suse.com: check valid section number in pfn_to_online_page (Vlastimil),
 mark sections online after all struct pages are initialized in
 online_pages_range (Vlastimil)]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170518164210.GD18333@dhcp22.suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515085827.16474-8-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko 
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka 
Cc: Andi Kleen 
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli 
Cc: Balbir Singh 
Cc: Dan Williams 
Cc: Daniel Kiper 
Cc: David Rientjes 
Cc: Heiko Carstens 
Cc: Igor Mammedov 
Cc: Jerome Glisse 
Cc: Joonsoo Kim 
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Reza Arbab 
Cc: Tobias Regnery 
Cc: Toshi Kani 
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov 
Cc: Xishi Qiu 
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm, sparsemem: break out of loops early

2017-07-06T23:24:31+00:00

There are a number of times that we loop over NR_MEM_SECTIONS, looking
for section_present() on each section.  But, when we have very large
physical address spaces (large MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS), NR_MEM_SECTIONS
becomes very large, making the loops quite long.

With MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS=46 and a section size of 128MB, the current loops
are 512k iterations, which we barely notice on modern hardware.  But,
raising MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS higher (like we will see on systems that
support 5-level paging) makes this 64x longer and we start to notice,
especially on slower systems like simulators.  A 10-second delay for
512k iterations is annoying.  But, a 640- second delay is crippling.

This does not help if we have extremely sparse physical address spaces,
but those are quite rare.  We expect that most of the "slow" systems
where this matters will also be quite small and non-sparse.

To fix this, we track the highest section we've ever encountered.  This
lets us know when we will *never* see another section_present(), and
lets us break out of the loops earlier.

Doing the whole for_each_present_section_nr() macro is probably
overkill, but it will ensure that any future loop iterations that we
grow are more likely to be correct.

Kirrill said "It shaved almost 40 seconds from boot time in qemu with
5-level paging enabled for me".

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170504174434.C45A4735@viggo.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen 
Tested-by: Kirill A. Shutemov 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/sparse: refine usemap_size() a little

2017-05-03T22:52:09+00:00

The current implementation calculates usemap_size in two steps:
    * calculate number of bytes to cover these bits
    * calculate number of "unsigned long" to cover these bytes

It would be more clear by:
    * calculate number of "unsigned long" to cover these bits
    * multiple it with sizeof(unsigned long)

This patch refine usemap_size() a little to make it more easy to
understand.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170310043713.96871-1-richard.weiyang@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Wei Yang 
Cc: Tejun Heo 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/memory_hotplug: set magic number to page->freelist instead of page->lru.next

2017-02-23T00:41:29+00:00

To identify that pages of page table are allocated from bootmem
allocator, magic number sets to page->lru.next.

But page->lru list is initialized in reserve_bootmem_region().  So when
calling free_pagetable(), the function cannot find the magic number of
pages.  And free_pagetable() frees the pages by free_reserved_page() not
put_page_bootmem().

But if the pages are allocated from bootmem allocator and used as page
table, the pages have private flag.  So before freeing the pages, we
should clear the private flag by put_page_bootmem().

Before applying the commit 7bfec6f47bb0 ("mm, page_alloc: check multiple
page fields with a single branch"), we could find the following visible
issue:

  BUG: Bad page state in process kworker/u1024:1
  page:ffffea103cfd8040 count:0 mapcount:0 mappi
  flags: 0x6fffff80000800(private)
  page dumped because: PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_FREE flag(s) set
  bad because of flags: 0x800(private)
  
  Call Trace:
  [...] dump_stack+0x63/0x87
  [...] bad_page+0x114/0x130
  [...] free_pages_prepare+0x299/0x2d0
  [...] free_hot_cold_page+0x31/0x150
  [...] __free_pages+0x25/0x30
  [...] free_pagetable+0x6f/0xb4
  [...] remove_pagetable+0x379/0x7ff
  [...] vmemmap_free+0x10/0x20
  [...] sparse_remove_one_section+0x149/0x180
  [...] __remove_pages+0x2e9/0x4f0
  [...] arch_remove_memory+0x63/0xc0
  [...] remove_memory+0x8c/0xc0
  [...] acpi_memory_device_remove+0x79/0xa5
  [...] acpi_bus_trim+0x5a/0x8d
  [...] acpi_bus_trim+0x38/0x8d
  [...] acpi_device_hotplug+0x1b7/0x418
  [...] acpi_hotplug_work_fn+0x1e/0x29
  [...] process_one_work+0x152/0x400
  [...] worker_thread+0x125/0x4b0
  [...] kthread+0xd8/0xf0
  [...] ret_from_fork+0x22/0x40

And the issue still silently occurs.

Until freeing the pages of page table allocated from bootmem allocator,
the page->freelist is never used.  So the patch sets magic number to
page->freelist instead of page->lru.next.

[isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com: fix merge issue]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/722b1cc4-93ac-dd8b-2be2-7a7e313b3b0b@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/2c29bd9f-5b67-02d0-18a3-8828e78bbb6f@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Ingo Molnar 
Cc: H. Peter Anvin 
Cc: Dave Hansen 
Cc: Vlastimil Babka 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Xishi Qiu 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/sparse: use page_private() to get page->private value

2017-02-23T00:41:29+00:00

free_map_bootmem() uses page->private directly to set
removing_section_nr argument.  But to get page->private value,
page_private() has been prepared.

So free_map_bootmem() should use page_private() instead of
page->private.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1d34eaa5-a506-8b7a-6471-490c345deef8@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Ingo Molnar 
Cc: H. Peter Anvin 
Cc: Dave Hansen 
Cc: Vlastimil Babka 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Xishi Qiu 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

treewide: replace obsolete _refok by __ref

2016-08-02T21:31:41+00:00

There was only one use of __initdata_refok and __exit_refok

__init_refok was used 46 times against 82 for __ref.

Those definitions are obsolete since commit 312b1485fb50 ("Introduce new
section reference annotations tags: __ref, __refdata, __refconst")

This patch removes the following compatibility definitions and replaces
them treewide.

/* compatibility defines */
#define __init_refok     __ref
#define __initdata_refok __refdata
#define __exit_refok     __ref

I can also provide separate patches if necessary.
(One patch per tree and check in 1 month or 2 to remove old definitions)

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466796271-3043-1-git-send-email-fabf@skynet.be
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick 
Cc: Ingo Molnar 
Cc: Sam Ravnborg 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

make __section_nr() more efficient

2016-07-28T23:07:41+00:00

When CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_EXTREME is disabled, __section_nr can get the
section number with a subtraction directly.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468988310-11560-1-git-send-email-zhouchengming1@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Zhou Chengming 
Cc: Dave Hansen 
Cc: Tejun Heo 
Cc: Hanjun Guo 
Cc: Li Bin 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: convert printk(KERN_ to pr_

2016-03-17T22:09:34+00:00

Most of the mm subsystem uses pr_ so make it consistent.

Miscellanea:

 - Realign arguments
 - Add missing newline to format
 - kmemleak-test.c has a "kmemleak: " prefix added to the
   "Kmemleak testing" logging message via pr_fmt

Signed-off-by: Joe Perches 
Acked-by: Tejun Heo 	[percpu]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: coalesce split strings

2016-03-17T22:09:34+00:00

Kernel style prefers a single string over split strings when the string is
'user-visible'.

Miscellanea:

 - Add a missing newline
 - Realign arguments

Signed-off-by: Joe Perches 
Acked-by: Tejun Heo 	[percpu]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds