linux.git/mm/migrate.c, branch v3.17

mm: migrate: Close race between migration completion and mprotect

2014-10-02T18:57:18+00:00

A migration entry is marked as write if pte_write was true at the time the
entry was created. The VMA protections are not double checked when migration
entries are being removed as mprotect marks write-migration-entries as
read. It means that potentially we take a spurious fault to mark PTEs write
again but it's straight-forward. However, there is a race between write
migrations being marked read and migrations finishing. This potentially
allows a PTE to be write that should have been read. Close this race by
double checking the VMA permissions using maybe_mkwrite when migration
completes.

[torvalds@linux-foundation.org: use maybe_mkwrite]
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman 
Acked-by: Rik van Riel 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: memcontrol: rewrite uncharge API

2014-08-08T22:57:17+00:00

The memcg uncharging code that is involved towards the end of a page's
lifetime - truncation, reclaim, swapout, migration - is impressively
complicated and fragile.

Because anonymous and file pages were always charged before they had their
page->mapping established, uncharges had to happen when the page type
could still be known from the context; as in unmap for anonymous, page
cache removal for file and shmem pages, and swap cache truncation for swap
pages.  However, these operations happen well before the page is actually
freed, and so a lot of synchronization is necessary:

- Charging, uncharging, page migration, and charge migration all need
  to take a per-page bit spinlock as they could race with uncharging.

- Swap cache truncation happens during both swap-in and swap-out, and
  possibly repeatedly before the page is actually freed.  This means
  that the memcg swapout code is called from many contexts that make
  no sense and it has to figure out the direction from page state to
  make sure memory and memory+swap are always correctly charged.

- On page migration, the old page might be unmapped but then reused,
  so memcg code has to prevent untimely uncharging in that case.
  Because this code - which should be a simple charge transfer - is so
  special-cased, it is not reusable for replace_page_cache().

But now that charged pages always have a page->mapping, introduce
mem_cgroup_uncharge(), which is called after the final put_page(), when we
know for sure that nobody is looking at the page anymore.

For page migration, introduce mem_cgroup_migrate(), which is called after
the migration is successful and the new page is fully rmapped.  Because
the old page is no longer uncharged after migration, prevent double
charges by decoupling the page's memcg association (PCG_USED and
pc->mem_cgroup) from the page holding an actual charge.  The new bits
PCG_MEM and PCG_MEMSW represent the respective charges and are transferred
to the new page during migration.

mem_cgroup_migrate() is suitable for replace_page_cache() as well,
which gets rid of mem_cgroup_replace_page_cache().  However, care
needs to be taken because both the source and the target page can
already be charged and on the LRU when fuse is splicing: grab the page
lock on the charge moving side to prevent changing pc->mem_cgroup of a
page under migration.  Also, the lruvecs of both pages change as we
uncharge the old and charge the new during migration, and putback may
race with us, so grab the lru lock and isolate the pages iff on LRU to
prevent races and ensure the pages are on the right lruvec afterward.

Swap accounting is massively simplified: because the page is no longer
uncharged as early as swap cache deletion, a new mem_cgroup_swapout() can
transfer the page's memory+swap charge (PCG_MEMSW) to the swap entry
before the final put_page() in page reclaim.

Finally, page_cgroup changes are now protected by whatever protection the
page itself offers: anonymous pages are charged under the page table lock,
whereas page cache insertions, swapin, and migration hold the page lock.
Uncharging happens under full exclusion with no outstanding references.
Charging and uncharging also ensure that the page is off-LRU, which
serializes against charge migration.  Remove the very costly page_cgroup
lock and set pc->flags non-atomically.

[mhocko@suse.cz: mem_cgroup_charge_statistics needs preempt_disable]
[vdavydov@parallels.com: fix flags definition]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: Hugh Dickins 
Cc: Tejun Heo 
Cc: Vladimir Davydov 
Tested-by: Jet Chen 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Tested-by: Felipe Balbi 
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: fix direct reclaim writeback regression

2014-07-26T21:38:50+00:00

Shortly before 3.16-rc1, Dave Jones reported:

  WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 19721 at fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c:971
           xfs_vm_writepage+0x5ce/0x630 [xfs]()
  CPU: 3 PID: 19721 Comm: trinity-c61 Not tainted 3.15.0+ #3
  Call Trace:
    xfs_vm_writepage+0x5ce/0x630 [xfs]
    shrink_page_list+0x8f9/0xb90
    shrink_inactive_list+0x253/0x510
    shrink_lruvec+0x563/0x6c0
    shrink_zone+0x3b/0x100
    shrink_zones+0x1f1/0x3c0
    try_to_free_pages+0x164/0x380
    __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x822/0xc90
    alloc_pages_vma+0xaf/0x1c0
    handle_mm_fault+0xa31/0xc50
  etc.

 970   if (WARN_ON_ONCE((current->flags & (PF_MEMALLOC|PF_KSWAPD)) ==
 971                   PF_MEMALLOC))

I did not respond at the time, because a glance at the PageDirty block
in shrink_page_list() quickly shows that this is impossible: we don't do
writeback on file pages (other than tmpfs) from direct reclaim nowadays.
Dave was hallucinating, but it would have been disrespectful to say so.

However, my own /var/log/messages now shows similar complaints

  WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 28814 at fs/ext4/inode.c:1881 ext4_writepage+0xa7/0x38b()
  WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 27347 at fs/ext4/inode.c:1764 ext4_writepage+0xa7/0x38b()

from stressing some mmotm trees during July.

Could a dirty xfs or ext4 file page somehow get marked PageSwapBacked,
so fail shrink_page_list()'s page_is_file_cache() test, and so proceed
to mapping->a_ops->writepage()?

Yes, 3.16-rc1's commit 68711a746345 ("mm, migration: add destination
page freeing callback") has provided such a way to compaction: if
migrating a SwapBacked page fails, its newpage may be put back on the
list for later use with PageSwapBacked still set, and nothing will clear
it.

Whether that can do anything worse than issue WARN_ON_ONCEs, and get
some statistics wrong, is unclear: easier to fix than to think through
the consequences.

Fixing it here, before the put_new_page(), addresses the bug directly,
but is probably the worst place to fix it.  Page migration is doing too
many parts of the job on too many levels: fixing it in
move_to_new_page() to complement its SetPageSwapBacked would be
preferable, except why is it (and newpage->mapping and newpage->index)
done there, rather than down in migrate_page_move_mapping(), once we are
sure of success? Not a cleanup to get into right now, especially not
with memcg cleanups coming in 3.17.

Reported-by: Dave Jones 
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: let mm_find_pmd fix buggy race with THP fault

2014-06-23T23:47:44+00:00

Trinity has reported:

    BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000018
    IP: __lock_acquire (kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3070 (discriminator 1))
    CPU: 6 PID: 16173 Comm: trinity-c364 Tainted: G        W
                            3.15.0-rc1-next-20140415-sasha-00020-gaa90d09 #398
    lock_acquire (arch/x86/include/asm/current.h:14
                  kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3602)
    _raw_spin_lock (include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:143
                    kernel/locking/spinlock.c:151)
    remove_migration_pte (mm/migrate.c:137)
    rmap_walk (mm/rmap.c:1628 mm/rmap.c:1699)
    remove_migration_ptes (mm/migrate.c:224)
    migrate_pages (mm/migrate.c:922 mm/migrate.c:960 mm/migrate.c:1126)
    migrate_misplaced_page (mm/migrate.c:1733)
    __handle_mm_fault (mm/memory.c:3762 mm/memory.c:3812 mm/memory.c:3925)
    handle_mm_fault (mm/memory.c:3948)
    __get_user_pages (mm/memory.c:1851)
    __mlock_vma_pages_range (mm/mlock.c:255)
    __mm_populate (mm/mlock.c:711)
    SyS_mlockall (include/linux/mm.h:1799 mm/mlock.c:817 mm/mlock.c:791)

I believe this comes about because, whereas collapsing and splitting THP
functions take anon_vma lock in write mode (which excludes concurrent
rmap walks), faulting THP functions (write protection and misplaced
NUMA) do not - and mostly they do not need to.

But they do use a pmdp_clear_flush(), set_pmd_at() sequence which, for
an instant (indeed, for a long instant, given the inter-CPU TLB flush in
there), leaves *pmd neither present not trans_huge.

Which can confuse a concurrent rmap walk, as when removing migration
ptes, seen in the dumped trace.  Although that rmap walk has a 4k page
to insert, anon_vmas containing THPs are in no way segregated from
4k-page anon_vmas, so the 4k-intent mm_find_pmd() does need to cope with
that instant when a trans_huge pmd is temporarily absent.

I don't think we need strengthen the locking at the THP end: it's easily
handled with an ACCESS_ONCE() before testing both conditions.

And since mm_find_pmd() had only one caller who wanted a THP rather than
a pmd, let's slightly repurpose it to fail when it hits a THP or
non-present pmd, and open code split_huge_page_address() again.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins 
Reported-by: Sasha Levin 
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov 
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Bob Liu 
Cc: Christoph Lameter 
Cc: Dave Jones 
Cc: David Rientjes 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

hugetlb: rename hugepage_migration_support() to ..._supported()

2014-06-04T23:54:12+00:00

We already have a function named hugepages_supported(), and the similar
name hugepage_migration_support() is a bit unconfortable, so let's rename
it hugepage_migration_supported().

Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi 
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm, migration: add destination page freeing callback

2014-06-04T23:54:06+00:00

Memory migration uses a callback defined by the caller to determine how to
allocate destination pages.  When migration fails for a source page,
however, it frees the destination page back to the system.

This patch adds a memory migration callback defined by the caller to
determine how to free destination pages.  If a caller, such as memory
compaction, builds its own freelist for migration targets, this can reuse
already freed memory instead of scanning additional memory.

If the caller provides a function to handle freeing of destination pages,
it is called when page migration fails.  If the caller passes NULL then
freeing back to the system will be handled as usual.  This patch
introduces no functional change.

Signed-off-by: David Rientjes 
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi 
Acked-by: Mel Gorman 
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka 
Cc: Greg Thelen 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: numa: add migrated transhuge pages to LRU the same way as base pages

2014-06-04T23:54:01+00:00

Migration of misplaced transhuge pages uses page_add_new_anon_rmap() when
putting the page back as it avoided an atomic operations and added the new
page to the correct LRU.  A side-effect is that the page gets marked
activated as part of the migration meaning that transhuge and base pages
are treated differently from an aging perspective than base page
migration.

This patch uses page_add_anon_rmap() and putback_lru_page() on completion
of a transhuge migration similar to base page migration.  It would require
fewer atomic operations to use lru_cache_add without taking an additional
reference to the page.  The downside would be that it's still different to
base page migration and unevictable pages may be added to the wrong LRU
for cleaning up later.  Testing of the usual workloads did not show any
adverse impact to the change.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Rik van Riel 
Cc: Sasha Levin 
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: fix swapops.h:131 bug if remap_file_pages raced migration

2014-03-21T05:09:09+00:00

Add remove_linear_migration_ptes_from_nonlinear(), to fix an interesting
little include/linux/swapops.h:131 BUG_ON(!PageLocked) found by trinity:
indicating that remove_migration_ptes() failed to find one of the
migration entries that was temporarily inserted.

The problem comes from remap_file_pages()'s switch from vma_interval_tree
(good for inserting the migration entry) to i_mmap_nonlinear list (no good
for locating it again); but can only be a problem if the remap_file_pages()
range does not cover the whole of the vma (zap_pte() clears the range).

remove_migration_ptes() needs a file_nonlinear method to go down the
i_mmap_nonlinear list, applying linear location to look for migration
entries in those vmas too, just in case there was this race.

The file_nonlinear method does need rmap_walk_control.arg to do this;
but it never needed vma passed in - vma comes from its own iteration.

Reported-and-tested-by: Dave Jones 
Reported-and-tested-by: Sasha Levin 
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: fix GFP_THISNODE callers and clarify

2014-03-11T00:26:19+00:00

GFP_THISNODE is for callers that implement their own clever fallback to
remote nodes.  It restricts the allocation to the specified node and
does not invoke reclaim, assuming that the caller will take care of it
when the fallback fails, e.g.  through a subsequent allocation request
without GFP_THISNODE set.

However, many current GFP_THISNODE users only want the node exclusive
aspect of the flag, without actually implementing their own fallback or
triggering reclaim if necessary.  This results in things like page
migration failing prematurely even when there is easily reclaimable
memory available, unless kswapd happens to be running already or a
concurrent allocation attempt triggers the necessary reclaim.

Convert all callsites that don't implement their own fallback strategy
to __GFP_THISNODE.  This restricts the allocation a single node too, but
at the same time allows the allocator to enter the slowpath, wake
kswapd, and invoke direct reclaim if necessary, to make the allocation
happen when memory is full.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner 
Acked-by: Rik van Riel 
Cc: Jan Stancek 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/migrate.c: fix setting of cpupid on page migration twice against normal page

2014-01-28T05:02:40+00:00

Commit 7851a45cd3f6 ("mm: numa: Copy cpupid on page migration") copies
over the cpupid at page migration time.  It is unnecessary to set it
again in alloc_misplaced_dst_page().

Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li 
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi 
Acked-by: Mel Gorman 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds