SCX's built-in idle CPU tracking is imperfect and can be out-of-sync
with the actual idle state of CPUs, especially immediately after
enabling SCX due to scx_idle_enable() marking all online CPUs idle.

scx_select_cpu_dfl() skips marking the selected CPU as busy if
the selected CPU is the waker CPU in the SCX_WAKE_SYNC case.
If the waker CPU was marked idle by SCX, it will still be marked idle
after CPU selection and potentially even after switching to the wakee.

In the allowed_cpus selftest, this can manifest as the test failing with
the following message in dmesg:

  allowed_cpus.bpf.c:21: CPU 0 should be marked as busy

This patch explicitly marks the waker CPU as busy. With this patch,
the test failure no longer reproduces. There are still some pretty
unlikely races that could make the test fail (e.g. pick_task_idle()
marking the selected CPU idle between selection and validation), but
these can't be fixed easily.

Signed-off-by: Kuba Piecuch <jpiecuch@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

Root enable and scx_post_fork() enable a task only if it's on the ext class.
Tasks on other classes, possible under an SCX_OPS_SWITCH_PARTIAL root, are
left READY and enabled by switching_to_scx() when they switch over. The sub
enable-commit pass and the sub-disable re-home loop enable unconditionally,
so a fair-class READY task in the subtree becomes ENABLED while not on
sched_ext. A later switch to SCHED_EXT then trips the task state validation
WARN (ENABLED with the previous state not READY) and calls ops.enable() a
second time.

Gate scx_enable_task() on the task's class in both loops.

Fixes: 337ec00b1d9c ("sched_ext: Implement cgroup sub-sched enabling and disabling")
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>

A sub-scheduler enable can fail before scx_link_sched() links the sched into
the hierarchy, e.g. when the parent is already being disabled, and cleanup
still runs the full scx_sub_disable().

That is racy against root disable: drain_descendants() is the only ordering
between a sub's disable-time task walk and root disable's all-task teardown,
and an unlinked sub is invisible to it. Root's teardown can thus run between
the never-linked sub's drain and its walk, exiting every task to no
scheduler.

The walk then trips the membership WARN and re-homes the exited tasks onto
the dying hierarchy, a use-after-free.

Skip the cgroup ownership reset and the task walk if @sch was never linked,
indicated by the empty ->sibling as unlinking only happens later in the same
function. The membership WARN remains valid: a linked sub is always waited
on by an ancestor's drain.

Fixes: 337ec00b1d9c ("sched_ext: Implement cgroup sub-sched enabling and disabling")
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>

scx_cgroup_lock() write-locks scx_cgroup_ops_rwsem and then takes
cgroup_lock(), which can deadlock through kernfs:

  scx enable/disable         cgroup rmdir           cpu.weight write
  ------------------         ------------           ----------------
                             cgroup_lock()
  percpu_down_write(rwsem)
  cgroup_lock()
                                                    kernfs_get_active()
                                                    percpu_down_read(rwsem)
                             kernfs_drain()

The enable path waits for the rmdir to release cgroup_mutex. The rmdir,
deactivating the cpu controller's files, waits in kernfs_drain() for the
write's active reference. The write, in scx_group_set_weight(), waits for
the rwsem behind the pending writer.

Take cgroup_lock() first. The set_* paths take no cgroup locks inside the
read side, so a pending write-lock then only waits for read sections that
always run to completion, and no dependency from the rwsem back to
cgroup_mutex remains.

Fixes: a5bd6ba30b33 ("sched_ext: Use cgroup_lock/unlock() to synchronize against cgroup operations")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v6.18+
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>

The p->scx.disallow revert assumes the root enable path, where the switching
loop reads the reverted policy right afterwards and leaves the task off SCX.
The sub-scheduler disable path also reaches it when re-initializing the
returned tasks on a root parent. Nothing reads the policy there: the task is
enabled on root anyway and keeps running on the ext class with a silently
rewritten policy.

Kill the sched instead, matching the fork and non-root branches, and update
the disallow documentation, which equated !fork with the load path and
pointed at a stale debugfs path for nr_rejected.

Fixes: 337ec00b1d9c ("sched_ext: Implement cgroup sub-sched enabling and disabling")
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>

When switching a task's sched_class away from sched_ext, we get the
following sequence of events in __sched_setscheduler():

sched_change_begin()
  switched_from_scx()
    scx_disable_task(p)
      ops.disable(p)
__setscheduler_params()
  set_load_weight()
    reweight_task_scx(p)
      ops.set_weight(p)
p->sched_class = next_class;
sched_change_end()
  ...

Notably, ops.set_weight() is called _after_ ops.disable().
This violates the expected semantics of the callbacks, the expectation
being that ops.disable() can only be followed by ops.exit_task() or
ops.enable().

Skipping the weight adjustment for disabled tasks should be harmless
since the weight will be recalculated in scx_enable_task() if the task
ever rejoins SCX.

Fixes: 637b0682821b ("sched: Fold sched_class::switch{ing,ed}_{to,from}() into the change pattern")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v6.19+
Signed-off-by: Kuba Piecuch <jpiecuch@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

scx_alloc_and_add_sched() publishes @sch through ops->priv before allocating
the cgroup path. If that allocation fails, the unwind path clears ops->priv
and frees @sch immediately. scx_prog_sched() callers can dereference
ops->priv from RCU context the moment it is set, so freeing without a grace
period can use-after-free a concurrent kfunc caller.

Move the publication below the cgroup path allocation so that every failure
path after publication frees @sch through kobject_put(), whose release path
defers the freeing by a grace period.

Fixes: 105dcd005be2 ("sched_ext: Introduce scx_prog_sched()")
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>

scx_sub_enable_workfn() has several failure paths that only return an errno
(e.g. -ENOMEM from an allocation) and jump to err_disable without calling
scx_error(). scx_flush_disable_work() runs the disable, and thus ops.exit(),
only when an error has been recorded, so an errno-only failure leaves the
half-initialized sub-scheduler linked.

Record an error at the err_disable sink so every errno-only failure runs the
disable path.

Fixes: ebeca1f930ea ("sched_ext: Introduce cgroup sub-sched support")
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>

set_next_task_scx() updates the tick dependency before __schedule()
updates rq->curr. When switching from a non-EXT task, such as idle, to
an EXT task with a finite slice, sched_update_tick_dependency() checks
the outgoing task and can allow the tick to remain stopped.

The dependency can also be lost without a slice-type transition. After a
finite-slice task leaves the CPU idle, the enqueue path can clear the
dependency against the idle rq->curr. SCX_RQ_CAN_STOP_TICK still records
a finite slice, so another finite task skips the transition block and
can run without the ticks needed to expire its slice.

The reverse mismatch can also happen when the last finite-slice EXT task
is dequeued: sub_nr_running() updates the dependency before rq->curr
changes, so the outgoing task state can keep the dependency set after
the CPU goes idle.

Fix this by unconditionally enabling the scheduler tick whenever a
finite-slice EXT task is selected on a nohz_full CPU. Moreover, when the
last runnable EXT task leaves, ignore the outgoing EXT slice state so
the generic scheduler can correctly re-evaluate and clear the tick
dependency.

Fixes: 22a920209ab6 ("sched_ext: Implement tickless support")
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

dispatch_to_local_dsq() can run from scx_bpf_dsq_move_to_local() while
ops.dispatch() has recorded the current rq. Moving a task to a local DSQ
may switch to the source or destination rq before synchronously invoking
ops.dequeue() through the following path:

  SCX_CALL_OP(dispatch, rq)
    ops.dispatch()
      scx_bpf_dsq_move_to_local()
        scx_flush_dispatch_buf()
          finish_dispatch()
            dispatch_to_local_dsq()
              scx_dispatch_enqueue()
                local_dsq_post_enq()
                  call_task_dequeue()
                    SCX_CALL_OP_TASK(dequeue, locked_rq, ...)

The nested callback saves the recorded rq and restores it on return. If
the rq tracking does not follow the lock switch, update_locked_rq() can
trigger the following lockdep assertion while restoring an rq which is
no longer held:

  WARNING: kernel/sched/sched.h:1641 at call_task_dequeue+0x160/0x170
  Call Trace:
    scx_dispatch_enqueue+0x2b0/0x460
    dispatch_to_local_dsq+0x138/0x230
    scx_flush_dispatch_buf+0x1af/0x220
    scx_bpf_dsq_move_to_local___v2+0xe2/0x1c0
    bpf__sched_ext_ops_dispatch+0x4b/0xa7
    do_pick_task_scx+0x3b6/0x910
    __pick_next_task+0x105/0x1f0
    __schedule+0x3e7/0x1980

Introduce switch_rq_lock() to update the tracking state together with
each rq lock handoff. Use it in dispatch_to_local_dsq(),
move_remote_task_to_local_dsq() and the in-balance paths of
scx_dsq_move(), ensuring that scx_locked_rq() consistently refers to the
rq whose lock is actually held throughout the lock dance.

Fixes: 7fb39e4eb4c3 ("sched_ext: Save and restore scx_locked_rq across SCX_CALL_OP")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 7.1+
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>