Finally we can kill the 'sync_supers' kernel thread along with the
'->write_super()' superblock operation because all the users are gone.
Now every file-system is supposed to self-manage own superblock and
its dirty state.

The nice thing about killing this thread is that it improves power management.
Indeed, 'sync_supers' is a source of monotonic system wake-ups - it woke up
every 5 seconds no matter what - even if there were no dirty superblocks and
even if there were no file-systems using this service (e.g., btrfs and
journalled ext4 do not need it). So it was wasting power most of the time. And
because the thread was in the core of the kernel, all systems had to have it.
So I am quite happy to make it go away.

Interestingly, this thread is a left-over from the pdflush kernel thread which
was a self-forking kernel thread responsible for all the write-back in old
Linux kernels. It was turned into per-block device BDI threads, and
'sync_supers' was a left-over. Thus, R.I.P, pdflush as well.

Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Pull second vfs pile from Al Viro:
 "The stuff in there: fsfreeze deadlock fixes by Jan (essentially, the
  deadlock reproduced by xfstests 068), symlink and hardlink restriction
  patches, plus assorted cleanups and fixes.

  Note that another fsfreeze deadlock (emergency thaw one) is *not*
  dealt with - the series by Fernando conflicts a lot with Jan's, breaks
  userland ABI (FIFREEZE semantics gets changed) and trades the deadlock
  for massive vfsmount leak; this is going to be handled next cycle.
  There probably will be another pull request, but that stuff won't be
  in it."

Fix up trivial conflicts due to unrelated changes next to each other in
drivers/{staging/gdm72xx/usb_boot.c, usb/gadget/storage_common.c}

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (54 commits)
  delousing target_core_file a bit
  Documentation: Correct s_umount state for freeze_fs/unfreeze_fs
  fs: Remove old freezing mechanism
  ext2: Implement freezing
  btrfs: Convert to new freezing mechanism
  nilfs2: Convert to new freezing mechanism
  ntfs: Convert to new freezing mechanism
  fuse: Convert to new freezing mechanism
  gfs2: Convert to new freezing mechanism
  ocfs2: Convert to new freezing mechanism
  xfs: Convert to new freezing code
  ext4: Convert to new freezing mechanism
  fs: Protect write paths by sb_start_write - sb_end_write
  fs: Skip atime update on frozen filesystem
  fs: Add freezing handling to mnt_want_write() / mnt_drop_write()
  fs: Improve filesystem freezing handling
  switch the protection of percpu_counter list to spinlock
  nfsd: Push mnt_want_write() outside of i_mutex
  btrfs: Push mnt_want_write() outside of i_mutex
  fat: Push mnt_want_write() outside of i_mutex
  ...

09f363c7 ("vmscan: fix shrinker callback bug in fs/super.c") fixed a
shrinker callback which was returning -1 when nr_to_scan is zero, which
caused excessive slab scanning.  But 635697c6 ("vmscan: fix initial
shrinker size handling") fixed the problem, again so we can freely return
-1 although nr_to_scan is zero.  So let's revert 09f363c7 because the
comment added in 09f363c7 made an unnecessary rule.

Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Now that all users are converted, we can remove functions, variables, and
constants defined by the old freezing mechanism.

BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/897421
Tested-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Peter M. Petrakis <peter.petrakis@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Dann Frazier <dann.frazier@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Massimo Morana <massimo.morana@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

vfs_check_frozen() tests are racy since the filesystem can be frozen just after
the test is performed. Thus in write paths we can end up marking some pages or
inodes dirty even though the file system is already frozen. This creates
problems with flusher thread hanging on frozen filesystem.

Another problem is that exclusion between ->page_mkwrite() and filesystem
freezing has been handled by setting page dirty and then verifying s_frozen.
This guaranteed that either the freezing code sees the faulted page, writes it,
and writeprotects it again or we see s_frozen set and bail out of page fault.
This works to protect from page being marked writeable while filesystem
freezing is running but has an unpleasant artefact of leaving dirty (although
unmodified and writeprotected) pages on frozen filesystem resulting in similar
problems with flusher thread as the first problem.

This patch aims at providing exclusion between write paths and filesystem
freezing. We implement a writer-freeze read-write semaphore in the superblock.
Actually, there are three such semaphores because of lock ranking reasons - one
for page fault handlers (->page_mkwrite), one for all other writers, and one of
internal filesystem purposes (used e.g. to track running transactions).  Write
paths which should block freezing (e.g. directory operations, ->aio_write(),
->page_mkwrite) hold reader side of the semaphore. Code freezing the filesystem
takes the writer side.

Only that we don't really want to bounce cachelines of the semaphores between
CPUs for each write happening. So we implement the reader side of the semaphore
as a per-cpu counter and the writer side is implemented using s_writers.frozen
superblock field.

[AV: microoptimize sb_start_write(); we want it fast in normal case]

BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/897421
Tested-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Peter M. Petrakis <peter.petrakis@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Dann Frazier <dann.frazier@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Massimo Morana <massimo.morana@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Pull writeback updates from Wu Fengguang:
 "Use time based periods to age the writeback proportions, which can
  adapt equally well to fast/slow devices."

Fix up trivial conflict in comment in fs/sync.c

* tag 'writeback-proportions' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wfg/linux:
  writeback: Fix some comment errors
  block: Convert BDI proportion calculations to flexible proportions
  lib: Fix possible deadlock in flexible proportion code
  lib: Proportions with flexible period

Pass mount flags to sget() so that it can use them in initialising a new
superblock before the set function is called.  They could also be passed to the
compare function.

Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>

Pull cleanup of fs/ and lib/ users of module.h from Paul Gortmaker:
 "Fix up files in fs/ and lib/ dirs to only use module.h if they really
  need it.

  These are trivial in scope vs the work done previously.  We now have
  things where any few remaining cleanups can be farmed out to arch or
  subsystem maintainers, and I have done so when possible.  What is
  remaining here represents the bits that don't clearly lie within a
  single arch/subsystem boundary, like the fs dir and the lib dir.

  Some duplicate includes arising from overlapping fixes from
  independent subsystem maintainer submissions are also quashed."

Fix up trivial conflicts due to clashes with other include file cleanups
(including some due to the previous bug.h cleanup pull).

* tag 'module-for-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux:
  lib: reduce the use of module.h wherever possible
  fs: reduce the use of module.h wherever possible
  includecheck: delete any duplicate instances of module.h

Pull cleancache changes from Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk:
 "This has some patches for the cleancache API that should have been
  submitted a _long_ time ago.  They are basically cleanups:

   - rename of flush to invalidate

   - moving reporting of statistics into debugfs

   - use __read_mostly as necessary.

  Oh, and also the MAINTAINERS file change.  The files (except the
  MAINTAINERS file) have been in #linux-next for months now.  The late
  addition of MAINTAINERS file is a brain-fart on my side - didn't
  realize I needed that just until I was typing this up - and I based
  that patch on v3.3 - so the tree is on top of v3.3."

* tag 'stable/for-linus-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/konrad/mm:
  MAINTAINERS: Adding cleancache API to the list.
  mm: cleancache: Use __read_mostly as appropiate.
  mm: cleancache: report statistics via debugfs instead of sysfs.
  mm: zcache/tmem/cleancache: s/flush/invalidate/
  mm: cleancache: s/flush/invalidate/