Currently these functions return < 0 on error, and 0 for success.
Change that so that we return < 0 on error, but number of bytes
for success.

Some callers already treat the return value that way, others need a
slight tweak.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Add SPDX license identifiers to all files which:

 - Have no license information of any form

 - Have EXPORT_.*_SYMBOL_GPL inside which was used in the
   initial scan/conversion to ignore the file

These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX
license identifier is:

  GPL-2.0-only

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Pull tracing fixes from Steven Rostedt:
 "Three tracing fixes:

   - Use "nosteal" for ring buffer splice pages

   - Memory leak fix in error path of trace_pid_write()

   - Fix preempt_enable_no_resched() (use preempt_enable()) in ring
     buffer code"

* tag 'trace-v5.1-rc6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace:
  trace: Fix preempt_enable_no_resched() abuse
  tracing: Fix a memory leak by early error exit in trace_pid_write()
  tracing: Fix buffer_ref pipe ops

This fixes multiple issues in buffer_pipe_buf_ops:

 - The ->steal() handler must not return zero unless the pipe buffer has
   the only reference to the page. But generic_pipe_buf_steal() assumes
   that every reference to the pipe is tracked by the page's refcount,
   which isn't true for these buffers - buffer_pipe_buf_get(), which
   duplicates a buffer, doesn't touch the page's refcount.
   Fix it by using generic_pipe_buf_nosteal(), which refuses every
   attempted theft. It should be easy to actually support ->steal, but the
   only current users of pipe_buf_steal() are the virtio console and FUSE,
   and they also only use it as an optimization. So it's probably not worth
   the effort.
 - The ->get() and ->release() handlers can be invoked concurrently on pipe
   buffers backed by the same struct buffer_ref. Make them safe against
   concurrency by using refcount_t.
 - The pointers stored in ->private were only zeroed out when the last
   reference to the buffer_ref was dropped. As far as I know, this
   shouldn't be necessary anyway, but if we do it, let's always do it.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190404215925.253531-1-jannh@google.com

Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 73a757e63114d ("ring-buffer: Return reader page back into existing ring buffer")
Signed-off-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Merge page ref overflow branch.

Jann Horn reported that he can overflow the page ref count with
sufficient memory (and a filesystem that is intentionally extremely
slow).

Admittedly it's not exactly easy.  To have more than four billion
references to a page requires a minimum of 32GB of kernel memory just
for the pointers to the pages, much less any metadata to keep track of
those pointers.  Jann needed a total of 140GB of memory and a specially
crafted filesystem that leaves all reads pending (in order to not ever
free the page references and just keep adding more).

Still, we have a fairly straightforward way to limit the two obvious
user-controllable sources of page references: direct-IO like page
references gotten through get_user_pages(), and the splice pipe page
duplication.  So let's just do that.

* branch page-refs:
  fs: prevent page refcount overflow in pipe_buf_get
  mm: prevent get_user_pages() from overflowing page refcount
  mm: add 'try_get_page()' helper function
  mm: make page ref count overflow check tighter and more explicit

Change pipe_buf_get() to return a bool indicating whether it succeeded
in raising the refcount of the page (if the thing in the pipe is a page).
This removes another mechanism for overflowing the page refcount.  All
callers converted to handle a failure.

Reported-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull misc vfs updates from Al Viro:
 "Assorted fixes (really no common topic here)"

* 'work.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
  vfs: Make __vfs_write() static
  vfs: fix preadv64v2 and pwritev64v2 compat syscalls with offset == -1
  pipe: stop using ->can_merge
  splice: don't merge into linked buffers
  fs: move generic stat response attr handling to vfs_getattr_nosec
  orangefs: don't reinitialize result_mask in ->getattr
  fs/devpts: always delete dcache dentry-s in dput()

The current implementation of splice() and tee() ignores O_NONBLOCK set
on pipe file descriptors and checks only the SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK flag for
blocking on pipe arguments.  This is inconsistent since splice()-ing
from/to non-pipe file descriptors does take O_NONBLOCK into
consideration.

Fix this by promoting O_NONBLOCK, when set on a pipe, to
SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK.

Some context for how the current implementation of splice() leads to
inconsistent behavior.  In the ongoing work[1] to add VM tracing
capability to trace-cmd we stream tracing data over named FIFOs or
vsockets from guests back to the host.

When we receive SIGINT from user to stop tracing, we set O_NONBLOCK on
the input file descriptor and set SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK for the next call to
splice().  If splice() was blocked waiting on data from the input FIFO,
after SIGINT splice() restarts with the same arguments (no
SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK) and blocks again instead of returning -EAGAIN when no
data is available.

This differs from the splice() behavior when reading from a vsocket or
when we're doing a traditional read()/write() loop (trace-cmd's
--nosplice argument).

With this patch applied we get the same behavior in all situations after
setting O_NONBLOCK which also matches the behavior of doing a
read()/write() loop instead of splice().

This change does have potential of breaking users who don't expect
EAGAIN from splice() when SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK is not set.  OTOH programs
that set O_NONBLOCK and don't anticipate EAGAIN are arguably buggy[2].

 [1] https://github.com/skaslev/trace-cmd/tree/vsock
 [2] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/d47e3da1759230e394096fd742aad423c291ba48/fs/read_write.c#L1425

Signed-off-by: Slavomir Kaslev <kaslevs@vmware.com>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Every in-kernel use of this function defined it to KERNEL_DS (either as
an actual define, or as an inline function).  It's an entirely
historical artifact, and long long long ago used to actually read the
segment selector valueof '%ds' on x86.

Which in the kernel is always KERNEL_DS.

Inspired by a patch from Jann Horn that just did this for a very small
subset of users (the ones in fs/), along with Al who suggested a script.
I then just took it to the logical extreme and removed all the remaining
gunk.

Roughly scripted with

   git grep -l '(get_ds())' -- :^tools/ | xargs sed -i 's/(get_ds())/(KERNEL_DS)/'
   git grep -lw 'get_ds' -- :^tools/ | xargs sed -i '/^#define get_ds()/d'

plus manual fixups to remove a few unusual usage patterns, the couple of
inline function cases and to fix up a comment that had become stale.

The 'get_ds()' function remains in an x86 kvm selftest, since in user
space it actually does something relevant.

Inspired-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Inspired-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Al Viro pointed out that since there is only one pipe buffer type to which
new data can be appended, it isn't necessary to have a ->can_merge field in
struct pipe_buf_operations, we can just check for a magic type.

Suggested-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>