<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux.git/fs/ext4/super.c, branch v5.12</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel source tree</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>ext4: fix timer use-after-free on failed mount</title>
<updated>2021-03-21T04:27:49+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jan Kara</name>
<email>jack@suse.cz</email>
</author>
<published>2021-03-15T16:59:06+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=2a4ae3bcdf05b8639406eaa09a2939f3c6dd8e75'/>
<id>2a4ae3bcdf05b8639406eaa09a2939f3c6dd8e75</id>
<content type='text'>
When filesystem mount fails because of corrupted filesystem we first
cancel the s_err_report timer reminding fs errors every day and only
then we flush s_error_work. However s_error_work may report another fs
error and re-arm timer thus resulting in timer use-after-free. Fix the
problem by first flushing the work and only after that canceling the
s_err_report timer.

Reported-by: syzbot+628472a2aac693ab0fcd@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Fixes: 2d01ddc86606 ("ext4: save error info to sb through journal if available")
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara &lt;jack@suse.cz&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210315165906.2175-1-jack@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o &lt;tytso@mit.edu&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
When filesystem mount fails because of corrupted filesystem we first
cancel the s_err_report timer reminding fs errors every day and only
then we flush s_error_work. However s_error_work may report another fs
error and re-arm timer thus resulting in timer use-after-free. Fix the
problem by first flushing the work and only after that canceling the
s_err_report timer.

Reported-by: syzbot+628472a2aac693ab0fcd@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Fixes: 2d01ddc86606 ("ext4: save error info to sb through journal if available")
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara &lt;jack@suse.cz&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210315165906.2175-1-jack@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o &lt;tytso@mit.edu&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>ext4: shrink race window in ext4_should_retry_alloc()</title>
<updated>2021-03-06T16:56:10+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Eric Whitney</name>
<email>enwlinux@gmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2021-02-18T15:11:32+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=efc61345274d6c7a46a0570efbc916fcbe3e927b'/>
<id>efc61345274d6c7a46a0570efbc916fcbe3e927b</id>
<content type='text'>
When generic/371 is run on kvm-xfstests using 5.10 and 5.11 kernels, it
fails at significant rates on the two test scenarios that disable
delayed allocation (ext3conv and data_journal) and force actual block
allocation for the fallocate and pwrite functions in the test.  The
failure rate on 5.10 for both ext3conv and data_journal on one test
system typically runs about 85%.  On 5.11, the failure rate on ext3conv
sometimes drops to as low as 1% while the rate on data_journal
increases to nearly 100%.

The observed failures are largely due to ext4_should_retry_alloc()
cutting off block allocation retries when s_mb_free_pending (used to
indicate that a transaction in progress will free blocks) is 0.
However, free space is usually available when this occurs during runs
of generic/371.  It appears that a thread attempting to allocate
blocks is just missing transaction commits in other threads that
increase the free cluster count and reset s_mb_free_pending while
the allocating thread isn't running.  Explicitly testing for free space
availability avoids this race.

The current code uses a post-increment operator in the conditional
expression that determines whether the retry limit has been exceeded.
This means that the conditional expression uses the value of the
retry counter before it's increased, resulting in an extra retry cycle.
The current code actually retries twice before hitting its retry limit
rather than once.

Increasing the retry limit to 3 from the current actual maximum retry
count of 2 in combination with the change described above reduces the
observed failure rate to less that 0.1% on both ext3conv and
data_journal with what should be limited impact on users sensitive to
the overhead caused by retries.

A per filesystem percpu counter exported via sysfs is added to allow
users or developers to track the number of times the retry limit is
exceeded without resorting to debugging methods.  This should provide
some insight into worst case retry behavior.

Signed-off-by: Eric Whitney &lt;enwlinux@gmail.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210218151132.19678-1-enwlinux@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o &lt;tytso@mit.edu&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
When generic/371 is run on kvm-xfstests using 5.10 and 5.11 kernels, it
fails at significant rates on the two test scenarios that disable
delayed allocation (ext3conv and data_journal) and force actual block
allocation for the fallocate and pwrite functions in the test.  The
failure rate on 5.10 for both ext3conv and data_journal on one test
system typically runs about 85%.  On 5.11, the failure rate on ext3conv
sometimes drops to as low as 1% while the rate on data_journal
increases to nearly 100%.

The observed failures are largely due to ext4_should_retry_alloc()
cutting off block allocation retries when s_mb_free_pending (used to
indicate that a transaction in progress will free blocks) is 0.
However, free space is usually available when this occurs during runs
of generic/371.  It appears that a thread attempting to allocate
blocks is just missing transaction commits in other threads that
increase the free cluster count and reset s_mb_free_pending while
the allocating thread isn't running.  Explicitly testing for free space
availability avoids this race.

The current code uses a post-increment operator in the conditional
expression that determines whether the retry limit has been exceeded.
This means that the conditional expression uses the value of the
retry counter before it's increased, resulting in an extra retry cycle.
The current code actually retries twice before hitting its retry limit
rather than once.

Increasing the retry limit to 3 from the current actual maximum retry
count of 2 in combination with the change described above reduces the
observed failure rate to less that 0.1% on both ext3conv and
data_journal with what should be limited impact on users sensitive to
the overhead caused by retries.

A per filesystem percpu counter exported via sysfs is added to allow
users or developers to track the number of times the retry limit is
exceeded without resorting to debugging methods.  This should provide
some insight into worst case retry behavior.

Signed-off-by: Eric Whitney &lt;enwlinux@gmail.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210218151132.19678-1-enwlinux@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o &lt;tytso@mit.edu&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4</title>
<updated>2021-02-25T18:06:55+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2021-02-25T18:06:55+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=6f9972bbfef57019519e1685254e876913a70463'/>
<id>6f9972bbfef57019519e1685254e876913a70463</id>
<content type='text'>
Pull ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o:
 "Miscellaneous ext4 cleanups and bug fixes. Pretty boring this cycle..."

* tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
  ext4: add .kunitconfig fragment to enable ext4-specific tests
  ext: EXT4_KUNIT_TESTS should depend on EXT4_FS instead of selecting it
  ext4: reset retry counter when ext4_alloc_file_blocks() makes progress
  ext4: fix potential htree index checksum corruption
  ext4: factor out htree rep invariant check
  ext4: Change list_for_each* to list_for_each_entry*
  ext4: don't try to processed freed blocks until mballoc is initialized
  ext4: use DEFINE_MUTEX() for mutex lock
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Pull ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o:
 "Miscellaneous ext4 cleanups and bug fixes. Pretty boring this cycle..."

* tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
  ext4: add .kunitconfig fragment to enable ext4-specific tests
  ext: EXT4_KUNIT_TESTS should depend on EXT4_FS instead of selecting it
  ext4: reset retry counter when ext4_alloc_file_blocks() makes progress
  ext4: fix potential htree index checksum corruption
  ext4: factor out htree rep invariant check
  ext4: Change list_for_each* to list_for_each_entry*
  ext4: don't try to processed freed blocks until mballoc is initialized
  ext4: use DEFINE_MUTEX() for mutex lock
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Merge tag 'idmapped-mounts-v5.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brauner/linux</title>
<updated>2021-02-23T21:39:45+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2021-02-23T21:39:45+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=7d6beb71da3cc033649d641e1e608713b8220290'/>
<id>7d6beb71da3cc033649d641e1e608713b8220290</id>
<content type='text'>
Pull idmapped mounts from Christian Brauner:
 "This introduces idmapped mounts which has been in the making for some
  time. Simply put, different mounts can expose the same file or
  directory with different ownership. This initial implementation comes
  with ports for fat, ext4 and with Christoph's port for xfs with more
  filesystems being actively worked on by independent people and
  maintainers.

  Idmapping mounts handle a wide range of long standing use-cases. Here
  are just a few:

   - Idmapped mounts make it possible to easily share files between
     multiple users or multiple machines especially in complex
     scenarios. For example, idmapped mounts will be used in the
     implementation of portable home directories in
     systemd-homed.service(8) where they allow users to move their home
     directory to an external storage device and use it on multiple
     computers where they are assigned different uids and gids. This
     effectively makes it possible to assign random uids and gids at
     login time.

   - It is possible to share files from the host with unprivileged
     containers without having to change ownership permanently through
     chown(2).

   - It is possible to idmap a container's rootfs and without having to
     mangle every file. For example, Chromebooks use it to share the
     user's Download folder with their unprivileged containers in their
     Linux subsystem.

   - It is possible to share files between containers with
     non-overlapping idmappings.

   - Filesystem that lack a proper concept of ownership such as fat can
     use idmapped mounts to implement discretionary access (DAC)
     permission checking.

   - They allow users to efficiently changing ownership on a per-mount
     basis without having to (recursively) chown(2) all files. In
     contrast to chown (2) changing ownership of large sets of files is
     instantenous with idmapped mounts. This is especially useful when
     ownership of a whole root filesystem of a virtual machine or
     container is changed. With idmapped mounts a single syscall
     mount_setattr syscall will be sufficient to change the ownership of
     all files.

   - Idmapped mounts always take the current ownership into account as
     idmappings specify what a given uid or gid is supposed to be mapped
     to. This contrasts with the chown(2) syscall which cannot by itself
     take the current ownership of the files it changes into account. It
     simply changes the ownership to the specified uid and gid. This is
     especially problematic when recursively chown(2)ing a large set of
     files which is commong with the aforementioned portable home
     directory and container and vm scenario.

   - Idmapped mounts allow to change ownership locally, restricting it
     to specific mounts, and temporarily as the ownership changes only
     apply as long as the mount exists.

  Several userspace projects have either already put up patches and
  pull-requests for this feature or will do so should you decide to pull
  this:

   - systemd: In a wide variety of scenarios but especially right away
     in their implementation of portable home directories.

         https://systemd.io/HOME_DIRECTORY/

   - container runtimes: containerd, runC, LXD:To share data between
     host and unprivileged containers, unprivileged and privileged
     containers, etc. The pull request for idmapped mounts support in
     containerd, the default Kubernetes runtime is already up for quite
     a while now: https://github.com/containerd/containerd/pull/4734

   - The virtio-fs developers and several users have expressed interest
     in using this feature with virtual machines once virtio-fs is
     ported.

   - ChromeOS: Sharing host-directories with unprivileged containers.

  I've tightly synced with all those projects and all of those listed
  here have also expressed their need/desire for this feature on the
  mailing list. For more info on how people use this there's a bunch of
  talks about this too. Here's just two recent ones:

      https://www.cncf.io/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Rootless-Containers-in-Gitpod.pdf
      https://fosdem.org/2021/schedule/event/containers_idmap/

  This comes with an extensive xfstests suite covering both ext4 and
  xfs:

      https://git.kernel.org/brauner/xfstests-dev/h/idmapped_mounts

  It covers truncation, creation, opening, xattrs, vfscaps, setid
  execution, setgid inheritance and more both with idmapped and
  non-idmapped mounts. It already helped to discover an unrelated xfs
  setgid inheritance bug which has since been fixed in mainline. It will
  be sent for inclusion with the xfstests project should you decide to
  merge this.

  In order to support per-mount idmappings vfsmounts are marked with
  user namespaces. The idmapping of the user namespace will be used to
  map the ids of vfs objects when they are accessed through that mount.
  By default all vfsmounts are marked with the initial user namespace.
  The initial user namespace is used to indicate that a mount is not
  idmapped. All operations behave as before and this is verified in the
  testsuite.

  Based on prior discussions we want to attach the whole user namespace
  and not just a dedicated idmapping struct. This allows us to reuse all
  the helpers that already exist for dealing with idmappings instead of
  introducing a whole new range of helpers. In addition, if we decide in
  the future that we are confident enough to enable unprivileged users
  to setup idmapped mounts the permission checking can take into account
  whether the caller is privileged in the user namespace the mount is
  currently marked with.

  The user namespace the mount will be marked with can be specified by
  passing a file descriptor refering to the user namespace as an
  argument to the new mount_setattr() syscall together with the new
  MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP flag. The system call follows the openat2() pattern
  of extensibility.

  The following conditions must be met in order to create an idmapped
  mount:

   - The caller must currently have the CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability in the
     user namespace the underlying filesystem has been mounted in.

   - The underlying filesystem must support idmapped mounts.

   - The mount must not already be idmapped. This also implies that the
     idmapping of a mount cannot be altered once it has been idmapped.

   - The mount must be a detached/anonymous mount, i.e. it must have
     been created by calling open_tree() with the OPEN_TREE_CLONE flag
     and it must not already have been visible in the filesystem.

  The last two points guarantee easier semantics for userspace and the
  kernel and make the implementation significantly simpler.

  By default vfsmounts are marked with the initial user namespace and no
  behavioral or performance changes are observed.

  The manpage with a detailed description can be found here:

      https://git.kernel.org/brauner/man-pages/c/1d7b902e2875a1ff342e036a9f866a995640aea8

  In order to support idmapped mounts, filesystems need to be changed
  and mark themselves with the FS_ALLOW_IDMAP flag in fs_flags. The
  patches to convert individual filesystem are not very large or
  complicated overall as can be seen from the included fat, ext4, and
  xfs ports. Patches for other filesystems are actively worked on and
  will be sent out separately. The xfstestsuite can be used to verify
  that port has been done correctly.

  The mount_setattr() syscall is motivated independent of the idmapped
  mounts patches and it's been around since July 2019. One of the most
  valuable features of the new mount api is the ability to perform
  mounts based on file descriptors only.

  Together with the lookup restrictions available in the openat2()
  RESOLVE_* flag namespace which we added in v5.6 this is the first time
  we are close to hardened and race-free (e.g. symlinks) mounting and
  path resolution.

  While userspace has started porting to the new mount api to mount
  proper filesystems and create new bind-mounts it is currently not
  possible to change mount options of an already existing bind mount in
  the new mount api since the mount_setattr() syscall is missing.

  With the addition of the mount_setattr() syscall we remove this last
  restriction and userspace can now fully port to the new mount api,
  covering every use-case the old mount api could. We also add the
  crucial ability to recursively change mount options for a whole mount
  tree, both removing and adding mount options at the same time. This
  syscall has been requested multiple times by various people and
  projects.

  There is a simple tool available at

      https://github.com/brauner/mount-idmapped

  that allows to create idmapped mounts so people can play with this
  patch series. I'll add support for the regular mount binary should you
  decide to pull this in the following weeks:

  Here's an example to a simple idmapped mount of another user's home
  directory:

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ sudo ./mount --idmap both:1000:1001:1 /home/ubuntu/ /mnt

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /home/ubuntu/
	total 28
	drwxr-xr-x 2 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 Oct 28 22:07 .
	drwxr-xr-x 4 root   root   4096 Oct 28 04:00 ..
	-rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 3154 Oct 28 22:12 .bash_history
	-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu  220 Feb 25  2020 .bash_logout
	-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 3771 Feb 25  2020 .bashrc
	-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu  807 Feb 25  2020 .profile
	-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu    0 Oct 16 16:11 .sudo_as_admin_successful
	-rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 1144 Oct 28 00:43 .viminfo

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /mnt/
	total 28
	drwxr-xr-x  2 u1001 u1001 4096 Oct 28 22:07 .
	drwxr-xr-x 29 root  root  4096 Oct 28 22:01 ..
	-rw-------  1 u1001 u1001 3154 Oct 28 22:12 .bash_history
	-rw-r--r--  1 u1001 u1001  220 Feb 25  2020 .bash_logout
	-rw-r--r--  1 u1001 u1001 3771 Feb 25  2020 .bashrc
	-rw-r--r--  1 u1001 u1001  807 Feb 25  2020 .profile
	-rw-r--r--  1 u1001 u1001    0 Oct 16 16:11 .sudo_as_admin_successful
	-rw-------  1 u1001 u1001 1144 Oct 28 00:43 .viminfo

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ touch /mnt/my-file

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ setfacl -m u:1001:rwx /mnt/my-file

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ sudo setcap -n 1001 cap_net_raw+ep /mnt/my-file

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /mnt/my-file
	-rw-rwxr--+ 1 u1001 u1001 0 Oct 28 22:14 /mnt/my-file

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /home/ubuntu/my-file
	-rw-rwxr--+ 1 ubuntu ubuntu 0 Oct 28 22:14 /home/ubuntu/my-file

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ getfacl /mnt/my-file
	getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names
	# file: mnt/my-file
	# owner: u1001
	# group: u1001
	user::rw-
	user:u1001:rwx
	group::rw-
	mask::rwx
	other::r--

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ getfacl /home/ubuntu/my-file
	getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names
	# file: home/ubuntu/my-file
	# owner: ubuntu
	# group: ubuntu
	user::rw-
	user:ubuntu:rwx
	group::rw-
	mask::rwx
	other::r--"

* tag 'idmapped-mounts-v5.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brauner/linux: (41 commits)
  xfs: remove the possibly unused mp variable in xfs_file_compat_ioctl
  xfs: support idmapped mounts
  ext4: support idmapped mounts
  fat: handle idmapped mounts
  tests: add mount_setattr() selftests
  fs: introduce MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP
  fs: add mount_setattr()
  fs: add attr_flags_to_mnt_flags helper
  fs: split out functions to hold writers
  namespace: only take read lock in do_reconfigure_mnt()
  mount: make {lock,unlock}_mount_hash() static
  namespace: take lock_mount_hash() directly when changing flags
  nfs: do not export idmapped mounts
  overlayfs: do not mount on top of idmapped mounts
  ecryptfs: do not mount on top of idmapped mounts
  ima: handle idmapped mounts
  apparmor: handle idmapped mounts
  fs: make helpers idmap mount aware
  exec: handle idmapped mounts
  would_dump: handle idmapped mounts
  ...
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Pull idmapped mounts from Christian Brauner:
 "This introduces idmapped mounts which has been in the making for some
  time. Simply put, different mounts can expose the same file or
  directory with different ownership. This initial implementation comes
  with ports for fat, ext4 and with Christoph's port for xfs with more
  filesystems being actively worked on by independent people and
  maintainers.

  Idmapping mounts handle a wide range of long standing use-cases. Here
  are just a few:

   - Idmapped mounts make it possible to easily share files between
     multiple users or multiple machines especially in complex
     scenarios. For example, idmapped mounts will be used in the
     implementation of portable home directories in
     systemd-homed.service(8) where they allow users to move their home
     directory to an external storage device and use it on multiple
     computers where they are assigned different uids and gids. This
     effectively makes it possible to assign random uids and gids at
     login time.

   - It is possible to share files from the host with unprivileged
     containers without having to change ownership permanently through
     chown(2).

   - It is possible to idmap a container's rootfs and without having to
     mangle every file. For example, Chromebooks use it to share the
     user's Download folder with their unprivileged containers in their
     Linux subsystem.

   - It is possible to share files between containers with
     non-overlapping idmappings.

   - Filesystem that lack a proper concept of ownership such as fat can
     use idmapped mounts to implement discretionary access (DAC)
     permission checking.

   - They allow users to efficiently changing ownership on a per-mount
     basis without having to (recursively) chown(2) all files. In
     contrast to chown (2) changing ownership of large sets of files is
     instantenous with idmapped mounts. This is especially useful when
     ownership of a whole root filesystem of a virtual machine or
     container is changed. With idmapped mounts a single syscall
     mount_setattr syscall will be sufficient to change the ownership of
     all files.

   - Idmapped mounts always take the current ownership into account as
     idmappings specify what a given uid or gid is supposed to be mapped
     to. This contrasts with the chown(2) syscall which cannot by itself
     take the current ownership of the files it changes into account. It
     simply changes the ownership to the specified uid and gid. This is
     especially problematic when recursively chown(2)ing a large set of
     files which is commong with the aforementioned portable home
     directory and container and vm scenario.

   - Idmapped mounts allow to change ownership locally, restricting it
     to specific mounts, and temporarily as the ownership changes only
     apply as long as the mount exists.

  Several userspace projects have either already put up patches and
  pull-requests for this feature or will do so should you decide to pull
  this:

   - systemd: In a wide variety of scenarios but especially right away
     in their implementation of portable home directories.

         https://systemd.io/HOME_DIRECTORY/

   - container runtimes: containerd, runC, LXD:To share data between
     host and unprivileged containers, unprivileged and privileged
     containers, etc. The pull request for idmapped mounts support in
     containerd, the default Kubernetes runtime is already up for quite
     a while now: https://github.com/containerd/containerd/pull/4734

   - The virtio-fs developers and several users have expressed interest
     in using this feature with virtual machines once virtio-fs is
     ported.

   - ChromeOS: Sharing host-directories with unprivileged containers.

  I've tightly synced with all those projects and all of those listed
  here have also expressed their need/desire for this feature on the
  mailing list. For more info on how people use this there's a bunch of
  talks about this too. Here's just two recent ones:

      https://www.cncf.io/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Rootless-Containers-in-Gitpod.pdf
      https://fosdem.org/2021/schedule/event/containers_idmap/

  This comes with an extensive xfstests suite covering both ext4 and
  xfs:

      https://git.kernel.org/brauner/xfstests-dev/h/idmapped_mounts

  It covers truncation, creation, opening, xattrs, vfscaps, setid
  execution, setgid inheritance and more both with idmapped and
  non-idmapped mounts. It already helped to discover an unrelated xfs
  setgid inheritance bug which has since been fixed in mainline. It will
  be sent for inclusion with the xfstests project should you decide to
  merge this.

  In order to support per-mount idmappings vfsmounts are marked with
  user namespaces. The idmapping of the user namespace will be used to
  map the ids of vfs objects when they are accessed through that mount.
  By default all vfsmounts are marked with the initial user namespace.
  The initial user namespace is used to indicate that a mount is not
  idmapped. All operations behave as before and this is verified in the
  testsuite.

  Based on prior discussions we want to attach the whole user namespace
  and not just a dedicated idmapping struct. This allows us to reuse all
  the helpers that already exist for dealing with idmappings instead of
  introducing a whole new range of helpers. In addition, if we decide in
  the future that we are confident enough to enable unprivileged users
  to setup idmapped mounts the permission checking can take into account
  whether the caller is privileged in the user namespace the mount is
  currently marked with.

  The user namespace the mount will be marked with can be specified by
  passing a file descriptor refering to the user namespace as an
  argument to the new mount_setattr() syscall together with the new
  MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP flag. The system call follows the openat2() pattern
  of extensibility.

  The following conditions must be met in order to create an idmapped
  mount:

   - The caller must currently have the CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability in the
     user namespace the underlying filesystem has been mounted in.

   - The underlying filesystem must support idmapped mounts.

   - The mount must not already be idmapped. This also implies that the
     idmapping of a mount cannot be altered once it has been idmapped.

   - The mount must be a detached/anonymous mount, i.e. it must have
     been created by calling open_tree() with the OPEN_TREE_CLONE flag
     and it must not already have been visible in the filesystem.

  The last two points guarantee easier semantics for userspace and the
  kernel and make the implementation significantly simpler.

  By default vfsmounts are marked with the initial user namespace and no
  behavioral or performance changes are observed.

  The manpage with a detailed description can be found here:

      https://git.kernel.org/brauner/man-pages/c/1d7b902e2875a1ff342e036a9f866a995640aea8

  In order to support idmapped mounts, filesystems need to be changed
  and mark themselves with the FS_ALLOW_IDMAP flag in fs_flags. The
  patches to convert individual filesystem are not very large or
  complicated overall as can be seen from the included fat, ext4, and
  xfs ports. Patches for other filesystems are actively worked on and
  will be sent out separately. The xfstestsuite can be used to verify
  that port has been done correctly.

  The mount_setattr() syscall is motivated independent of the idmapped
  mounts patches and it's been around since July 2019. One of the most
  valuable features of the new mount api is the ability to perform
  mounts based on file descriptors only.

  Together with the lookup restrictions available in the openat2()
  RESOLVE_* flag namespace which we added in v5.6 this is the first time
  we are close to hardened and race-free (e.g. symlinks) mounting and
  path resolution.

  While userspace has started porting to the new mount api to mount
  proper filesystems and create new bind-mounts it is currently not
  possible to change mount options of an already existing bind mount in
  the new mount api since the mount_setattr() syscall is missing.

  With the addition of the mount_setattr() syscall we remove this last
  restriction and userspace can now fully port to the new mount api,
  covering every use-case the old mount api could. We also add the
  crucial ability to recursively change mount options for a whole mount
  tree, both removing and adding mount options at the same time. This
  syscall has been requested multiple times by various people and
  projects.

  There is a simple tool available at

      https://github.com/brauner/mount-idmapped

  that allows to create idmapped mounts so people can play with this
  patch series. I'll add support for the regular mount binary should you
  decide to pull this in the following weeks:

  Here's an example to a simple idmapped mount of another user's home
  directory:

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ sudo ./mount --idmap both:1000:1001:1 /home/ubuntu/ /mnt

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /home/ubuntu/
	total 28
	drwxr-xr-x 2 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 Oct 28 22:07 .
	drwxr-xr-x 4 root   root   4096 Oct 28 04:00 ..
	-rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 3154 Oct 28 22:12 .bash_history
	-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu  220 Feb 25  2020 .bash_logout
	-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 3771 Feb 25  2020 .bashrc
	-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu  807 Feb 25  2020 .profile
	-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu    0 Oct 16 16:11 .sudo_as_admin_successful
	-rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 1144 Oct 28 00:43 .viminfo

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /mnt/
	total 28
	drwxr-xr-x  2 u1001 u1001 4096 Oct 28 22:07 .
	drwxr-xr-x 29 root  root  4096 Oct 28 22:01 ..
	-rw-------  1 u1001 u1001 3154 Oct 28 22:12 .bash_history
	-rw-r--r--  1 u1001 u1001  220 Feb 25  2020 .bash_logout
	-rw-r--r--  1 u1001 u1001 3771 Feb 25  2020 .bashrc
	-rw-r--r--  1 u1001 u1001  807 Feb 25  2020 .profile
	-rw-r--r--  1 u1001 u1001    0 Oct 16 16:11 .sudo_as_admin_successful
	-rw-------  1 u1001 u1001 1144 Oct 28 00:43 .viminfo

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ touch /mnt/my-file

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ setfacl -m u:1001:rwx /mnt/my-file

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ sudo setcap -n 1001 cap_net_raw+ep /mnt/my-file

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /mnt/my-file
	-rw-rwxr--+ 1 u1001 u1001 0 Oct 28 22:14 /mnt/my-file

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /home/ubuntu/my-file
	-rw-rwxr--+ 1 ubuntu ubuntu 0 Oct 28 22:14 /home/ubuntu/my-file

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ getfacl /mnt/my-file
	getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names
	# file: mnt/my-file
	# owner: u1001
	# group: u1001
	user::rw-
	user:u1001:rwx
	group::rw-
	mask::rwx
	other::r--

	u1001@f2-vm:/$ getfacl /home/ubuntu/my-file
	getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names
	# file: home/ubuntu/my-file
	# owner: ubuntu
	# group: ubuntu
	user::rw-
	user:ubuntu:rwx
	group::rw-
	mask::rwx
	other::r--"

* tag 'idmapped-mounts-v5.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brauner/linux: (41 commits)
  xfs: remove the possibly unused mp variable in xfs_file_compat_ioctl
  xfs: support idmapped mounts
  ext4: support idmapped mounts
  fat: handle idmapped mounts
  tests: add mount_setattr() selftests
  fs: introduce MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP
  fs: add mount_setattr()
  fs: add attr_flags_to_mnt_flags helper
  fs: split out functions to hold writers
  namespace: only take read lock in do_reconfigure_mnt()
  mount: make {lock,unlock}_mount_hash() static
  namespace: take lock_mount_hash() directly when changing flags
  nfs: do not export idmapped mounts
  overlayfs: do not mount on top of idmapped mounts
  ecryptfs: do not mount on top of idmapped mounts
  ima: handle idmapped mounts
  apparmor: handle idmapped mounts
  fs: make helpers idmap mount aware
  exec: handle idmapped mounts
  would_dump: handle idmapped mounts
  ...
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>ext4: don't try to processed freed blocks until mballoc is initialized</title>
<updated>2021-02-03T04:16:01+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Theodore Ts'o</name>
<email>tytso@mit.edu</email>
</author>
<published>2021-01-21T17:33:20+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=027f14f5357279655c3ebc6d14daff8368d4f53f'/>
<id>027f14f5357279655c3ebc6d14daff8368d4f53f</id>
<content type='text'>
If we try to make any changes via the journal between when the journal
is initialized, but before the multi-block allocated is initialized,
we will end up deferencing a NULL pointer when the journal commit
callback function calls ext4_process_freed_data().

The proximate cause of this failure was commit 2d01ddc86606 ("ext4:
save error info to sb through journal if available") since file system
corruption problems detected before the call to ext4_mb_init() would
result in a journal commit before we aborted the mount of the file
system.... and we would then trigger the NULL pointer deref.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/YAm8qH/0oo2ofSMR@mit.edu
Reported-by: Murphy Zhou &lt;jencce.kernel@gmail.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara &lt;jack@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o &lt;tytso@mit.edu&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
If we try to make any changes via the journal between when the journal
is initialized, but before the multi-block allocated is initialized,
we will end up deferencing a NULL pointer when the journal commit
callback function calls ext4_process_freed_data().

The proximate cause of this failure was commit 2d01ddc86606 ("ext4:
save error info to sb through journal if available") since file system
corruption problems detected before the call to ext4_mb_init() would
result in a journal commit before we aborted the mount of the file
system.... and we would then trigger the NULL pointer deref.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/YAm8qH/0oo2ofSMR@mit.edu
Reported-by: Murphy Zhou &lt;jencce.kernel@gmail.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara &lt;jack@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o &lt;tytso@mit.edu&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>ext4: use DEFINE_MUTEX() for mutex lock</title>
<updated>2021-02-03T04:16:01+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Zheng Yongjun</name>
<email>zhengyongjun3@huawei.com</email>
</author>
<published>2020-12-24T13:22:44+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=59ebc7fd74506367b109497eeef36034e648c943'/>
<id>59ebc7fd74506367b109497eeef36034e648c943</id>
<content type='text'>
mutex lock can be initialized automatically with DEFINE_MUTEX()
rather than explicitly calling mutex_init().

Signed-off-by: Zheng Yongjun &lt;zhengyongjun3@huawei.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201224132244.30907-1-zhengyongjun3@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o &lt;tytso@mit.edu&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
mutex lock can be initialized automatically with DEFINE_MUTEX()
rather than explicitly calling mutex_init().

Signed-off-by: Zheng Yongjun &lt;zhengyongjun3@huawei.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201224132244.30907-1-zhengyongjun3@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o &lt;tytso@mit.edu&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>block: use an on-stack bio in blkdev_issue_flush</title>
<updated>2021-01-27T16:51:48+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Christoph Hellwig</name>
<email>hch@lst.de</email>
</author>
<published>2021-01-26T14:52:35+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=c6bf3f0e25f4c0f0ecce6cf8d1c589bd9d74d3cf'/>
<id>c6bf3f0e25f4c0f0ecce6cf8d1c589bd9d74d3cf</id>
<content type='text'>
There is no point in allocating memory for a synchronous flush.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn &lt;johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni &lt;chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com&gt;
Acked-by: Damien Le Moal &lt;damien.lemoal@wdc.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
There is no point in allocating memory for a synchronous flush.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn &lt;johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni &lt;chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com&gt;
Acked-by: Damien Le Moal &lt;damien.lemoal@wdc.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>ext4: support idmapped mounts</title>
<updated>2021-01-24T13:43:46+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Christian Brauner</name>
<email>christian.brauner@ubuntu.com</email>
</author>
<published>2021-01-21T13:19:57+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=14f3db5542e62bcf6fe088a09760ac52d55306c5'/>
<id>14f3db5542e62bcf6fe088a09760ac52d55306c5</id>
<content type='text'>
Enable idmapped mounts for ext4. All dedicated helpers we need for this
exist. So this basically just means we're passing down the
user_namespace argument from the VFS methods to the relevant helpers.

Let's create simple example where we idmap an ext4 filesystem:

 root@f2-vm:~# truncate -s 5G ext4.img

 root@f2-vm:~# mkfs.ext4 ./ext4.img
 mke2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
 Discarding device blocks: done
 Creating filesystem with 1310720 4k blocks and 327680 inodes
 Filesystem UUID: 3fd91794-c6ca-4b0f-9964-289a000919cf
 Superblock backups stored on blocks:
         32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

 Allocating group tables: done
 Writing inode tables: done
 Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

 root@f2-vm:~# losetup -f --show ./ext4.img
 /dev/loop0

 root@f2-vm:~# mount /dev/loop0 /mnt

 root@f2-vm:~# ls -al /mnt/
 total 24
 drwxr-xr-x  3 root root  4096 Oct 28 13:34 .
 drwxr-xr-x 30 root root  4096 Oct 28 13:22 ..
 drwx------  2 root root 16384 Oct 28 13:34 lost+found

 # Let's create an idmapped mount at /idmapped1 where we map uid and gid
 # 0 to uid and gid 1000
 root@f2-vm:/# ./mount-idmapped --map-mount b:0:1000:1 /mnt/ /idmapped1/

 root@f2-vm:/# ls -al /idmapped1/
 total 24
 drwxr-xr-x  3 ubuntu ubuntu  4096 Oct 28 13:34 .
 drwxr-xr-x 30 root   root    4096 Oct 28 13:22 ..
 drwx------  2 ubuntu ubuntu 16384 Oct 28 13:34 lost+found

 # Let's create an idmapped mount at /idmapped2 where we map uid and gid
 # 0 to uid and gid 2000
 root@f2-vm:/# ./mount-idmapped --map-mount b:0:2000:1 /mnt/ /idmapped2/

 root@f2-vm:/# ls -al /idmapped2/
 total 24
 drwxr-xr-x  3 2000 2000  4096 Oct 28 13:34 .
 drwxr-xr-x 31 root root  4096 Oct 28 13:39 ..
 drwx------  2 2000 2000 16384 Oct 28 13:34 lost+found

Let's create another example where we idmap the rootfs filesystem
without a mapping for uid 0 and gid 0:

 # Create an idmapped mount of for a full POSIX range of rootfs under
 # /mnt but without a mapping for uid 0 to reduce attack surface

 root@f2-vm:/# ./mount-idmapped --map-mount b:1:1:65536 / /mnt/

 # Since we don't have a mapping for uid and gid 0 all files owned by
 # uid and gid 0 should show up as uid and gid 65534:
 root@f2-vm:/# ls -al /mnt/
 total 664
 drwxr-xr-x 31 nobody nogroup   4096 Oct 28 13:39 .
 drwxr-xr-x 31 root   root      4096 Oct 28 13:39 ..
 lrwxrwxrwx  1 nobody nogroup      7 Aug 25 07:44 bin -&gt; usr/bin
 drwxr-xr-x  4 nobody nogroup   4096 Oct 28 13:17 boot
 drwxr-xr-x  2 nobody nogroup   4096 Aug 25 07:48 dev
 drwxr-xr-x 81 nobody nogroup   4096 Oct 28 04:00 etc
 drwxr-xr-x  4 nobody nogroup   4096 Oct 28 04:00 home
 lrwxrwxrwx  1 nobody nogroup      7 Aug 25 07:44 lib -&gt; usr/lib
 lrwxrwxrwx  1 nobody nogroup      9 Aug 25 07:44 lib32 -&gt; usr/lib32
 lrwxrwxrwx  1 nobody nogroup      9 Aug 25 07:44 lib64 -&gt; usr/lib64
 lrwxrwxrwx  1 nobody nogroup     10 Aug 25 07:44 libx32 -&gt; usr/libx32
 drwx------  2 nobody nogroup  16384 Aug 25 07:47 lost+found
 drwxr-xr-x  2 nobody nogroup   4096 Aug 25 07:44 media
 drwxr-xr-x 31 nobody nogroup   4096 Oct 28 13:39 mnt
 drwxr-xr-x  2 nobody nogroup   4096 Aug 25 07:44 opt
 drwxr-xr-x  2 nobody nogroup   4096 Apr 15  2020 proc
 drwx--x--x  6 nobody nogroup   4096 Oct 28 13:34 root
 drwxr-xr-x  2 nobody nogroup   4096 Aug 25 07:46 run
 lrwxrwxrwx  1 nobody nogroup      8 Aug 25 07:44 sbin -&gt; usr/sbin
 drwxr-xr-x  2 nobody nogroup   4096 Aug 25 07:44 srv
 drwxr-xr-x  2 nobody nogroup   4096 Apr 15  2020 sys
 drwxrwxrwt 10 nobody nogroup   4096 Oct 28 13:19 tmp
 drwxr-xr-x 14 nobody nogroup   4096 Oct 20 13:00 usr
 drwxr-xr-x 12 nobody nogroup   4096 Aug 25 07:45 var

 # Since we do have a mapping for uid and gid 1000 all files owned by
 # uid and gid 1000 should simply show up as uid and gid 1000:
 root@f2-vm:/# ls -al /mnt/home/ubuntu/
 total 40
 drwxr-xr-x 3 ubuntu ubuntu  4096 Oct 28 00:43 .
 drwxr-xr-x 4 nobody nogroup 4096 Oct 28 04:00 ..
 -rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu  2936 Oct 28 12:26 .bash_history
 -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu   220 Feb 25  2020 .bash_logout
 -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu  3771 Feb 25  2020 .bashrc
 -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu   807 Feb 25  2020 .profile
 -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu     0 Oct 16 16:11 .sudo_as_admin_successful
 -rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu  1144 Oct 28 00:43 .viminfo

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210121131959.646623-39-christian.brauner@ubuntu.com
Cc: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
Cc: David Howells &lt;dhowells@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Al Viro &lt;viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk&gt;
Cc: linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner &lt;christian.brauner@ubuntu.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Enable idmapped mounts for ext4. All dedicated helpers we need for this
exist. So this basically just means we're passing down the
user_namespace argument from the VFS methods to the relevant helpers.

Let's create simple example where we idmap an ext4 filesystem:

 root@f2-vm:~# truncate -s 5G ext4.img

 root@f2-vm:~# mkfs.ext4 ./ext4.img
 mke2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
 Discarding device blocks: done
 Creating filesystem with 1310720 4k blocks and 327680 inodes
 Filesystem UUID: 3fd91794-c6ca-4b0f-9964-289a000919cf
 Superblock backups stored on blocks:
         32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

 Allocating group tables: done
 Writing inode tables: done
 Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

 root@f2-vm:~# losetup -f --show ./ext4.img
 /dev/loop0

 root@f2-vm:~# mount /dev/loop0 /mnt

 root@f2-vm:~# ls -al /mnt/
 total 24
 drwxr-xr-x  3 root root  4096 Oct 28 13:34 .
 drwxr-xr-x 30 root root  4096 Oct 28 13:22 ..
 drwx------  2 root root 16384 Oct 28 13:34 lost+found

 # Let's create an idmapped mount at /idmapped1 where we map uid and gid
 # 0 to uid and gid 1000
 root@f2-vm:/# ./mount-idmapped --map-mount b:0:1000:1 /mnt/ /idmapped1/

 root@f2-vm:/# ls -al /idmapped1/
 total 24
 drwxr-xr-x  3 ubuntu ubuntu  4096 Oct 28 13:34 .
 drwxr-xr-x 30 root   root    4096 Oct 28 13:22 ..
 drwx------  2 ubuntu ubuntu 16384 Oct 28 13:34 lost+found

 # Let's create an idmapped mount at /idmapped2 where we map uid and gid
 # 0 to uid and gid 2000
 root@f2-vm:/# ./mount-idmapped --map-mount b:0:2000:1 /mnt/ /idmapped2/

 root@f2-vm:/# ls -al /idmapped2/
 total 24
 drwxr-xr-x  3 2000 2000  4096 Oct 28 13:34 .
 drwxr-xr-x 31 root root  4096 Oct 28 13:39 ..
 drwx------  2 2000 2000 16384 Oct 28 13:34 lost+found

Let's create another example where we idmap the rootfs filesystem
without a mapping for uid 0 and gid 0:

 # Create an idmapped mount of for a full POSIX range of rootfs under
 # /mnt but without a mapping for uid 0 to reduce attack surface

 root@f2-vm:/# ./mount-idmapped --map-mount b:1:1:65536 / /mnt/

 # Since we don't have a mapping for uid and gid 0 all files owned by
 # uid and gid 0 should show up as uid and gid 65534:
 root@f2-vm:/# ls -al /mnt/
 total 664
 drwxr-xr-x 31 nobody nogroup   4096 Oct 28 13:39 .
 drwxr-xr-x 31 root   root      4096 Oct 28 13:39 ..
 lrwxrwxrwx  1 nobody nogroup      7 Aug 25 07:44 bin -&gt; usr/bin
 drwxr-xr-x  4 nobody nogroup   4096 Oct 28 13:17 boot
 drwxr-xr-x  2 nobody nogroup   4096 Aug 25 07:48 dev
 drwxr-xr-x 81 nobody nogroup   4096 Oct 28 04:00 etc
 drwxr-xr-x  4 nobody nogroup   4096 Oct 28 04:00 home
 lrwxrwxrwx  1 nobody nogroup      7 Aug 25 07:44 lib -&gt; usr/lib
 lrwxrwxrwx  1 nobody nogroup      9 Aug 25 07:44 lib32 -&gt; usr/lib32
 lrwxrwxrwx  1 nobody nogroup      9 Aug 25 07:44 lib64 -&gt; usr/lib64
 lrwxrwxrwx  1 nobody nogroup     10 Aug 25 07:44 libx32 -&gt; usr/libx32
 drwx------  2 nobody nogroup  16384 Aug 25 07:47 lost+found
 drwxr-xr-x  2 nobody nogroup   4096 Aug 25 07:44 media
 drwxr-xr-x 31 nobody nogroup   4096 Oct 28 13:39 mnt
 drwxr-xr-x  2 nobody nogroup   4096 Aug 25 07:44 opt
 drwxr-xr-x  2 nobody nogroup   4096 Apr 15  2020 proc
 drwx--x--x  6 nobody nogroup   4096 Oct 28 13:34 root
 drwxr-xr-x  2 nobody nogroup   4096 Aug 25 07:46 run
 lrwxrwxrwx  1 nobody nogroup      8 Aug 25 07:44 sbin -&gt; usr/sbin
 drwxr-xr-x  2 nobody nogroup   4096 Aug 25 07:44 srv
 drwxr-xr-x  2 nobody nogroup   4096 Apr 15  2020 sys
 drwxrwxrwt 10 nobody nogroup   4096 Oct 28 13:19 tmp
 drwxr-xr-x 14 nobody nogroup   4096 Oct 20 13:00 usr
 drwxr-xr-x 12 nobody nogroup   4096 Aug 25 07:45 var

 # Since we do have a mapping for uid and gid 1000 all files owned by
 # uid and gid 1000 should simply show up as uid and gid 1000:
 root@f2-vm:/# ls -al /mnt/home/ubuntu/
 total 40
 drwxr-xr-x 3 ubuntu ubuntu  4096 Oct 28 00:43 .
 drwxr-xr-x 4 nobody nogroup 4096 Oct 28 04:00 ..
 -rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu  2936 Oct 28 12:26 .bash_history
 -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu   220 Feb 25  2020 .bash_logout
 -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu  3771 Feb 25  2020 .bashrc
 -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu   807 Feb 25  2020 .profile
 -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu     0 Oct 16 16:11 .sudo_as_admin_successful
 -rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu  1144 Oct 28 00:43 .viminfo

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210121131959.646623-39-christian.brauner@ubuntu.com
Cc: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
Cc: David Howells &lt;dhowells@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Al Viro &lt;viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk&gt;
Cc: linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner &lt;christian.brauner@ubuntu.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus_stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4</title>
<updated>2021-01-15T22:54:24+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2021-01-15T22:54:24+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=0bc9bc1d8b2fa0d5a7e2132e89c540099ea63172'/>
<id>0bc9bc1d8b2fa0d5a7e2132e89c540099ea63172</id>
<content type='text'>
Pull ext4 fixes from Ted Ts'o:
 "A number of bug fixes for ext4:

   - Fix for the new fast_commit feature

   - Fix some error handling codepaths in whiteout handling and
     mountpoint sampling

   - Fix how we write ext4_error information so it goes through the
     journal when journalling is active, to avoid races that can lead to
     lost error information, superblock checksum failures, or DIF/DIX
     features"

* tag 'ext4_for_linus_stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
  ext4: remove expensive flush on fast commit
  ext4: fix bug for rename with RENAME_WHITEOUT
  ext4: fix wrong list_splice in ext4_fc_cleanup
  ext4: use IS_ERR instead of IS_ERR_OR_NULL and set inode null when IS_ERR
  ext4: don't leak old mountpoint samples
  ext4: drop ext4_handle_dirty_super()
  ext4: fix superblock checksum failure when setting password salt
  ext4: use sbi instead of EXT4_SB(sb) in ext4_update_super()
  ext4: save error info to sb through journal if available
  ext4: protect superblock modifications with a buffer lock
  ext4: drop sync argument of ext4_commit_super()
  ext4: combine ext4_handle_error() and save_error_info()
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Pull ext4 fixes from Ted Ts'o:
 "A number of bug fixes for ext4:

   - Fix for the new fast_commit feature

   - Fix some error handling codepaths in whiteout handling and
     mountpoint sampling

   - Fix how we write ext4_error information so it goes through the
     journal when journalling is active, to avoid races that can lead to
     lost error information, superblock checksum failures, or DIF/DIX
     features"

* tag 'ext4_for_linus_stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
  ext4: remove expensive flush on fast commit
  ext4: fix bug for rename with RENAME_WHITEOUT
  ext4: fix wrong list_splice in ext4_fc_cleanup
  ext4: use IS_ERR instead of IS_ERR_OR_NULL and set inode null when IS_ERR
  ext4: don't leak old mountpoint samples
  ext4: drop ext4_handle_dirty_super()
  ext4: fix superblock checksum failure when setting password salt
  ext4: use sbi instead of EXT4_SB(sb) in ext4_update_super()
  ext4: save error info to sb through journal if available
  ext4: protect superblock modifications with a buffer lock
  ext4: drop sync argument of ext4_commit_super()
  ext4: combine ext4_handle_error() and save_error_info()
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4</title>
<updated>2020-12-24T22:16:02+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2020-12-24T22:16:02+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=555a6e8c11e6282bb2704ef1cee64ceaeb41773e'/>
<id>555a6e8c11e6282bb2704ef1cee64ceaeb41773e</id>
<content type='text'>
Pull ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o:
 "Various bug fixes and cleanups for ext4; no new features this cycle"

* tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (29 commits)
  ext4: remove unnecessary wbc parameter from ext4_bio_write_page
  ext4: avoid s_mb_prefetch to be zero in individual scenarios
  ext4: defer saving error info from atomic context
  ext4: simplify ext4 error translation
  ext4: move functions in super.c
  ext4: make ext4_abort() use __ext4_error()
  ext4: standardize error message in ext4_protect_reserved_inode()
  ext4: remove redundant sb checksum recomputation
  ext4: don't remount read-only with errors=continue on reboot
  ext4: fix deadlock with fs freezing and EA inodes
  jbd2: add a helper to find out number of fast commit blocks
  ext4: make fast_commit.h byte identical with e2fsprogs/fast_commit.h
  ext4: fix fall-through warnings for Clang
  ext4: add docs about fast commit idempotence
  ext4: remove the unused EXT4_CURRENT_REV macro
  ext4: fix an IS_ERR() vs NULL check
  ext4: check for invalid block size early when mounting a file system
  ext4: fix a memory leak of ext4_free_data
  ext4: delete nonsensical (commented-out) code inside ext4_xattr_block_set()
  ext4: update ext4_data_block_valid related comments
  ...
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Pull ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o:
 "Various bug fixes and cleanups for ext4; no new features this cycle"

* tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (29 commits)
  ext4: remove unnecessary wbc parameter from ext4_bio_write_page
  ext4: avoid s_mb_prefetch to be zero in individual scenarios
  ext4: defer saving error info from atomic context
  ext4: simplify ext4 error translation
  ext4: move functions in super.c
  ext4: make ext4_abort() use __ext4_error()
  ext4: standardize error message in ext4_protect_reserved_inode()
  ext4: remove redundant sb checksum recomputation
  ext4: don't remount read-only with errors=continue on reboot
  ext4: fix deadlock with fs freezing and EA inodes
  jbd2: add a helper to find out number of fast commit blocks
  ext4: make fast_commit.h byte identical with e2fsprogs/fast_commit.h
  ext4: fix fall-through warnings for Clang
  ext4: add docs about fast commit idempotence
  ext4: remove the unused EXT4_CURRENT_REV macro
  ext4: fix an IS_ERR() vs NULL check
  ext4: check for invalid block size early when mounting a file system
  ext4: fix a memory leak of ext4_free_data
  ext4: delete nonsensical (commented-out) code inside ext4_xattr_block_set()
  ext4: update ext4_data_block_valid related comments
  ...
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
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