<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux.git/fs/exec.c, branch v3.11-rc4</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel source tree</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>fs/exec.c:de_thread: mt-exec should update -&gt;real_start_time</title>
<updated>2013-07-03T23:08:03+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Oleg Nesterov</name>
<email>oleg@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2013-07-03T22:08:35+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=266b7a021f7dcc4d4531961a47f4ef74c3c4ab6b'/>
<id>266b7a021f7dcc4d4531961a47f4ef74c3c4ab6b</id>
<content type='text'>
924b42d5 ("Use boot based time for process start time and boot time in
/proc") updated copy_process/do_task_stat but forgot about de_thread().
This breaks "ps axOT" if a sub-thread execs.

Note: I think that task-&gt;start_time should die.

Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov &lt;oleg@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" &lt;ebiederm@xmission.com&gt;
Acked-by: John Stultz &lt;johnstul@us.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: Tomas Janousek &lt;tjanouse@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Tomas Smetana &lt;tsmetana@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
924b42d5 ("Use boot based time for process start time and boot time in
/proc") updated copy_process/do_task_stat but forgot about de_thread().
This breaks "ps axOT" if a sub-thread execs.

Note: I think that task-&gt;start_time should die.

Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov &lt;oleg@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" &lt;ebiederm@xmission.com&gt;
Acked-by: John Stultz &lt;johnstul@us.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: Tomas Janousek &lt;tjanouse@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Tomas Smetana &lt;tsmetana@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>fs/exec.c: do_execve_common(): use current_user()</title>
<updated>2013-07-03T23:08:03+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Oleg Nesterov</name>
<email>oleg@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2013-07-03T22:08:34+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=bd9d43f47d6944019918a801398c587ee86c4b52'/>
<id>bd9d43f47d6944019918a801398c587ee86c4b52</id>
<content type='text'>
Trivial cleanup.  do_execve_common() can use current_user() and avoid the
unnecessary "struct cred *cred" var.

Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov &lt;oleg@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Vasiliy Kulikov &lt;segoon@openwall.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Trivial cleanup.  do_execve_common() can use current_user() and avoid the
unnecessary "struct cred *cred" var.

Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov &lt;oleg@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Vasiliy Kulikov &lt;segoon@openwall.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>fs/exec.c:de_thread(): use change_pid() rather than detach_pid/attach_pid</title>
<updated>2013-07-03T23:08:02+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Oleg Nesterov</name>
<email>oleg@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2013-07-03T22:08:25+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=3f4185483832ccf3d2977923db576fa689c2abce'/>
<id>3f4185483832ccf3d2977923db576fa689c2abce</id>
<content type='text'>
de_thread() can use change_pid() instead of detach + attach.  This looks
better and this ensures that, say, next_thread() can never see a task with
-&gt;pid == NULL.

Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov &lt;oleg@redhat.com&gt;
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" &lt;ebiederm@xmission.com&gt;
Cc: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov &lt;xemul@parallels.com&gt;
Cc: Sergey Dyasly &lt;dserrg@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
de_thread() can use change_pid() instead of detach + attach.  This looks
better and this ensures that, say, next_thread() can never see a task with
-&gt;pid == NULL.

Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov &lt;oleg@redhat.com&gt;
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" &lt;ebiederm@xmission.com&gt;
Cc: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov &lt;xemul@parallels.com&gt;
Cc: Sergey Dyasly &lt;dserrg@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs</title>
<updated>2013-07-03T16:10:19+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2013-07-03T16:10:19+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=790eac5640abf7a57fa3a644386df330e18c11b0'/>
<id>790eac5640abf7a57fa3a644386df330e18c11b0</id>
<content type='text'>
Pull second set of VFS changes from Al Viro:
 "Assorted f_pos race fixes, making do_splice_direct() safe to call with
  i_mutex on parent, O_TMPFILE support, Jeff's locks.c series,
  -&gt;d_hash/-&gt;d_compare calling conventions changes from Linus, misc
  stuff all over the place."

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (63 commits)
  Document -&gt;tmpfile()
  ext4: -&gt;tmpfile() support
  vfs: export lseek_execute() to modules
  lseek_execute() doesn't need an inode passed to it
  block_dev: switch to fixed_size_llseek()
  cpqphp_sysfs: switch to fixed_size_llseek()
  tile-srom: switch to fixed_size_llseek()
  proc_powerpc: switch to fixed_size_llseek()
  ubi/cdev: switch to fixed_size_llseek()
  pci/proc: switch to fixed_size_llseek()
  isapnp: switch to fixed_size_llseek()
  lpfc: switch to fixed_size_llseek()
  locks: give the blocked_hash its own spinlock
  locks: add a new "lm_owner_key" lock operation
  locks: turn the blocked_list into a hashtable
  locks: convert fl_link to a hlist_node
  locks: avoid taking global lock if possible when waking up blocked waiters
  locks: protect most of the file_lock handling with i_lock
  locks: encapsulate the fl_link list handling
  locks: make "added" in __posix_lock_file a bool
  ...
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Pull second set of VFS changes from Al Viro:
 "Assorted f_pos race fixes, making do_splice_direct() safe to call with
  i_mutex on parent, O_TMPFILE support, Jeff's locks.c series,
  -&gt;d_hash/-&gt;d_compare calling conventions changes from Linus, misc
  stuff all over the place."

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (63 commits)
  Document -&gt;tmpfile()
  ext4: -&gt;tmpfile() support
  vfs: export lseek_execute() to modules
  lseek_execute() doesn't need an inode passed to it
  block_dev: switch to fixed_size_llseek()
  cpqphp_sysfs: switch to fixed_size_llseek()
  tile-srom: switch to fixed_size_llseek()
  proc_powerpc: switch to fixed_size_llseek()
  ubi/cdev: switch to fixed_size_llseek()
  pci/proc: switch to fixed_size_llseek()
  isapnp: switch to fixed_size_llseek()
  lpfc: switch to fixed_size_llseek()
  locks: give the blocked_hash its own spinlock
  locks: add a new "lm_owner_key" lock operation
  locks: turn the blocked_list into a hashtable
  locks: convert fl_link to a hlist_node
  locks: avoid taking global lock if possible when waking up blocked waiters
  locks: protect most of the file_lock handling with i_lock
  locks: encapsulate the fl_link list handling
  locks: make "added" in __posix_lock_file a bool
  ...
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>allow build_open_flags() to return an error</title>
<updated>2013-06-29T08:57:09+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Al Viro</name>
<email>viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk</email>
</author>
<published>2013-06-11T04:23:01+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=f9652e10c12b43d9bb957269745cf2fa5682fa92'/>
<id>f9652e10c12b43d9bb957269745cf2fa5682fa92</id>
<content type='text'>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro &lt;viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro &lt;viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf: Disable monitoring on setuid processes for regular users</title>
<updated>2013-06-26T09:40:18+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Stephane Eranian</name>
<email>eranian@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2013-06-20T09:36:28+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=2976b10f05bd7f6dab9f9e7524451ddfed656a89'/>
<id>2976b10f05bd7f6dab9f9e7524451ddfed656a89</id>
<content type='text'>
There was a a bug in setup_new_exec(), whereby
the test to disabled perf monitoring was not
correct because the new credentials for the
process were not yet committed and therefore
the get_dumpable() test was never firing.

The patch fixes the problem by moving the
perf_event test until after the credentials
are committed.

Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian &lt;eranian@google.com&gt;
Tested-by: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@redhat.com&gt;
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra &lt;a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl&gt;
Cc: &lt;stable@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
There was a a bug in setup_new_exec(), whereby
the test to disabled perf monitoring was not
correct because the new credentials for the
process were not yet committed and therefore
the get_dumpable() test was never firing.

The patch fixes the problem by moving the
perf_event test until after the credentials
are committed.

Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian &lt;eranian@google.com&gt;
Tested-by: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@redhat.com&gt;
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra &lt;a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl&gt;
Cc: &lt;stable@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs</title>
<updated>2013-05-02T00:51:54+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2013-05-02T00:51:54+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=20b4fb485227404329e41ad15588afad3df23050'/>
<id>20b4fb485227404329e41ad15588afad3df23050</id>
<content type='text'>
Pull VFS updates from Al Viro,

Misc cleanups all over the place, mainly wrt /proc interfaces (switch
create_proc_entry to proc_create(), get rid of the deprecated
create_proc_read_entry() in favor of using proc_create_data() and
seq_file etc).

7kloc removed.

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (204 commits)
  don't bother with deferred freeing of fdtables
  proc: Move non-public stuff from linux/proc_fs.h to fs/proc/internal.h
  proc: Make the PROC_I() and PDE() macros internal to procfs
  proc: Supply a function to remove a proc entry by PDE
  take cgroup_open() and cpuset_open() to fs/proc/base.c
  ppc: Clean up scanlog
  ppc: Clean up rtas_flash driver somewhat
  hostap: proc: Use remove_proc_subtree()
  drm: proc: Use remove_proc_subtree()
  drm: proc: Use minor-&gt;index to label things, not PDE-&gt;name
  drm: Constify drm_proc_list[]
  zoran: Don't print proc_dir_entry data in debug
  reiserfs: Don't access the proc_dir_entry in r_open(), r_start() r_show()
  proc: Supply an accessor for getting the data from a PDE's parent
  airo: Use remove_proc_subtree()
  rtl8192u: Don't need to save device proc dir PDE
  rtl8187se: Use a dir under /proc/net/r8180/
  proc: Add proc_mkdir_data()
  proc: Move some bits from linux/proc_fs.h to linux/{of.h,signal.h,tty.h}
  proc: Move PDE_NET() to fs/proc/proc_net.c
  ...
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Pull VFS updates from Al Viro,

Misc cleanups all over the place, mainly wrt /proc interfaces (switch
create_proc_entry to proc_create(), get rid of the deprecated
create_proc_read_entry() in favor of using proc_create_data() and
seq_file etc).

7kloc removed.

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (204 commits)
  don't bother with deferred freeing of fdtables
  proc: Move non-public stuff from linux/proc_fs.h to fs/proc/internal.h
  proc: Make the PROC_I() and PDE() macros internal to procfs
  proc: Supply a function to remove a proc entry by PDE
  take cgroup_open() and cpuset_open() to fs/proc/base.c
  ppc: Clean up scanlog
  ppc: Clean up rtas_flash driver somewhat
  hostap: proc: Use remove_proc_subtree()
  drm: proc: Use remove_proc_subtree()
  drm: proc: Use minor-&gt;index to label things, not PDE-&gt;name
  drm: Constify drm_proc_list[]
  zoran: Don't print proc_dir_entry data in debug
  reiserfs: Don't access the proc_dir_entry in r_open(), r_start() r_show()
  proc: Supply an accessor for getting the data from a PDE's parent
  airo: Use remove_proc_subtree()
  rtl8192u: Don't need to save device proc dir PDE
  rtl8187se: Use a dir under /proc/net/r8180/
  proc: Add proc_mkdir_data()
  proc: Move some bits from linux/proc_fs.h to linux/{of.h,signal.h,tty.h}
  proc: Move PDE_NET() to fs/proc/proc_net.c
  ...
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>exec: do not abuse -&gt;cred_guard_mutex in threadgroup_lock()</title>
<updated>2013-05-01T00:04:07+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Oleg Nesterov</name>
<email>oleg@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2013-04-30T22:28:20+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=e56fb2874015370e3b7f8d85051f6dce26051df9'/>
<id>e56fb2874015370e3b7f8d85051f6dce26051df9</id>
<content type='text'>
threadgroup_lock() takes signal-&gt;cred_guard_mutex to ensure that
thread_group_leader() is stable.  This doesn't look nice, the scope of
this lock in do_execve() is huge.

And as Dave pointed out this can lead to deadlock, we have the
following dependencies:

	do_execve:		cred_guard_mutex -&gt; i_mutex
	cgroup_mount:		i_mutex -&gt; cgroup_mutex
	attach_task_by_pid:	cgroup_mutex -&gt; cred_guard_mutex

Change de_thread() to take threadgroup_change_begin() around the
switch-the-leader code and change threadgroup_lock() to avoid
-&gt;cred_guard_mutex.

Note that de_thread() can't sleep with -&gt;group_rwsem held, this can
obviously deadlock with the exiting leader if the writer is active, so it
does threadgroup_change_end() before schedule().

Reported-by: Dave Jones &lt;davej@redhat.com&gt;
Acked-by: Tejun Heo &lt;tj@kernel.org&gt;
Acked-by: Li Zefan &lt;lizefan@huawei.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov &lt;oleg@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: &lt;stable@vger.kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
threadgroup_lock() takes signal-&gt;cred_guard_mutex to ensure that
thread_group_leader() is stable.  This doesn't look nice, the scope of
this lock in do_execve() is huge.

And as Dave pointed out this can lead to deadlock, we have the
following dependencies:

	do_execve:		cred_guard_mutex -&gt; i_mutex
	cgroup_mount:		i_mutex -&gt; cgroup_mutex
	attach_task_by_pid:	cgroup_mutex -&gt; cred_guard_mutex

Change de_thread() to take threadgroup_change_begin() around the
switch-the-leader code and change threadgroup_lock() to avoid
-&gt;cred_guard_mutex.

Note that de_thread() can't sleep with -&gt;group_rwsem held, this can
obviously deadlock with the exiting leader if the writer is active, so it
does threadgroup_change_end() before schedule().

Reported-by: Dave Jones &lt;davej@redhat.com&gt;
Acked-by: Tejun Heo &lt;tj@kernel.org&gt;
Acked-by: Li Zefan &lt;lizefan@huawei.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov &lt;oleg@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: &lt;stable@vger.kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>set_task_comm: kill the pointless memset() + wmb()</title>
<updated>2013-05-01T00:04:07+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Oleg Nesterov</name>
<email>oleg@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2013-04-30T22:28:19+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=12eaaf309a798973d215f7f21aa5a67a760ed7c8'/>
<id>12eaaf309a798973d215f7f21aa5a67a760ed7c8</id>
<content type='text'>
set_task_comm() does memset() + wmb() before strlcpy().  This buys
nothing and to add to the confusion, the comment is wrong.

- We do not need memset() to be "safe from non-terminating string
  reads", the final char is always zero and we never change it.

- wmb() is paired with nothing, it cannot prevent from printing
  the mixture of the old/new data unless the reader takes the lock.

Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov &lt;oleg@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Andi Kleen &lt;andi@firstfloor.org&gt;
Cc: John Stultz &lt;johnstul@us.ibm.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
set_task_comm() does memset() + wmb() before strlcpy().  This buys
nothing and to add to the confusion, the comment is wrong.

- We do not need memset() to be "safe from non-terminating string
  reads", the final char is always zero and we never change it.

- wmb() is paired with nothing, it cannot prevent from printing
  the mixture of the old/new data unless the reader takes the lock.

Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov &lt;oleg@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Andi Kleen &lt;andi@firstfloor.org&gt;
Cc: John Stultz &lt;johnstul@us.ibm.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>mm: allow arch code to control the user page table ceiling</title>
<updated>2013-04-29T22:54:34+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Hugh Dickins</name>
<email>hughd@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2013-04-29T22:07:44+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux.git/commit/?id=6ee8630e02be6dd89926ca0fbc21af68b23dc087'/>
<id>6ee8630e02be6dd89926ca0fbc21af68b23dc087</id>
<content type='text'>
On architectures where a pgd entry may be shared between user and kernel
(e.g.  ARM+LPAE), freeing page tables needs a ceiling other than 0.
This patch introduces a generic USER_PGTABLES_CEILING that arch code can
override.  It is the responsibility of the arch code setting the ceiling
to ensure the complete freeing of the page tables (usually in
pgd_free()).

[catalin.marinas@arm.com: commit log; shift_arg_pages(), asm-generic/pgtables.h changes]
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins &lt;hughd@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas &lt;catalin.marinas@arm.com&gt;
Cc: Russell King &lt;linux@arm.linux.org.uk&gt;
Cc: &lt;stable@vger.kernel.org&gt;	[3.3+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
On architectures where a pgd entry may be shared between user and kernel
(e.g.  ARM+LPAE), freeing page tables needs a ceiling other than 0.
This patch introduces a generic USER_PGTABLES_CEILING that arch code can
override.  It is the responsibility of the arch code setting the ceiling
to ensure the complete freeing of the page tables (usually in
pgd_free()).

[catalin.marinas@arm.com: commit log; shift_arg_pages(), asm-generic/pgtables.h changes]
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins &lt;hughd@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas &lt;catalin.marinas@arm.com&gt;
Cc: Russell King &lt;linux@arm.linux.org.uk&gt;
Cc: &lt;stable@vger.kernel.org&gt;	[3.3+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
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</content>
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