linux.git/fs/binfmt_elf.c, branch v5.16

Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)

2021-11-09T18:11:53+00:00

Merge more updates from Andrew Morton:
 "87 patches.

  Subsystems affected by this patch series: mm (pagecache and hugetlb),
  procfs, misc, MAINTAINERS, lib, checkpatch, binfmt, kallsyms, ramfs,
  init, codafs, nilfs2, hfs, crash_dump, signals, seq_file, fork,
  sysvfs, kcov, gdb, resource, selftests, and ipc"

* emailed patches from Andrew Morton : (87 commits)
  ipc/ipc_sysctl.c: remove fallback for !CONFIG_PROC_SYSCTL
  ipc: check checkpoint_restore_ns_capable() to modify C/R proc files
  selftests/kselftest/runner/run_one(): allow running non-executable files
  virtio-mem: disallow mapping virtio-mem memory via /dev/mem
  kernel/resource: disallow access to exclusive system RAM regions
  kernel/resource: clean up and optimize iomem_is_exclusive()
  scripts/gdb: handle split debug for vmlinux
  kcov: replace local_irq_save() with a local_lock_t
  kcov: avoid enable+disable interrupts if !in_task()
  kcov: allocate per-CPU memory on the relevant node
  Documentation/kcov: define `ip' in the example
  Documentation/kcov: include types.h in the example
  sysv: use BUILD_BUG_ON instead of runtime check
  kernel/fork.c: unshare(): use swap() to make code cleaner
  seq_file: fix passing wrong private data
  seq_file: move seq_escape() to a header
  signal: remove duplicate include in signal.h
  crash_dump: remove duplicate include in crash_dump.h
  crash_dump: fix boolreturn.cocci warning
  hfs/hfsplus: use WARN_ON for sanity check
  ...

ELF: simplify STACK_ALLOC macro

2021-11-09T18:02:50+00:00

"A -= B; A" is equivalent to "A -= B".

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/YVmcP256fRMqCwgK@localhost.localdomain
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

binfmt_elf: reintroduce using MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE

2021-11-09T18:02:50+00:00

Commit b212921b13bd ("elf: don't use MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE for elf
executable mappings") reverted back to using MAP_FIXED to map ELF LOAD
segments because it was found that the segments in some binaries overlap
and can cause MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE to fail.

The original intent of MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE in the ELF loader was to
prevent the silent clobbering of an existing mapping (e.g.  stack) by
the ELF image, which could lead to exploitable conditions.  Quoting
commit 4ed28639519c ("fs, elf: drop MAP_FIXED usage from elf_map"),
which originally introduced the use of MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE in the
loader:

    Both load_elf_interp and load_elf_binary rely on elf_map to map
    segments [to a specific] address and they use MAP_FIXED to enforce
    that. This is however [a] dangerous thing prone to silent data
    corruption which can be even exploitable.
    ...
    Let's take CVE-2017-1000253 as an example ... we could end up mapping
    [the executable] over the existing stack ... The [stack layout] issue
    has been fixed since then ... So we should be safe and any [similar]
    attack should be impractical. On the other hand this is just too
    subtle [an] assumption ... it can break quite easily and [be] hard to
    spot.
    ...
    Address this [weakness] by changing MAP_FIXED to the newly added
    MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE. This will mean that mmap will fail if there is
    an existing mapping clashing with the requested one [instead of
    silently] clobbering it.

Then processing ET_DYN binaries the loader already calculates a total
size for the image when the first segment is mapped, maps the entire
image, and then unmaps the remainder before the remaining segments are
then individually mapped.

To avoid the earlier problems (legitimate overlapping LOAD segments
specified in the ELF), apply the same logic to ET_EXEC binaries as well.

For both ET_EXEC and ET_DYN+INTERP use MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE for the
initial total size mapping and then use MAP_FIXED to build the final
(possibly legitimately overlapping) mappings.  For ET_DYN w/out INTERP,
continue to map at a system-selected address in the mmap region.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210916215947.3993776-1-keescook@chromium.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1595869887-23307-2-git-send-email-anthony.yznaga@oracle.com
Co-developed-by: Anthony Yznaga 
Signed-off-by: Anthony Yznaga 
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook 
Cc: Russell King 
Cc: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Eric Biederman 
Cc: Chen Jingwen 
Cc: Alexander Viro 
Cc: Andrei Vagin 
Cc: Khalid Aziz 
Cc: Michael Ellerman 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

Merge branch 'per_signal_struct_coredumps-for-v5.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace

2021-11-03T19:15:29+00:00

Pull per signal_struct coredumps from Eric Biederman:
"Current coredumps are mixed up with the exit code, the signal handling
code, and the ptrace code making coredumps much more complicated than
necessary and difficult to follow.

This series of changes starts with ptrace_stop and cleans it up,
making it easier to follow what is happening in ptrace_stop. Then
cleans up the exec interactions with coredumps. Then cleans up the
coredump interactions with exit. Finally the coredump interactions
with the signal handling code is cleaned up.

The first and last changes are bug fixes for minor bugs.

I believe the fact that vfork followed by execve can kill the process
the called vfork if exec fails is sufficient justification to change
the userspace visible behavior.

In previous discussions some of these changes were organized
differently and individually appeared to make the code base worse. As
currently written I believe they all stand on their own as cleanups
and bug fixes.

Which means that even if the worst should happen and the last change
needs to be reverted for some unimaginable reason, the code base will
still be improved.

If the worst does not happen there are a more cleanups that can be
made. Signals that generate coredumps can easily become eligible for
short circuit delivery in complete_signal. The entire rendezvous for
generating a coredump can move into get_signal. The function
force_sig_info_to_task be written in a way that does not modify the
signal handling state of the target task (because coredumps are
eligible for short circuit delivery). Many of these future cleanups
can be done another way but nothing so cleanly as if coredumps become
per signal_struct"

* 'per_signal_struct_coredumps-for-v5.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace:
coredump: Limit coredumps to a single thread group
coredump: Don't perform any cleanups before dumping core
exit: Factor coredump_exit_mm out of exit_mm
exec: Check for a pending fatal signal instead of core_state
ptrace: Remove the unnecessary arguments from arch_ptrace_stop
signal: Remove the bogus sigkill_pending in ptrace_stop

coredump: Limit coredumps to a single thread group

2021-10-08T17:06:02+00:00

Today when a signal is delivered with a handler of SIG_DFL whose
default behavior is to generate a core dump not only that process but
every process that shares the mm is killed.

In the case of vfork this looks like a real world problem.  Consider
the following well defined sequence.

	if (vfork() == 0) {
		execve(...);
		_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

If a signal that generates a core dump is received after vfork but
before the execve changes the mm the process that called vfork will
also be killed (as the mm is shared).

Similarly if the execve fails after the point of no return the kernel
delivers SIGSEGV which will kill both the exec'ing process and because
the mm is shared the process that called vfork as well.

As far as I can tell this behavior is a violation of people's
reasonable expectations, POSIX, and is unnecessarily fragile when the
system is low on memory.

Solve this by making a userspace visible change to only kill a single
process/thread group.  This is possible because Jann Horn recently
modified[1] the coredump code so that the mm can safely be modified
while the coredump is happening.  With LinuxThreads long gone I don't
expect anyone to have a notice this behavior change in practice.

To accomplish this move the core_state pointer from mm_struct to
signal_struct, which allows different thread groups to coredump
simultatenously.

In zap_threads remove the work to kill anything except for the current
thread group.

v2: Remove core_state from the VM_BUG_ON_MM print to fix
    compile failure when CONFIG_DEBUG_VM is enabled.
    Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell 

[1] a07279c9a8cd ("binfmt_elf, binfmt_elf_fdpic: use a VMA list snapshot")
Fixes: d89f3847def4 ("[PATCH] thread-aware coredumps, 2.5.43-C3")
History-tree: git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tglx/history.git
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/87y27mvnke.fsf@disp2133
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211007144701.67592574@canb.auug.org.au
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook 
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman"

elf: don't use MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE for elf interpreter mappings

2021-10-03T21:02:58+00:00

In commit b212921b13bd ("elf: don't use MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE for elf
executable mappings") we still leave MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE in place for
load_elf_interp.

Unfortunately, this will cause kernel to fail to start with:

    1 (init): Uhuuh, elf segment at 00003ffff7ffd000 requested but the memory is mapped already
    Failed to execute /init (error -17)

The reason is that the elf interpreter (ld.so) has overlapping segments.

  readelf -l ld-2.31.so
  Program Headers:
    Type           Offset             VirtAddr           PhysAddr
                   FileSiz            MemSiz              Flags  Align
    LOAD           0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
                   0x000000000002c94c 0x000000000002c94c  R E    0x10000
    LOAD           0x000000000002dae0 0x000000000003dae0 0x000000000003dae0
                   0x00000000000021e8 0x0000000000002320  RW     0x10000
    LOAD           0x000000000002fe00 0x000000000003fe00 0x000000000003fe00
                   0x00000000000011ac 0x0000000000001328  RW     0x10000

The reason for this problem is the same as described in commit
ad55eac74f20 ("elf: enforce MAP_FIXED on overlaying elf segments").

Not only executable binaries, elf interpreters (e.g. ld.so) can have
overlapping elf segments, so we better drop MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE and go
back to MAP_FIXED in load_elf_interp.

Fixes: 4ed28639519c ("fs, elf: drop MAP_FIXED usage from elf_map")
Cc:  # v4.19
Cc: Andrew Morton 
Cc: Michal Hocko 
Signed-off-by: Chen Jingwen 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

binfmt: remove in-tree usage of MAP_DENYWRITE

2021-09-03T16:42:01+00:00

At exec time when we mmap the new executable via MAP_DENYWRITE we have it
opened via do_open_execat() and already deny_write_access()'ed the file
successfully. Once exec completes, we allow_write_acces(); however,
we set mm->exe_file in begin_new_exec() via set_mm_exe_file() and
also deny_write_access() as long as mm->exe_file remains set. We'll
effectively deny write access to our executable via mm->exe_file
until mm->exe_file is changed -- when the process is removed, on new
exec, or via sys_prctl(PR_SET_MM_MAP/EXE_FILE).

Let's remove all usage of MAP_DENYWRITE, it's no longer necessary for
mm->exe_file.

In case of an elf interpreter, we'll now only deny write access to the file
during exec. This is somewhat okay, because the interpreter behaves
(and sometime is) a shared library; all shared libraries, especially the
ones loaded directly in user space like via dlopen() won't ever be mapped
via MAP_DENYWRITE, because we ignore that from user space completely;
these shared libraries can always be modified while mapped and executed.
Let's only special-case the main executable, denying write access while
being executed by a process. This can be considered a minor user space
visible change.

While this is a cleanup, it also fixes part of a problem reported with
VM_DENYWRITE on overlayfs, as VM_DENYWRITE is effectively unused with
this patch and will be removed next:
  "Overlayfs did not honor positive i_writecount on realfile for
   VM_DENYWRITE mappings." [1]

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/r/YNHXzBgzRrZu1MrD@miu.piliscsaba.redhat.com/

Reported-by: Chengguang Xu 
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" 
Acked-by: Christian König 
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand

binfmt: don't use MAP_DENYWRITE when loading shared libraries via uselib()

2021-09-03T16:42:01+00:00

uselib() is the legacy systemcall for loading shared libraries.
Nowadays, applications use dlopen() to load shared libraries, completely
implemented in user space via mmap().

For example, glibc uses MAP_COPY to mmap shared libraries. While this
maps to MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_DENYWRITE on Linux, Linux ignores any
MAP_DENYWRITE specification from user space in mmap.

With this change, all remaining in-tree users of MAP_DENYWRITE use it
to map an executable. We will be able to open shared libraries loaded
via uselib() writable, just as we already can via dlopen() from user
space.

This is one step into the direction of removing MAP_DENYWRITE from the
kernel. This can be considered a minor user space visible change.

Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" 
Acked-by: Christian König 
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand

Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)

2021-06-30T00:29:11+00:00

Merge misc updates from Andrew Morton:
 "191 patches.

  Subsystems affected by this patch series: kthread, ia64, scripts,
  ntfs, squashfs, ocfs2, kernel/watchdog, and mm (gup, pagealloc, slab,
  slub, kmemleak, dax, debug, pagecache, gup, swap, memcg, pagemap,
  mprotect, bootmem, dma, tracing, vmalloc, kasan, initialization,
  pagealloc, and memory-failure)"

* emailed patches from Andrew Morton : (191 commits)
  mm,hwpoison: make get_hwpoison_page() call get_any_page()
  mm,hwpoison: send SIGBUS with error virutal address
  mm/page_alloc: split pcp->high across all online CPUs for cpuless nodes
  mm/page_alloc: allow high-order pages to be stored on the per-cpu lists
  mm: replace CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP with CONFIG_FLATMEM
  mm: replace CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES with CONFIG_NUMA
  docs: remove description of DISCONTIGMEM
  arch, mm: remove stale mentions of DISCONIGMEM
  mm: remove CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM
  m68k: remove support for DISCONTIGMEM
  arc: remove support for DISCONTIGMEM
  arc: update comment about HIGHMEM implementation
  alpha: remove DISCONTIGMEM and NUMA
  mm/page_alloc: move free_the_page
  mm/page_alloc: fix counting of managed_pages
  mm/page_alloc: improve memmap_pages dbg msg
  mm: drop SECTION_SHIFT in code comments
  mm/page_alloc: introduce vm.percpu_pagelist_high_fraction
  mm/page_alloc: limit the number of pages on PCP lists when reclaim is active
  mm/page_alloc: scale the number of pages that are batch freed
  ...

binfmt: remove in-tree usage of MAP_EXECUTABLE

2021-06-29T17:53:50+00:00

Ever since commit e9714acf8c43 ("mm: kill vma flag VM_EXECUTABLE and
mm->num_exe_file_vmas"), VM_EXECUTABLE is gone and MAP_EXECUTABLE is
essentially completely ignored.  Let's remove all usage of MAP_EXECUTABLE.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix blooper in fs/binfmt_aout.c. per David]

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210421093453.6904-3-david@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand 
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" 
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook 
Cc: Alexander Shishkin 
Cc: Alexander Viro 
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo 
Cc: Borislav Petkov 
Cc: Catalin Marinas 
Cc: Don Zickus 
Cc: Feng Tang 
Cc: Greg Ungerer 
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" 
Cc: Ingo Molnar 
Cc: Jiri Olsa 
Cc: Kevin Brodsky 
Cc: Mark Rutland 
Cc: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Mike Rapoport 
Cc: Namhyung Kim 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds