Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Signed-off-by: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>

Trivial fix to spelling mistake in ubi_err error message

Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@free-electrons.com>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>

In build.c, the following pr_err calls should be terminated with
a new-line to avoid other messages being concatenated onto the end.

Signed-off-by: Ben Dooks <ben.dooks@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>

In ubi_attach_mtd_dev() the pr_err() calls should have their
messgaes terminated with a new-line to avoid other messages
being concatenated onto the end.

Signed-off-by: Ben Dooks <ben.dooks@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>

The ubi_init() function has a few error paths that use the
pr_err() to output errors. These should have new lines on
them as pr_err() does not automatically do this.

This fixes issues where if multiple mtd fail to bind to
ubi the console output starts wrapping around.

Signed-off-by: Ben Dooks <ben.dooks@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>

Pull driver core updates from Greg KH:
 "Here is the big driver core update for 4.13-rc1.

  The large majority of this is a lot of cleanup of old fields in the
  driver core structures and their remaining usages in random drivers.
  All of those fixes have been reviewed by the various subsystem
  maintainers. There's also some small firmware updates in here, a new
  kobject uevent api interface that makes userspace interaction easier,
  and a few other minor things.

  All of these have been in linux-next for a long while with no reported
  issues"

* tag 'driver-core-4.13-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core: (56 commits)
  arm: mach-rpc: ecard: fix build error
  zram: convert remaining CLASS_ATTR() to CLASS_ATTR_RO()
  driver-core: remove struct bus_type.dev_attrs
  powerpc: vio_cmo: use dev_groups and not dev_attrs for bus_type
  powerpc: vio: use dev_groups and not dev_attrs for bus_type
  USB: usbip: convert to use DRIVER_ATTR_RW
  s390: drivers: convert to use DRIVER_ATTR_RO/WO
  platform: thinkpad_acpi: convert to use DRIVER_ATTR_RO/RW
  pcmcia: ds: convert to use DRIVER_ATTR_RO
  wireless: ipw2x00: convert to use DRIVER_ATTR_RW
  net: ehea: convert to use DRIVER_ATTR_RO
  net: caif: convert to use DRIVER_ATTR_RO
  TTY: hvc: convert to use DRIVER_ATTR_RW
  PCI: pci-driver: convert to use DRIVER_ATTR_WO
  IB: nes: convert to use DRIVER_ATTR_RW
  HID: hid-core: convert to use DRIVER_ATTR_RO and drv_groups
  arm: ecard: fix dev_groups patch typo
  tty: serdev: use dev_groups and not dev_attrs for bus_type
  sparc: vio: use dev_groups and not dev_attrs for bus_type
  hid: intel-ish-hid: use dev_groups and not dev_attrs for bus_type
  ...

Use the same values for use for request completion errors as the return
value from ->queue_rq.  BLK_STS_RESOURCE is special cased to cause
a requeue, and all the others are completed as-is.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Currently we use nornal Linux errno values in the block layer, and while
we accept any error a few have overloaded magic meanings.  This patch
instead introduces a new  blk_status_t value that holds block layer specific
status codes and explicitly explains their meaning.  Helpers to convert from
and to the previous special meanings are provided for now, but I suspect
we want to get rid of them in the long run - those drivers that have a
errno input (e.g. networking) usually get errnos that don't know about
the special block layer overloads, and similarly returning them to userspace
will usually return somethings that strictly speaking isn't correct
for file system operations, but that's left as an exercise for later.

For now the set of errors is a very limited set that closely corresponds
to the previous overloaded errno values, but there is some low hanging
fruite to improve it.

blk_status_t (ab)uses the sparse __bitwise annotations to allow for sparse
typechecking, so that we can easily catch places passing the wrong values.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

The class_attrs pointer is long depreciated, and is about to be finally
removed, so move to use the class_groups pointer instead.

Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind1@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Cc: Brian Norris <computersforpeace@gmail.com>
Cc: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Marek Vasut <marek.vasut@gmail.com>
Cc: Cyrille Pitchen <cyrille.pitchen@wedev4u.fr>
Cc: <linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>