linux.git/arch/x86/boot, branch v5.9

x86/boot/compressed: Disable relocation relaxation

2020-09-14T09:14:45+00:00

The x86-64 psABI [0] specifies special relocation types
(R_X86_64_[REX_]GOTPCRELX) for indirection through the Global Offset
Table, semantically equivalent to R_X86_64_GOTPCREL, which the linker
can take advantage of for optimization (relaxation) at link time. This
is supported by LLD and binutils versions 2.26 onwards.

The compressed kernel is position-independent code, however, when using
LLD or binutils versions before 2.27, it must be linked without the -pie
option. In this case, the linker may optimize certain instructions into
a non-position-independent form, by converting foo@GOTPCREL(%rip) to $foo.

This potential issue has been present with LLD and binutils-2.26 for a
long time, but it has never manifested itself before now:

- LLD and binutils-2.26 only relax
	movq	foo@GOTPCREL(%rip), %reg
  to
	leaq	foo(%rip), %reg
  which is still position-independent, rather than
	mov	$foo, %reg
  which is permitted by the psABI when -pie is not enabled.

- GCC happens to only generate GOTPCREL relocations on mov instructions.

- CLang does generate GOTPCREL relocations on non-mov instructions, but
  when building the compressed kernel, it uses its integrated assembler
  (due to the redefinition of KBUILD_CFLAGS dropping -no-integrated-as),
  which has so far defaulted to not generating the GOTPCRELX
  relocations.

Nick Desaulniers reports [1,2]:

  "A recent change [3] to a default value of configuration variable
   (ENABLE_X86_RELAX_RELOCATIONS OFF -> ON) in LLVM now causes Clang's
   integrated assembler to emit R_X86_64_GOTPCRELX/R_X86_64_REX_GOTPCRELX
   relocations. LLD will relax instructions with these relocations based
   on whether the image is being linked as position independent or not.
   When not, then LLD will relax these instructions to use absolute
   addressing mode (R_RELAX_GOT_PC_NOPIC). This causes kernels built with
   Clang and linked with LLD to fail to boot."

Patch series [4] is a solution to allow the compressed kernel to be
linked with -pie unconditionally, but even if merged is unlikely to be
backported. As a simple solution that can be applied to stable as well,
prevent the assembler from generating the relaxed relocation types using
the -mrelax-relocations=no option. For ease of backporting, do this
unconditionally.

[0] https://gitlab.com/x86-psABIs/x86-64-ABI/-/blob/master/x86-64-ABI/linker-optimization.tex#L65
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200807194100.3570838-1-ndesaulniers@google.com/
[2] https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1121
[3] https://reviews.llvm.org/rGc41a18cf61790fc898dcda1055c3efbf442c14c0
[4] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200731202738.2577854-1-nivedita@alum.mit.edu/

Reported-by: Nick Desaulniers 
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar 
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
Tested-by: Nick Desaulniers 
Tested-by: Sedat Dilek 
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel 
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers 
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200812004308.1448603-1-nivedita@alum.mit.edu

treewide: Use fallthrough pseudo-keyword

2020-08-23T22:36:59+00:00

Replace the existing /* fall through */ comments and its variants with
the new pseudo-keyword macro fallthrough[1]. Also, remove unnecessary
fall-through markings when it is the case.

[1] https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.7/process/deprecated.html?highlight=fallthrough#implicit-switch-case-fall-through

Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva

x86/boot/compressed: Use builtin mem functions for decompressor

2020-08-19T18:23:45+00:00

Since commits

c041b5ad8640 ("x86, boot: Create a separate string.h file to provide standard string functions")
fb4cac573ef6 ("x86, boot: Move memcmp() into string.h and string.c")

the decompressor stub has been using the compiler's builtin memcpy,
memset and memcmp functions, _except_ where it would likely have the
largest impact, in the decompression code itself.

Remove the #undef's of memcpy and memset in misc.c so that the
decompressor code also uses the compiler builtins.

The rationale given in the comment doesn't really apply: just because
some functions use the out-of-line version is no reason to not use the
builtin version in the rest.

Replace the comment with an explanation of why memzero and memmove are
being #define'd.

Drop the suggestion to #undef in boot/string.h as well: the out-of-line
versions are not really optimized versions, they're generic code that's
good enough for the preboot environment. The compiler will likely
generate better code for constant-size memcpy/memset/memcmp if it is
allowed to.

Most decompressors' performance is unchanged, with the exception of LZ4
and 64-bit ZSTD.

Before After ARCH
LZ4 73ms 10ms 32
LZ4 120ms 10ms 64
ZSTD 90ms 74ms 64

Measurements on QEMU on 2.2GHz Broadwell Xeon, using defconfig kernels.

Decompressor code size has small differences, with the largest being
that 64-bit ZSTD decreases just over 2k. The largest code size increase
was on 64-bit XZ, of about 400 bytes.

Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar
Suggested-by: Nick Terrell
Tested-by: Nick Terrell
Acked-by: Kees Cook
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

Merge tag 'kbuild-v5.9' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild

2020-08-09T21:10:26+00:00

Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:

 - run the checker (e.g. sparse) after the compiler

 - remove unneeded cc-option tests for old compiler flags

 - fix tar-pkg to install dtbs

 - introduce ccflags-remove-y and asflags-remove-y syntax

 - allow to trace functions in sub-directories of lib/

 - introduce hostprogs-always-y and userprogs-always-y syntax

 - various Makefile cleanups

* tag 'kbuild-v5.9' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild:
  kbuild: stop filtering out $(GCC_PLUGINS_CFLAGS) from cc-option base
  kbuild: include scripts/Makefile.* only when relevant CONFIG is enabled
  kbuild: introduce hostprogs-always-y and userprogs-always-y
  kbuild: sort hostprogs before passing it to ifneq
  kbuild: move host .so build rules to scripts/gcc-plugins/Makefile
  kbuild: Replace HTTP links with HTTPS ones
  kbuild: trace functions in subdirectories of lib/
  kbuild: introduce ccflags-remove-y and asflags-remove-y
  kbuild: do not export LDFLAGS_vmlinux
  kbuild: always create directories of targets
  powerpc/boot: add DTB to 'targets'
  kbuild: buildtar: add dtbs support
  kbuild: remove cc-option test of -ffreestanding
  kbuild: remove cc-option test of -fno-stack-protector
  Revert "kbuild: Create directory for target DTB"
  kbuild: run the checker after the compiler

x86: Add support for ZSTD compressed kernel

2020-07-31T09:49:09+00:00

- Add support for zstd compressed kernel

- Define __DISABLE_EXPORTS in Makefile

- Remove __DISABLE_EXPORTS definition from kaslr.c

- Bump the heap size for zstd.

- Update the documentation.

Integrates the ZSTD decompression code to the x86 pre-boot code.

Zstandard requires slightly more memory during the kernel decompression
on x86 (192 KB vs 64 KB), and the memory usage is independent of the
window size.

__DISABLE_EXPORTS is now defined in the Makefile, which covers both
the existing use in kaslr.c, and the use needed by the zstd decompressor
in misc.c.

This patch has been boot tested with both a zstd and gzip compressed
kernel on i386 and x86_64 using buildroot and QEMU.

Additionally, this has been tested in production on x86_64 devices.
We saw a 2 second boot time reduction by switching kernel compression
from xz to zstd.

Signed-off-by: Nick Terrell 
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
Tested-by: Sedat Dilek 
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook 
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200730190841.2071656-7-nickrterrell@gmail.com

x86: Bump ZO_z_extra_bytes margin for zstd

2020-07-31T09:49:08+00:00

Bump the ZO_z_extra_bytes margin for zstd.

Zstd needs 3 bytes per 128 KB, and has a 22 byte fixed overhead.
Zstd needs to maintain 128 KB of space at all times, since that is
the maximum block size. See the comments regarding in-place
decompression added in lib/decompress_unzstd.c for details.

The existing code is written so that all the compression algorithms use
the same ZO_z_extra_bytes. It is taken to be the maximum of the growth
rate plus the maximum fixed overhead. The comments just above this diff
state that:

Signed-off-by: Nick Terrell 
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
Tested-by: Sedat Dilek 
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook 
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200730190841.2071656-6-nickrterrell@gmail.com

Merge tag 'x86-urgent-2020-07-19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip into master

2020-07-19T19:16:09+00:00

Pull x86 fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
 "A pile of fixes for x86:

   - Fix the I/O bitmap invalidation on XEN PV, which was overlooked in
     the recent ioperm/iopl rework. This caused the TSS and XEN's I/O
     bitmap to get out of sync.

   - Use the proper vectors for HYPERV.

   - Make disabling of stack protector for the entry code work with GCC
     builds which enable stack protector by default. Removing the option
     is not sufficient, it needs an explicit -fno-stack-protector to
     shut it off.

   - Mark check_user_regs() noinstr as it is called from noinstr code.
     The missing annotation causes it to be placed in the text section
     which makes it instrumentable.

   - Add the missing interrupt disable in exc_alignment_check()

   - Fixup a XEN_PV build dependency in the 32bit entry code

   - A few fixes to make the Clang integrated assembler happy

   - Move EFI stub build to the right place for out of tree builds

   - Make prepare_exit_to_usermode() static. It's not longer called from
     ASM code"

* tag 'x86-urgent-2020-07-19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/boot: Don't add the EFI stub to targets
  x86/entry: Actually disable stack protector
  x86/ioperm: Fix io bitmap invalidation on Xen PV
  x86: math-emu: Fix up 'cmp' insn for clang ias
  x86/entry: Fix vectors to IDTENTRY_SYSVEC for CONFIG_HYPERV
  x86/entry: Add compatibility with IAS
  x86/entry/common: Make prepare_exit_to_usermode() static
  x86/entry: Mark check_user_regs() noinstr
  x86/traps: Disable interrupts in exc_aligment_check()
  x86/entry/32: Fix XEN_PV build dependency

x86/boot: Don't add the EFI stub to targets

2020-07-19T11:07:11+00:00

vmlinux-objs-y is added to targets, which currently means that the EFI
stub gets added to the targets as well. It shouldn't be added since it
is built elsewhere.

This confuses Makefile.build which interprets the EFI stub as a target
	$(obj)/$(objtree)/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/lib.a
and will create drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/ underneath
arch/x86/boot/compressed, to hold this supposed target, if building
out-of-tree. [0]

Fix this by pulling the stub out of vmlinux-objs-y into efi-obj-y.

[0] See scripts/Makefile.build near the end:
    # Create directories for object files if they do not exist

Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar 
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner 
Reviewed-by: Masahiro Yamada 
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel 
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200715032631.1562882-1-nivedita@alum.mit.edu

kbuild: remove cc-option test of -ffreestanding

2020-07-07T02:13:10+00:00

Some Makefiles already pass -ffreestanding unconditionally.
For example, arch/arm64/lib/Makefile, arch/x86/purgatory/Makefile.

No problem report so far about hard-coding this option. So, we can
assume all supported compilers know -ffreestanding.

I confirmed GCC 4.8 and Clang manuals document this option.

Get rid of cc-option from -ffreestanding.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada 
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers 
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook 
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel

kbuild: remove cc-option test of -fno-stack-protector

2020-07-07T02:13:10+00:00

Some Makefiles already pass -fno-stack-protector unconditionally.
For example, arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/Makefile, arch/x86/xen/Makefile.

No problem report so far about hard-coding this option. So, we can
assume all supported compilers know -fno-stack-protector.

GCC 4.8 and Clang support this option (https://godbolt.org/z/_HDGzN)

Get rid of cc-option from -fno-stack-protector.

Remove CONFIG_CC_HAS_STACKPROTECTOR_NONE, which is always 'y'.

Note:
arch/mips/vdso/Makefile adds -fno-stack-protector twice, first
unconditionally, and second conditionally. I removed the second one.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada 
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook 
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel 
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers