With ppc64 -mprofile-kernel and ppc32 -pg, profiling instructions to
call into ftrace are emitted right at function entry. The instruction
sequence used is minimal to reduce overhead. Crucially, a stackframe is
not created for the function being traced. This breaks stack unwinding
since the function being traced does not have a stackframe for itself.
As such, it never shows up in the backtrace:
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing # echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/stack_tracer_enabled
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing # cat stack_trace
Depth Size Location (17 entries)
----- ---- --------
0) 4144 32 ftrace_call+0x4/0x44
1) 4112 432 get_page_from_freelist+0x26c/0x1ad0
2) 3680 496 __alloc_pages+0x290/0x1280
3) 3184 336 __folio_alloc+0x34/0x90
4) 2848 176 vma_alloc_folio+0xd8/0x540
5) 2672 272 __handle_mm_fault+0x700/0x1cc0
6) 2400 208 handle_mm_fault+0xf0/0x3f0
7) 2192 80 ___do_page_fault+0x3e4/0xbe0
8) 2112 160 do_page_fault+0x30/0xc0
9) 1952 256 data_access_common_virt+0x210/0x220
10) 1696 400 0xc00000000f16b100
11) 1296 384 load_elf_binary+0x804/0x1b80
12) 912 208 bprm_execve+0x2d8/0x7e0
13) 704 64 do_execveat_common+0x1d0/0x2f0
14) 640 160 sys_execve+0x54/0x70
15) 480 64 system_call_exception+0x138/0x350
16) 416 416 system_call_common+0x160/0x2c4
Fix this by having ftrace create a dummy stackframe for the function
being traced. With this, backtraces now capture the function being
traced:
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing # cat stack_trace
Depth Size Location (17 entries)
----- ---- --------
0) 3888 32 _raw_spin_trylock+0x8/0x70
1) 3856 576 get_page_from_freelist+0x26c/0x1ad0
2) 3280 64 __alloc_pages+0x290/0x1280
3) 3216 336 __folio_alloc+0x34/0x90
4) 2880 176 vma_alloc_folio+0xd8/0x540
5) 2704 416 __handle_mm_fault+0x700/0x1cc0
6) 2288 96 handle_mm_fault+0xf0/0x3f0
7) 2192 48 ___do_page_fault+0x3e4/0xbe0
8) 2144 192 do_page_fault+0x30/0xc0
9) 1952 608 data_access_common_virt+0x210/0x220
10) 1344 16 0xc0000000334bbb50
11) 1328 416 load_elf_binary+0x804/0x1b80
12) 912 64 bprm_execve+0x2d8/0x7e0
13) 848 176 do_execveat_common+0x1d0/0x2f0
14) 672 192 sys_execve+0x54/0x70
15) 480 64 system_call_exception+0x138/0x350
16) 416 416 system_call_common+0x160/0x2c4
This results in two additional stores in the ftrace entry code, but
produces reliable backtraces.
Fixes: 153086644fd1 ("powerpc/ftrace: Add support for -mprofile-kernel ftrace ABI")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Naveen N Rao <naveen@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://msgid.link/20230621051349.759567-1-naveen@kernel.org
PC-Relative or PCREL addressing is an extension to the ELF ABI which uses Power ISA v3.1 PC-relative instructions to calculate addresses, rather than the traditional TOC scheme. Add an option to build vmlinux using pcrel addressing. Modules continue to use TOC addressing. - TOC address helpers and r2 are poisoned with -1 when running vmlinux. r2 could be used for something useful once things are ironed out. - Assembly must call C functions with @notoc annotation, or the linker complains aobut a missing nop after the call. This is done with the CFUNC macro introduced earlier. - Boot: with the exception of prom_init, the execution branches to the kernel virtual address early in boot, before any addresses are generated, which ensures 34-bit pcrel addressing does not miss the high PAGE_OFFSET bits. TOC relative addressing has a similar requirement. prom_init does not go to the virtual address and its addresses should not carry over to the post-prom kernel. - Ftrace trampolines are converted from TOC addressing to pcrel addressing, including module ftrace trampolines that currently use the kernel TOC to find ftrace target functions. - BPF function prologue and function calling generation are converted from TOC to pcrel. - copypage_64.S has an interesting problem, prefixed instructions have alignment restrictions so the linker can add padding, which makes the assembler treat the difference between two local labels as non-constant even if alignment is arranged so padding is not required. This may need toolchain help to solve nicely, for now move the prefix instruction out of the alternate patch section to work around it. This reduces kernel text size by about 6%. Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Link: https://msgid.link/20230408021752.862660-6-npiggin@gmail.com
Add an option to build kernel and module with prefixed instructions if the CPU and toolchain support it. This is not related to kernel support for userspace execution of prefixed instructions. Building with prefixed instructions breaks some extended inline asm memory addressing, for example it will provide immediates that exceed the range of simple load/store displacement. Whether this is a toolchain or a kernel asm problem remains to be seen. For now, these are replaced with simpler and less efficient direct register addressing when compiling with prefixed. Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Link: https://msgid.link/20230408021752.862660-4-npiggin@gmail.com
Exclude various incompatible compilation units from KCSAN instrumentation. Signed-off-by: Rohan McLure <rmclure@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230206021801.105268-2-rmclure@linux.ibm.com
This is a common offset that currently uses the overloaded STACK_FRAME_OVERHEAD constant. It's easier to read and more flexible to use a specific regs offset for this. Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221127124942.1665522-8-npiggin@gmail.com
A later change stops the kernel using r2 and loads it with a poison value. Provide a PACATOC loading abstraction which can hide this detail. Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220926034057.2360083-5-npiggin@gmail.com
Use helper macros to access global variables, and place them in .data sections rather than in .toc. Putting addresses in TOC is not required because the kernel is linked with a single TOC. Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220926034057.2360083-3-npiggin@gmail.com
Clang doesn't support -mprofile-kernel ABI, so guard the checks against
CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS, rather than the elf ABI version.
Fixes: 23b44fc248f4 ("powerpc/ftrace: Make __ftrace_make_{nop/call}() common to PPC32 and PPC64")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v5.19+
Reported-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reported-by: Ondrej Mosnacek <omosnacek@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Ondrej Mosnacek <omosnacek@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/57031
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1682
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220809095907.418764-1-naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Since commit 87c78b612f4f ("powerpc: Fix all occurences of "the the"")
fixed "the the", there's now a steady stream of patches fixing other
duplicate words.
Just fix them all at once, to save the overhead of dealing with
individual patches for each case.
This leaves a few cases of "that that", which in some contexts is
correct.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220718095158.326606-1-mpe@ellerman.id.au
The ppc_inst_as_str() macro tries to make printing variable length,
aka "prefixed", instructions convenient. It mostly succeeds, but it does
hide an on-stack buffer, which triggers stack protector.
More problematically it doesn't compile at all with GCC 12,
with -Wdangling-pointer, due to the fact that it returns the char buffer
declared inside the macro:
arch/powerpc/kernel/trace/ftrace.c: In function '__ftrace_modify_call':
./include/linux/printk.h:475:44: error: using a dangling pointer to '__str' [-Werror=dangling-pointer=]
475 | #define printk(fmt, ...) printk_index_wrap(_printk, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
...
arch/powerpc/kernel/trace/ftrace.c:567:17: note: in expansion of macro 'pr_err'
567 | pr_err("Not expected bl: opcode is %s\n", ppc_inst_as_str(op));
| ^~~~~~
./arch/powerpc/include/asm/inst.h:156:14: note: '__str' declared here
156 | char __str[PPC_INST_STR_LEN]; \
| ^~~~~
This could be fixed by having the caller declare the buffer, but in some
places there'd need to be two buffers. In all cases where
ppc_inst_as_str() is used the output is not really meant for user
consumption, it's almost always indicative of a kernel bug.
A simpler solution is to just print the value as an unsigned long. For
normal instructions the output is identical. For prefixed instructions
the value is printed as a single 64-bit quantity, whereas previously the
low half was printed first. But that is good enough for debug output,
especially as prefixed instructions will be rare in kernel code in
practice.
Old:
c000000000111170 60420000 ori r2,r2,0
c000000000111174 04100001 e580fb00 .long 0xe580fb0004100001
New:
c00000000010f90c 60420000 ori r2,r2,0
c00000000010f910 e580fb0004100001 .long 0xe580fb0004100001
Reported-by: Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Tested-by: Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220531065936.3674348-1-mpe@ellerman.id.au