linux.git/arch/ia64/kernel/head.S, branch master

arch: Remove Itanium (IA-64) architecture

2023-09-11T08:13:17+00:00

The Itanium architecture is obsolete, and an informal survey [0] reveals
that any residual use of Itanium hardware in production is mostly HP-UX
or OpenVMS based. The use of Linux on Itanium appears to be limited to
enthusiasts that occasionally boot a fresh Linux kernel to see whether
things are still working as intended, and perhaps to churn out some
distro packages that are rarely used in practice.

None of the original companies behind Itanium still produce or support
any hardware or software for the architecture, and it is listed as
'Orphaned' in the MAINTAINERS file, as apparently, none of the engineers
that contributed on behalf of those companies (nor anyone else, for that
matter) have been willing to support or maintain the architecture
upstream or even be responsible for applying the odd fix. The Intel
firmware team removed all IA-64 support from the Tianocore/EDK2
reference implementation of EFI in 2018. (Itanium is the original
architecture for which EFI was developed, and the way Linux supports it
deviates significantly from other architectures.) Some distros, such as
Debian and Gentoo, still maintain [unofficial] ia64 ports, but many have
dropped support years ago.

While the argument is being made [1] that there is a 'for the common
good' angle to being able to build and run existing projects such as the
Grid Community Toolkit [2] on Itanium for interoperability testing, the
fact remains that none of those projects are known to be deployed on
Linux/ia64, and very few people actually have access to such a system in
the first place. Even if there were ways imaginable in which Linux/ia64
could be put to good use today, what matters is whether anyone is
actually doing that, and this does not appear to be the case.

There are no emulators widely available, and so boot testing Itanium is
generally infeasible for ordinary contributors. GCC still supports IA-64
but its compile farm [3] no longer has any IA-64 machines. GLIBC would
like to get rid of IA-64 [4] too because it would permit some overdue
code cleanups. In summary, the benefits to the ecosystem of having IA-64
be part of it are mostly theoretical, whereas the maintenance overhead
of keeping it supported is real.

So let's rip off the band aid, and remove the IA-64 arch code entirely.
This follows the timeline proposed by the Debian/ia64 maintainer [5],
which removes support in a controlled manner, leaving IA-64 in a known
good state in the most recent LTS release. Other projects will follow
once the kernel support is removed.

[0] https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAMj1kXFCMh_578jniKpUtx_j8ByHnt=s7S+yQ+vGbKt9ud7+kQ@mail.gmail.com/
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/0075883c-7c51-00f5-2c2d-5119c1820410@web.de/
[2] https://gridcf.org/gct-docs/latest/index.html
[3] https://cfarm.tetaneutral.net/machines/list/
[4] https://lore.kernel.org/all/87bkiilpc4.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de/
[5] https://lore.kernel.org/all/ff58a3e76e5102c94bb5946d99187b358def688a.camel@physik.fu-berlin.de/

Acked-by: Tony Luck 
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel

ia64: replace #include with #include

2023-08-22T09:12:46+00:00

Commit ddb5cdbafaaa ("kbuild: generate KSYMTAB entries by modpost")
deprecated , which is now a wrapper of .

Replace #include  with #include .

After all the  lines are converted,  and
 will be removed.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada

ia64,export.h: replace EXPORT_DATA_SYMBOL* with EXPORT_SYMBOL*

2023-06-22T12:21:06+00:00

With the previous refactoring, you can always use EXPORT_SYMBOL*.

Replace two instances in ia64, then remove EXPORT_DATA_SYMBOL*.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada 
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers

ia64: drop unused IA64_FW_EMU ifdef

2021-04-30T18:20:35+00:00

It's a remnant of deleted hpsim emulation target removed in fc5bad037
("ia64: remove the hpsim platform").

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210323224009.240625-1-slyfox@gentoo.org
Signed-off-by: Sergei Trofimovich 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

arch/ia64/kernel/head.S: remove duplicate include

2021-04-30T18:20:34+00:00

'linux/pgtable.h' included in 'arch/ia64/kernel/head.S' is duplicated.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210303084549.179346-1-zhang.yunkai@zte.com.cn
Signed-off-by: Zhang Yunkai 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: reorder includes after introduction of linux/pgtable.h

2020-06-09T16:39:13+00:00

The replacement of  with  made the include
of the latter in the middle of asm includes.  Fix this up with the aid of
the below script and manual adjustments here and there.

	import sys
	import re

	if len(sys.argv) is not 3:
	    print "USAGE: %s  " % (sys.argv[0])
	    sys.exit(1)

	hdr_to_move="#include " % sys.argv[2]
	moved = False
	in_hdrs = False

	with open(sys.argv[1], "r") as f:
	    lines = f.readlines()
	    for _line in lines:
		line = _line.rstrip('
')
		if line == hdr_to_move:
		    continue
		if line.startswith("#include 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Cc: Arnd Bergmann 
Cc: Borislav Petkov 
Cc: Brian Cain 
Cc: Catalin Marinas 
Cc: Chris Zankel 
Cc: "David S. Miller" 
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven 
Cc: Greentime Hu 
Cc: Greg Ungerer 
Cc: Guan Xuetao 
Cc: Guo Ren 
Cc: Heiko Carstens 
Cc: Helge Deller 
Cc: Ingo Molnar 
Cc: Ley Foon Tan 
Cc: Mark Salter 
Cc: Matthew Wilcox 
Cc: Matt Turner 
Cc: Max Filippov 
Cc: Michael Ellerman 
Cc: Michal Simek 
Cc: Nick Hu 
Cc: Paul Walmsley 
Cc: Richard Weinberger 
Cc: Rich Felker 
Cc: Russell King 
Cc: Stafford Horne 
Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Tony Luck 
Cc: Vincent Chen 
Cc: Vineet Gupta 
Cc: Will Deacon 
Cc: Yoshinori Sato 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200514170327.31389-4-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: introduce include/linux/pgtable.h

2020-06-09T16:39:13+00:00

The include/linux/pgtable.h is going to be the home of generic page table
manipulation functions.

Start with moving asm-generic/pgtable.h to include/linux/pgtable.h and
make the latter include asm/pgtable.h.

Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Cc: Arnd Bergmann 
Cc: Borislav Petkov 
Cc: Brian Cain 
Cc: Catalin Marinas 
Cc: Chris Zankel 
Cc: "David S. Miller" 
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven 
Cc: Greentime Hu 
Cc: Greg Ungerer 
Cc: Guan Xuetao 
Cc: Guo Ren 
Cc: Heiko Carstens 
Cc: Helge Deller 
Cc: Ingo Molnar 
Cc: Ley Foon Tan 
Cc: Mark Salter 
Cc: Matthew Wilcox 
Cc: Matt Turner 
Cc: Max Filippov 
Cc: Michael Ellerman 
Cc: Michal Simek 
Cc: Nick Hu 
Cc: Paul Walmsley 
Cc: Richard Weinberger 
Cc: Rich Felker 
Cc: Russell King 
Cc: Stafford Horne 
Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Tony Luck 
Cc: Vincent Chen 
Cc: Vineet Gupta 
Cc: Will Deacon 
Cc: Yoshinori Sato 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200514170327.31389-3-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

2017-11-02T10:10:55+00:00

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart 
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne 
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

ia64: Convert vtime to use nsec units directly

2017-02-01T08:14:02+00:00

There is no need anymore for this cputime_t midlayer. Let's use nsec
units directly.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker 
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt 
Cc: Fenghua Yu 
Cc: Heiko Carstens 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky 
Cc: Michael Ellerman 
Cc: Paul Mackerras 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Rik van Riel 
Cc: Stanislaw Gruszka 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Tony Luck 
Cc: Wanpeng Li 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1485832191-26889-30-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

ia64: move exports to definitions

2016-08-08T03:55:50+00:00

Here we have another kind of deviation from the default case -
a difference between exporting functions and non-functions.
EXPORT_DATA_SYMBOL... is really different from EXPORT_SYMBOL...
on ia64, and we need to use the right one when moving exports
from *.c where C compiler has the required information to
*.S, where we need to supply it manually.

parisc64 will be another one like that.

Tested-by: Tony Luck 
Signed-off-by: Al Viro