linux.git/arch/arm64/include/asm/assembler.h, branch v5.17 Linux kernel source tree arm64: Use the clearbhb instruction in mitigations 2022-02-24T14:02:44+00:00 James Morse james.morse@arm.com 2021-12-10T14:32:56+00:00 228a26b912287934789023b4132ba76065d9491c Future CPUs may implement a clearbhb instruction that is sufficient to mitigate SpectreBHB. CPUs that implement this instruction, but not CSV2.3 must be affected by Spectre-BHB. Add support to use this instruction as the BHB mitigation on CPUs that support it. The instruction is in the hint space, so it will be treated by a NOP as older CPUs. Reviewed-by: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk> Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> 
Future CPUs may implement a clearbhb instruction that is sufficient
to mitigate SpectreBHB. CPUs that implement this instruction, but
not CSV2.3 must be affected by Spectre-BHB.

Add support to use this instruction as the BHB mitigation on CPUs
that support it. The instruction is in the hint space, so it will
be treated by a NOP as older CPUs.

Reviewed-by: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
arm64: Mitigate spectre style branch history side channels 2022-02-24T13:58:52+00:00 James Morse james.morse@arm.com 2021-11-10T14:48:00+00:00 558c303c9734af5a813739cd284879227f7297d2 Speculation attacks against some high-performance processors can make use of branch history to influence future speculation. When taking an exception from user-space, a sequence of branches or a firmware call overwrites or invalidates the branch history. The sequence of branches is added to the vectors, and should appear before the first indirect branch. For systems using KPTI the sequence is added to the kpti trampoline where it has a free register as the exit from the trampoline is via a 'ret'. For systems not using KPTI, the same register tricks are used to free up a register in the vectors. For the firmware call, arch-workaround-3 clobbers 4 registers, so there is no choice but to save them to the EL1 stack. This only happens for entry from EL0, so if we take an exception due to the stack access, it will not become re-entrant. For KVM, the existing branch-predictor-hardening vectors are used. When a spectre version of these vectors is in use, the firmware call is sufficient to mitigate against Spectre-BHB. For the non-spectre versions, the sequence of branches is added to the indirect vector. Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> 
Speculation attacks against some high-performance processors can
make use of branch history to influence future speculation.
When taking an exception from user-space, a sequence of branches
or a firmware call overwrites or invalidates the branch history.

The sequence of branches is added to the vectors, and should appear
before the first indirect branch. For systems using KPTI the sequence
is added to the kpti trampoline where it has a free register as the exit
from the trampoline is via a 'ret'. For systems not using KPTI, the same
register tricks are used to free up a register in the vectors.

For the firmware call, arch-workaround-3 clobbers 4 registers, so
there is no choice but to save them to the EL1 stack. This only happens
for entry from EL0, so if we take an exception due to the stack access,
it will not become re-entrant.

For KVM, the existing branch-predictor-hardening vectors are used.
When a spectre version of these vectors is in use, the firmware call
is sufficient to mitigate against Spectre-BHB. For the non-spectre
versions, the sequence of branches is added to the indirect vector.

Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
arm64: entry: Add vectors that have the bhb mitigation sequences 2022-02-16T13:16:08+00:00 James Morse james.morse@arm.com 2021-11-18T13:59:46+00:00 ba2689234be92024e5635d30fe744f4853ad97db Some CPUs affected by Spectre-BHB need a sequence of branches, or a firmware call to be run before any indirect branch. This needs to go in the vectors. No CPU needs both. While this can be patched in, it would run on all CPUs as there is a single set of vectors. If only one part of a big/little combination is affected, the unaffected CPUs have to run the mitigation too. Create extra vectors that include the sequence. Subsequent patches will allow affected CPUs to select this set of vectors. Later patches will modify the loop count to match what the CPU requires. Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> 
Some CPUs affected by Spectre-BHB need a sequence of branches, or a
firmware call to be run before any indirect branch. This needs to go
in the vectors. No CPU needs both.

While this can be patched in, it would run on all CPUs as there is a
single set of vectors. If only one part of a big/little combination is
affected, the unaffected CPUs have to run the mitigation too.

Create extra vectors that include the sequence. Subsequent patches will
allow affected CPUs to select this set of vectors. Later patches will
modify the loop count to match what the CPU requires.

Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
arm64: Add macro version of the BTI instruction 2021-12-14T18:12:58+00:00 Mark Brown broonie@kernel.org 2021-12-14T15:27:12+00:00 9be34be87cc8d1afe3c3bc2e645b4dee512d9eda BTI is only available from v8.5 so we need to encode it using HINT in generic code and for older toolchains. Add an assembler macro based on one written by Mark Rutland which lets us use the mnemonic and update the existing users. Suggested-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211214152714.2380849-2-broonie@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> 
BTI is only available from v8.5 so we need to encode it using HINT in
generic code and for older toolchains. Add an assembler macro based on
one written by Mark Rutland which lets us use the mnemonic and update
the existing users.

Suggested-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211214152714.2380849-2-broonie@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Merge branch 'for-next/kexec' into for-next/core 2021-10-29T11:24:47+00:00 Will Deacon will@kernel.org 2021-10-29T11:24:47+00:00 d8a2c0fba530f318c32e60310bc9df79fa54a14d * for-next/kexec: arm64: trans_pgd: remove trans_pgd_map_page() arm64: kexec: remove cpu-reset.h arm64: kexec: remove the pre-kexec PoC maintenance arm64: kexec: keep MMU enabled during kexec relocation arm64: kexec: install a copy of the linear-map arm64: kexec: use ld script for relocation function arm64: kexec: relocate in EL1 mode arm64: kexec: configure EL2 vectors for kexec arm64: kexec: pass kimage as the only argument to relocation function arm64: kexec: Use dcache ops macros instead of open-coding arm64: kexec: skip relocation code for inplace kexec arm64: kexec: flush image and lists during kexec load time arm64: hibernate: abstract ttrb0 setup function arm64: trans_pgd: hibernate: Add trans_pgd_copy_el2_vectors arm64: kernel: add helper for booted at EL2 and not VHE 
* for-next/kexec:
  arm64: trans_pgd: remove trans_pgd_map_page()
  arm64: kexec: remove cpu-reset.h
  arm64: kexec: remove the pre-kexec PoC maintenance
  arm64: kexec: keep MMU enabled during kexec relocation
  arm64: kexec: install a copy of the linear-map
  arm64: kexec: use ld script for relocation function
  arm64: kexec: relocate in EL1 mode
  arm64: kexec: configure EL2 vectors for kexec
  arm64: kexec: pass kimage as the only argument to relocation function
  arm64: kexec: Use dcache ops macros instead of open-coding
  arm64: kexec: skip relocation code for inplace kexec
  arm64: kexec: flush image and lists during kexec load time
  arm64: hibernate: abstract ttrb0 setup function
  arm64: trans_pgd: hibernate: Add trans_pgd_copy_el2_vectors
  arm64: kernel: add helper for booted at EL2 and not VHE
arm64: extable: consolidate definitions 2021-10-21T09:45:22+00:00 Mark Rutland mark.rutland@arm.com 2021-10-19T16:02:13+00:00 819771cc289226e392d5d45f1d162b47ace4eff6 In subsequent patches we'll alter the structure and usage of struct exception_table_entry. For inline assembly, we create these using the `_ASM_EXTABLE()` CPP macro defined in <asm/uaccess.h>, and for plain assembly code we use the `_asm_extable()` GAS macro defined in <asm/assembler.h>, which are largely identical save for different escaping and stringification requirements. This patch moves the common definitions to a new <asm/asm-extable.h> header, so that it's easier to keep the two in-sync, and to remove the implication that these are only used for uaccess helpers (as e.g. load_unaligned_zeropad() is only used on kernel memory, and depends upon `_ASM_EXTABLE()`. At the same time, a few minor modifications are made for clarity and in preparation for subsequent patches: * The structure creation is factored out into an `__ASM_EXTABLE_RAW()` macro. This will make it easier to support different fixup variants in subsequent patches without needing to update all users of `_ASM_EXTABLE()`, and makes it easier to see tha the CPP and GAS variants of the macros are structurally identical. For the CPP macro, the stringification of fields is left to the wrapper macro, `_ASM_EXTABLE()`, as in subsequent patches it will be necessary to stringify fields in wrapper macros to safely concatenate strings which cannot be token-pasted together in CPP. * The fields of the structure are created separately on their own lines. This will make it easier to add/remove/modify individual fields clearly. * Additional parentheses are added around the use of macro arguments in field definitions to avoid any potential problems with evaluation due to operator precedence, and to make errors upon misuse clearer. * USER() is moved into <asm/asm-uaccess.h>, as it is not required by all assembly code, and is already refered to by comments in that file. There should be no functional change as a result of this patch. Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> Cc: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211019160219.5202-8-mark.rutland@arm.com Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> 
In subsequent patches we'll alter the structure and usage of struct
exception_table_entry. For inline assembly, we create these using the
`_ASM_EXTABLE()` CPP macro defined in <asm/uaccess.h>, and for plain
assembly code we use the `_asm_extable()` GAS macro defined in
<asm/assembler.h>, which are largely identical save for different
escaping and stringification requirements.

This patch moves the common definitions to a new <asm/asm-extable.h>
header, so that it's easier to keep the two in-sync, and to remove the
implication that these are only used for uaccess helpers (as e.g.
load_unaligned_zeropad() is only used on kernel memory, and depends upon
`_ASM_EXTABLE()`.

At the same time, a few minor modifications are made for clarity and in
preparation for subsequent patches:

* The structure creation is factored out into an `__ASM_EXTABLE_RAW()`
  macro. This will make it easier to support different fixup variants in
  subsequent patches without needing to update all users of
  `_ASM_EXTABLE()`, and makes it easier to see tha the CPP and GAS
  variants of the macros are structurally identical.

  For the CPP macro, the stringification of fields is left to the
  wrapper macro, `_ASM_EXTABLE()`, as in subsequent patches it will be
  necessary to stringify fields in wrapper macros to safely concatenate
  strings which cannot be token-pasted together in CPP.

* The fields of the structure are created separately on their own lines.
  This will make it easier to add/remove/modify individual fields
  clearly.

* Additional parentheses are added around the use of macro arguments in
  field definitions to avoid any potential problems with evaluation due
  to operator precedence, and to make errors upon misuse clearer.

* USER() is moved into <asm/asm-uaccess.h>, as it is not required by all
  assembly code, and is already refered to by comments in that file.

There should be no functional change as a result of this patch.

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211019160219.5202-8-mark.rutland@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
arm64: kexec: install a copy of the linear-map 2021-10-01T12:31:00+00:00 Pasha Tatashin pasha.tatashin@soleen.com 2021-09-30T14:31:09+00:00 3744b5280e67f54579abe92576deec0079242323 To perform the kexec relocation with the MMU enabled, we need a copy of the linear map. Create one, and install it from the relocation code. This has to be done from the assembly code as it will be idmapped with TTBR0. The kernel runs in TTRB1, so can't use the break-before-make sequence on the mapping it is executing from. The makes no difference yet as the relocation code runs with the MMU disabled. Suggested-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210930143113.1502553-12-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> 
To perform the kexec relocation with the MMU enabled, we need a copy
of the linear map.

Create one, and install it from the relocation code. This has to be done
from the assembly code as it will be idmapped with TTBR0. The kernel
runs in TTRB1, so can't use the break-before-make sequence on the mapping
it is executing from.

The makes no difference yet as the relocation code runs with the MMU
disabled.

Suggested-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210930143113.1502553-12-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
arm64: kexec: Use dcache ops macros instead of open-coding 2021-10-01T12:31:00+00:00 Pasha Tatashin pasha.tatashin@soleen.com 2021-09-30T14:31:04+00:00 3036ec599332cdfb406249270e50ad3f1a5c5940 kexec does dcache maintenance when it re-writes all memory. Our dcache_by_line_op macro depends on reading the sanitized DminLine from memory. Kexec may have overwritten this, so open-codes the sequence. dcache_by_line_op is a whole set of macros, it uses dcache_line_size which uses read_ctr for the sanitsed DminLine. Reading the DminLine is the first thing the dcache_by_line_op does. Rename dcache_by_line_op dcache_by_myline_op and take DminLine as an argument. Kexec can now use the slightly smaller macro. This makes up-coming changes to the dcache maintenance easier on the eye. Code generated by the existing callers is unchanged. Suggested-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210930143113.1502553-7-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> 
kexec does dcache maintenance when it re-writes all memory. Our
dcache_by_line_op macro depends on reading the sanitized DminLine
from memory. Kexec may have overwritten this, so open-codes the
sequence.

dcache_by_line_op is a whole set of macros, it uses dcache_line_size
which uses read_ctr for the sanitsed DminLine. Reading the DminLine
is the first thing the dcache_by_line_op does.

Rename dcache_by_line_op dcache_by_myline_op and take DminLine as
an argument. Kexec can now use the slightly smaller macro.

This makes up-coming changes to the dcache maintenance easier on
the eye.

Code generated by the existing callers is unchanged.

Suggested-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210930143113.1502553-7-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
arm64: Mitigate MTE issues with str{n}cmp() 2021-09-21T13:50:19+00:00 Robin Murphy robin.murphy@arm.com 2021-09-17T14:59:30+00:00 59a68d4138086c015ab8241c3267eec5550fbd44 As with strlen(), the patches importing the updated str{n}cmp() implementations were originally developed and tested before the advent of CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS, and have subsequently revealed not to be MTE-safe. Since in-kernel MTE is still a rather niche case, let it temporarily fall back to the generic C versions for correctness until we can figure out the best fix. Fixes: 758602c04409 ("arm64: Import latest version of Cortex Strings' strcmp") Fixes: 020b199bc70d ("arm64: Import latest version of Cortex Strings' strncmp") Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 5.14.x Reported-by: Branislav Rankov <branislav.rankov@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/34dc4d12eec0adae49b0ac927df642ed10089d40.1631890770.git.robin.murphy@arm.com Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> 
As with strlen(), the patches importing the updated str{n}cmp()
implementations were originally developed and tested before the
advent of CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS, and have subsequently revealed
not to be MTE-safe. Since in-kernel MTE is still a rather niche
case, let it temporarily fall back to the generic C versions for
correctness until we can figure out the best fix.

Fixes: 758602c04409 ("arm64: Import latest version of Cortex Strings' strcmp")
Fixes: 020b199bc70d ("arm64: Import latest version of Cortex Strings' strncmp")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 5.14.x
Reported-by: Branislav Rankov <branislav.rankov@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/34dc4d12eec0adae49b0ac927df642ed10089d40.1631890770.git.robin.murphy@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Merge branch 'for-next/caches' into for-next/core 2021-06-24T12:33:02+00:00 Will Deacon will@kernel.org 2021-06-24T12:33:02+00:00 25377204ebd4db2048c873b7c68874247a391998 Big cleanup of our cache maintenance routines, which were confusingly named and inconsistent in their implementations. * for-next/caches: arm64: Rename arm64-internal cache maintenance functions arm64: Fix cache maintenance function comments arm64: sync_icache_aliases to take end parameter instead of size arm64: __clean_dcache_area_pou to take end parameter instead of size arm64: __clean_dcache_area_pop to take end parameter instead of size arm64: __clean_dcache_area_poc to take end parameter instead of size arm64: __flush_dcache_area to take end parameter instead of size arm64: dcache_by_line_op to take end parameter instead of size arm64: __inval_dcache_area to take end parameter instead of size arm64: Fix comments to refer to correct function __flush_icache_range arm64: Move documentation of dcache_by_line_op arm64: assembler: remove user_alt arm64: Downgrade flush_icache_range to invalidate arm64: Do not enable uaccess for invalidate_icache_range arm64: Do not enable uaccess for flush_icache_range arm64: Apply errata to swsusp_arch_suspend_exit arm64: assembler: add conditional cache fixups arm64: assembler: replace `kaddr` with `addr` 
Big cleanup of our cache maintenance routines, which were confusingly
named and inconsistent in their implementations.

* for-next/caches:
  arm64: Rename arm64-internal cache maintenance functions
  arm64: Fix cache maintenance function comments
  arm64: sync_icache_aliases to take end parameter instead of size
  arm64: __clean_dcache_area_pou to take end parameter instead of size
  arm64: __clean_dcache_area_pop to take end parameter instead of size
  arm64: __clean_dcache_area_poc to take end parameter instead of size
  arm64: __flush_dcache_area to take end parameter instead of size
  arm64: dcache_by_line_op to take end parameter instead of size
  arm64: __inval_dcache_area to take end parameter instead of size
  arm64: Fix comments to refer to correct function __flush_icache_range
  arm64: Move documentation of dcache_by_line_op
  arm64: assembler: remove user_alt
  arm64: Downgrade flush_icache_range to invalidate
  arm64: Do not enable uaccess for invalidate_icache_range
  arm64: Do not enable uaccess for flush_icache_range
  arm64: Apply errata to swsusp_arch_suspend_exit
  arm64: assembler: add conditional cache fixups
  arm64: assembler: replace `kaddr` with `addr`