linux.git/arch/arm/include/asm/processor.h, branch v5.6

arm: use generic mmap top-down layout and brk randomization

2019-09-24T22:54:12+00:00

arm uses a top-down mmap layout by default that exactly fits the generic
functions, so get rid of arch specific code and use the generic version by
selecting ARCH_WANT_DEFAULT_TOPDOWN_MMAP_LAYOUT.

As ARCH_WANT_DEFAULT_TOPDOWN_MMAP_LAYOUT selects ARCH_HAS_ELF_RANDOMIZE,
use the generic version of arch_randomize_brk since it also fits.  Note
that this commit also removes the possibility for arm to have elf
randomization and no MMU: without MMU, the security added by randomization
is worth nothing.

Note that it is safe to remove STACK_RND_MASK since it matches the default
value.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190730055113.23635-9-alex@ghiti.fr
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Ghiti 
Acked-by: Kees Cook 
Reviewed-by: Luis Chamberlain 
Cc: Albert Ou 
Cc: Alexander Viro 
Cc: Catalin Marinas 
Cc: Christoph Hellwig 
Cc: Christoph Hellwig 
Cc: James Hogan 
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt 
Cc: Paul Burton 
Cc: Ralf Baechle 
Cc: Russell King 
Cc: Will Deacon 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 500

2019-06-19T15:09:55+00:00

Based on 2 normalized pattern(s):

  this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
  it under the terms of the gnu general public license version 2 as
  published by the free software foundation

  this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
  it under the terms of the gnu general public license version 2 as
  published by the free software foundation #

extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier

  GPL-2.0-only

has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 4122 file(s).

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner 
Reviewed-by: Enrico Weigelt 
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart 
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal 
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190604081206.933168790@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

ARM: 8853/1: drop WASM to work around LLVM issue

2019-04-23T16:20:53+00:00

Currently LLVM's integrated assembler does not recognize .w form
of the pld instructions (LLVM Bug 40972 [0]):

  ./arch/arm/include/asm/processor.h:133:5: error: invalid instruction
                          "pldw.wt%a0 n"
                           ^
  :2:1: note: instantiated into assembly here
  pldw.w  [r0]
  ^
  1 error generated.

The W macro for generating wide instructions when targeting Thumb-2
is not strictly required for the preload data instructions (pld, pldw)
since they are only available as wide instructions. The GNU assembler
works with or without the .w appended when compiling an Thumb-2 kernel.

Drop the macro to work around LLVM Bug 40972 issue.

[0] https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=40972

Signed-off-by: Stefan Agner 
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers 
Signed-off-by: Russell King

ARM: avoid Cortex-A9 livelock on tight dmb loops

2019-02-01T22:05:50+00:00

machine_crash_nonpanic_core() does this:

	while (1)
		cpu_relax();

because the kernel has crashed, and we have no known safe way to deal
with the CPU.  So, we place the CPU into an infinite loop which we
expect it to never exit - at least not until the system as a whole is
reset by some method.

In the absence of erratum 754327, this code assembles to:

	b	.

In other words, an infinite loop.  When erratum 754327 is enabled,
this becomes:

1:	dmb
	b	1b

It has been observed that on some systems (eg, OMAP4) where, if a
crash is triggered, the system tries to kexec into the panic kernel,
but fails after taking the secondary CPU down - placing it into one
of these loops.  This causes the system to livelock, and the most
noticable effect is the system stops after issuing:

	Loading crashdump kernel...

to the system console.

The tested as working solution I came up with was to add wfe() to
these infinite loops thusly:

	while (1) {
		cpu_relax();
		wfe();
	}

which, without 754327 builds to:

1:	wfe
	b	1b

or with 754327 is enabled:

1:	dmb
	wfe
	b	1b

Adding "wfe" does two things depending on the environment we're running
under:
- where we're running on bare metal, and the processor implements
  "wfe", it stops us spinning endlessly in a loop where we're never
  going to do any useful work.
- if we're running in a VM, it allows the CPU to be given back to the
  hypervisor and rescheduled for other purposes (maybe a different VM)
  rather than wasting CPU cycles inside a crashed VM.

However, in light of erratum 794072, Will Deacon wanted to see 10 nops
as well - which is reasonable to cover the case where we have erratum
754327 enabled _and_ we have a processor that doesn't implement the
wfe hint.

So, we now end up with:

1:      wfe
        b       1b

when erratum 754327 is disabled, or:

1:      dmb
        nop
        nop
        nop
        nop
        nop
        nop
        nop
        nop
        nop
        nop
        wfe
        b       1b

when erratum 754327 is enabled.  We also get the dmb + 10 nop
sequence elsewhere in the kernel, in terminating loops.

This is reasonable - it means we get the workaround for erratum
794072 when erratum 754327 is enabled, but still relinquish the dead
processor - either by placing it in a lower power mode when wfe is
implemented as such or by returning it to the hypervisior, or in the
case where wfe is a no-op, we use the workaround specified in erratum
794072 to avoid the problem.

These as two entirely orthogonal problems - the 10 nops addresses
erratum 794072, and the wfe is an optimisation that makes the system
more efficient when crashed either in terms of power consumption or
by allowing the host/other VMs to make use of the CPU.

I don't see any reason not to use kexec() inside a VM - it has the
potential to provide automated recovery from a failure of the VMs
kernel with the opportunity for saving a crashdump of the failure.
A panic() with a reboot timeout won't do that, and reading the
libvirt documentation, setting on_reboot to "preserve" won't either
(the documentation states "The preserve action for an on_reboot event
is treated as a destroy".)  Surely it has to be a good thing to
avoiding having CPUs spinning inside a VM that is doing no useful
work.

Acked-by: Will Deacon 
Signed-off-by: Russell King

treewide: remove current_text_addr

2018-10-31T15:54:12+00:00

Prefer _THIS_IP_ defined in linux/kernel.h.

Most definitions of current_text_addr were the same as _THIS_IP_, but
a few archs had inline assembly instead.

This patch removes the final call site of current_text_addr, making all
of the definitions dead code.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix arch/csky/include/asm/processor.h]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180911182413.180715-1-ndesaulniers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

arm: Implement thread_struct whitelist for hardened usercopy

2018-01-15T20:08:06+00:00

While ARM32 carries FPU state in the thread structure that is saved and
restored during signal handling, it doesn't need to declare a usercopy
whitelist, since existing accessors are all either using a bounce buffer
(for which whitelisting isn't checking the slab), are statically sized
(which will bypass the hardened usercopy check), or both.

Cc: Russell King 
Cc: Ingo Molnar 
Cc: Christian Borntraeger 
Cc: "Peter Zijlstra (Intel)" 
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook

ARM: start_thread(): don't always clear all regs

2017-09-10T23:31:46+00:00

The elf_fdpic binary format driver has to initialize extra registers
beside the stack and program counter as required by the corresponding
ABI. So reinstate them after the regs structure has been cleared.

While at it let's get rid of start_thread_nommu().

Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre 
Acked-by: Mickael GUENE 
Tested-by: Vincent Abriou 
Tested-by: Andras Szemzo

locking/core: Provide common cpu_relax_yield() definition

2016-11-17T07:17:36+00:00

No need to duplicate the same define everywhere. Since
the only user is stop-machine and the only provider is
s390, we can use a default implementation of cpu_relax_yield()
in sched.h.

Suggested-by: Russell King 
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger 
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand 
Acked-by: Russell King 
Cc: Andrew Morton 
Cc: Catalin Marinas 
Cc: Heiko Carstens 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky 
Cc: Nicholas Piggin 
Cc: Noam Camus 
Cc: Paul E. McKenney 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Will Deacon 
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-s390 
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Cc: sparclinux@vger.kernel.org
Cc: virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org
Cc: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1479298985-191589-1-git-send-email-borntraeger@de.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

locking/core, arch: Remove cpu_relax_lowlatency()

2016-11-16T09:15:11+00:00

As there are no users left, we can remove cpu_relax_lowlatency()
implementations from every architecture.

Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger 
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Cc: Catalin Marinas 
Cc: Heiko Carstens 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky 
Cc: Nicholas Piggin 
Cc: Noam Camus 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Russell King 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Will Deacon 
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Cc: virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org
Cc: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
Cc: 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1477386195-32736-6-git-send-email-borntraeger@de.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

locking/core: Introduce cpu_relax_yield()

2016-11-16T09:15:09+00:00

For spinning loops people do often use barrier() or cpu_relax().
For most architectures cpu_relax and barrier are the same, but on
some architectures cpu_relax can add some latency.
For example on power,sparc64 and arc, cpu_relax can shift the CPU
towards other hardware threads in an SMT environment.
On s390 cpu_relax does even more, it uses an hypercall to the
hypervisor to give up the timeslice.
In contrast to the SMT yielding this can result in larger latencies.
In some places this latency is unwanted, so another variant
"cpu_relax_lowlatency" was introduced. Before this is used in more
and more places, lets revert the logic and provide a cpu_relax_yield
that can be called in places where yielding is more important than
latency. By default this is the same as cpu_relax on all architectures.

Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger 
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Cc: Catalin Marinas 
Cc: Heiko Carstens 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky 
Cc: Nicholas Piggin 
Cc: Noam Camus 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Russell King 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Will Deacon 
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Cc: virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org
Cc: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1477386195-32736-2-git-send-email-borntraeger@de.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar