It does several fixes:
1. move the displaced ld example to its reasonable place.
2. add new example for command gzip.
3. fix 2 number errors.
4. fix format of chapter 7.x, make it looks the same as other chapters.

Signed-off-by: Cao jin <caoj.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Update the ccflags-y example to match current usage.

Signed-off-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Pull Kbuild thin archives updates from Masahiro Yamada:
 "Thin archives migration by Nicholas Piggin.

  THIN_ARCHIVES has been available for a while as an optional feature
  only for PowerPC architecture, but we do not need two different
  intermediate-artifact schemes.

  Using thin archives instead of conventional incremental linking has
  various advantages:

   - save disk space for builds

   - speed-up building a little

   - fix some link issues (for example, allyesconfig on ARM) due to more
     flexibility for the final linking

   - work better with dead code elimination we are planning

  As discussed before, this migration has been done unconditionally so
  that any problems caused by this will show up with "git bisect".

  With testing with 0-day and linux-next, some architectures actually
  showed up problems, but they were trivial and all fixed now"

* tag 'kbuild-thinar-v4.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild:
  tile: remove unneeded extra-y in Makefile
  kbuild: thin archives make default for all archs
  x86/um: thin archives build fix
  tile: thin archives fix linking
  ia64: thin archives fix linking
  sh: thin archives fix linking
  kbuild: handle libs-y archives separately from built-in.o archives
  kbuild: thin archives use P option to ar
  kbuild: thin archives final link close --whole-archives option
  ia64: remove unneeded extra-y in Makefile.gate
  tile: fix dependency and .*.cmd inclusion for incremental build
  sparc64: Use indirect calls in hamming weight stubs

Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:

 - Clean up Makefiles and scripts

 - Improve clang support

 - Remove unneeded genhdr-y syntax

 - Remove unneeded cc-option-align macro

 - Introduce __cc-option macro and use it to fix x86 boot code compiler
   flags

* tag 'kbuild-v4.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild:
  kbuild: improve comments on KBUILD_SRC
  x86/build: Specify stack alignment for clang
  x86/build: Use __cc-option for boot code compiler options
  kbuild: Add __cc-option macro
  kbuild: remove cc-option-align
  kbuild: replace genhdr-y with generated-y
  kbuild: clang: Disable 'address-of-packed-member' warning
  kbuild: remove duplicated arch/*/include/generated/uapi include path
  kbuild: speed up checksyscalls.sh
  kbuild: simplify silent build (-s) detection

The thin archives build currently puts all lib.a and built-in.o
files together and links them with --whole-archive.

This works because thin archives can recursively refer to thin
archives. However some architectures include libgcc.a, which may
not be a thin archive, or it may not be constructed with the "P"
option, in which case its contents do not get linked correctly.

So don't pull .a libs into the root built-in.o archive. These
libs should already have symbol tables and indexes built, so they
can be direct linker inputs. Move them out of the --whole-archive
option, which restore the conditional linking behaviour of lib.a
to thin archives builds.

Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt says the change for align options
occurred at GCC 3.0, and Documentation/process/changes.rst says the
minimal supported GCC version is 3.2, so it should be safe to hard-code
-falign* options.

Fix the only user arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu and remove cc-option-align.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Originally, generated-y and genhdr-y had different meaning, like
follows:

- generated-y: generated headers (other than asm-generic wrappers)
- header-y   : headers to be exported
- genhdr-y   : generated headers to be exported (generated-y + header-y)

Since commit fcc8487d477a ("uapi: export all headers under uapi
directories"), headers under UAPI directories are all exported.
So, there is no more difference between generated-y and genhdr-y.

We see two users of genhdr-y, arch/{arm,x86}/include/uapi/asm/Kbuild.
They generate some headers in arch/{arm,x86}/include/generated/uapi/asm
directories, which are obviously exported.

Replace them with generated-y, and abolish genhdr-y.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>

Signed-off-by: Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

This patch removes the need of subdir-y. Now all files/directories under
arch/<arch>/include/uapi/ are exported.

The only change for userland is the layout of the command 'make
headers_install_all': directories asm-<arch> are replaced by arch-<arch>/.
Those new directories contains all files/directories of the specified arch.

Note that only cris and tile have more directories than only asm:
 - arch-v[10|32] for cris;
 - arch for tile.

Signed-off-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Regularly, when a new header is created in include/uapi/, the developer
forgets to add it in the corresponding Kbuild file. This error is usually
detected after the release is out.

In fact, all headers under uapi directories should be exported, thus it's
useless to have an exhaustive list.

After this patch, the following files, which were not exported, are now
exported (with make headers_install_all):
asm-arc/kvm_para.h
asm-arc/ucontext.h
asm-blackfin/shmparam.h
asm-blackfin/ucontext.h
asm-c6x/shmparam.h
asm-c6x/ucontext.h
asm-cris/kvm_para.h
asm-h8300/shmparam.h
asm-h8300/ucontext.h
asm-hexagon/shmparam.h
asm-m32r/kvm_para.h
asm-m68k/kvm_para.h
asm-m68k/shmparam.h
asm-metag/kvm_para.h
asm-metag/shmparam.h
asm-metag/ucontext.h
asm-mips/hwcap.h
asm-mips/reg.h
asm-mips/ucontext.h
asm-nios2/kvm_para.h
asm-nios2/ucontext.h
asm-openrisc/shmparam.h
asm-parisc/kvm_para.h
asm-powerpc/perf_regs.h
asm-sh/kvm_para.h
asm-sh/ucontext.h
asm-tile/shmparam.h
asm-unicore32/shmparam.h
asm-unicore32/ucontext.h
asm-x86/hwcap2.h
asm-xtensa/kvm_para.h
drm/armada_drm.h
drm/etnaviv_drm.h
drm/vgem_drm.h
linux/aspeed-lpc-ctrl.h
linux/auto_dev-ioctl.h
linux/bcache.h
linux/btrfs_tree.h
linux/can/vxcan.h
linux/cifs/cifs_mount.h
linux/coresight-stm.h
linux/cryptouser.h
linux/fsmap.h
linux/genwqe/genwqe_card.h
linux/hash_info.h
linux/kcm.h
linux/kcov.h
linux/kfd_ioctl.h
linux/lightnvm.h
linux/module.h
linux/nbd-netlink.h
linux/nilfs2_api.h
linux/nilfs2_ondisk.h
linux/nsfs.h
linux/pr.h
linux/qrtr.h
linux/rpmsg.h
linux/sched/types.h
linux/sed-opal.h
linux/smc.h
linux/smc_diag.h
linux/stm.h
linux/switchtec_ioctl.h
linux/vfio_ccw.h
linux/wil6210_uapi.h
rdma/bnxt_re-abi.h

Note that I have removed from this list the files which are generated in every
exported directories (like .install or .install.cmd).

Thanks to Julien Floret <julien.floret@6wind.com> for the tip to get all
subdirs with a pure makefile command.

For the record, note that exported files for asm directories are a mix of
files listed by:
 - include/uapi/asm-generic/Kbuild.asm;
 - arch/<arch>/include/uapi/asm/Kbuild;
 - arch/<arch>/include/asm/Kbuild.

Signed-off-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Acked-by: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> (powerpc)
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>