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2026-02-08tracing: Move ftrace_trace_stack() out of trace.c and into trace.hSteven Rostedt
The file trace.c has become a catchall for most things tracing. Start making it smaller by breaking out various aspects into their own files. Make ftrace_trace_stack() into a static inline that tests if stack tracing is enabled and if so to call __ftrace_trace_stack() to do the stack trace. This keeps the test inlined in the fast paths and only does the function call if stack tracing is enabled. Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260208032449.974218132@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-02-08tracing: Move __trace_buffer_{un}lock_*() functions to trace.hSteven Rostedt
The file trace.c has become a catchall for most things tracing. Start making it smaller by breaking out various aspects into their own files. Move the __always_inline functions __trace_buffer_lock_reserve(), __trace_buffer_unlock_commit() and trace_event_setup() into trace.h. The trace.c file will be split up and these functions will be used in more than one of these files. As they are already __always_inline they can easily be moved into the trace.h header file. Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260208032449.813550600@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-02-08tracing: Make tracing_selftest_running global to the tracing subsystemSteven Rostedt
The file trace.c has become a catchall for most things tracing. Start making it smaller by breaking out various aspects into their own files. Make the variable tracing_selftest_running global so that it can be used by other files in the tracing subsystem and trace.c can be split up. Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260208032449.648932796@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-02-08tracing: Make tracing_disabled global for tracing systemSteven Rostedt
The tracing_disabled variable is set to one on boot up to prevent some parts of tracing to access the tracing infrastructure before it is set up. It also can be set after boot if an anomaly is discovered. It is currently a static variable in trace.c and can be accessed via a function call trace_is_disabled(). There's really no reason to use a function call as the tracing subsystem should be able to access it directly. By making the variable accessed directly, code can be moved out of trace.c without adding overhead of a function call to see if tracing is disabled or not. Make tracing_disabled global and remove the tracing_is_disabled() helper function. Also add some "unlikely()"s around tracing_disabled where it's checked in hot paths. Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260208032449.483690153@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-02-08tracing: Clean up use of trace_create_maxlat_file()Steven Rostedt
In trace.c, the function trace_create_maxlat_file() is defined behind the #ifdef CONFIG_TRACER_MAX_TRACE block. The #else part defines it as: #define trace_create_maxlat_file(tr, d_tracer) \ trace_create_file("tracing_max_latency", TRACE_MODE_WRITE, \ d_tracer, tr, &tracing_max_lat_fops) But the one place that it it used has: #ifdef CONFIG_TRACER_MAX_TRACE trace_create_maxlat_file(tr, d_tracer); #endif Which is pointless and also wrong! It only gets created when both CONFIG_TRACE_MAX_TRACE and CONFIG_FS_NOTIFY is defined, but the file itself should not be dependent on CONFIG_FS_NOTIFY. Always create that file when TRACE_MAX_TRACE is defined regardless if FS_NOTIFY is or is not. Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260207191101.0e014abd@robin Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-02-08tracing: Move tracing_set_filter_buffering() into trace_events_hist.cSteven Rostedt
The function tracing_set_filter_buffering() is only used in trace_events_hist.c. Move it to that file and make it static. Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260206195936.617080218@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-02-08tracing: Have all triggers expect a file parameterSteven Rostedt
When the triggers were first created, they may not have had a file parameter passed to them and things needed to be done generically. But today, all triggers have a file parameter passed to them. Remove the generic code and add a "if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!file))" to each trigger. Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Tom Zanussi <zanussi@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260206101351.609d8906@gandalf.local.home Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-02-08watchdog/hardlockup: simplify perf event probe and remove per-cpu dependencyQiliang Yuan
Simplify the hardlockup detector's probe path and remove its implicit dependency on pinned per-cpu execution. Refactor hardlockup_detector_event_create() to be stateless. Return the created perf_event pointer to the caller instead of directly modifying the per-cpu 'watchdog_ev' variable. This allows the probe path to safely manage a temporary event without the risk of leaving stale pointers should task migration occur. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260129022629.2201331-1-realwujing@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Shouxin Sun <sunshx@chinatelecom.cn> Signed-off-by: Junnan Zhang <zhangjn11@chinatelecom.cn> Signed-off-by: Qiliang Yuan <yuanql9@chinatelecom.cn> Signed-off-by: Qiliang Yuan <realwujing@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Douglas Anderson <dianders@chromium.org> Cc: Jinchao Wang <wangjinchao600@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Li Huafei <lihuafei1@huawei.com> Cc: Song Liu <song@kernel.org> Cc: Thorsten Blum <thorsten.blum@linux.dev> Cc: Wang Jinchao <wangjinchao600@gmail.com> Cc: Yicong Yang <yangyicong@hisilicon.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-02-08watchdog/softlockup: fix sample ring index wrap in need_counting_irqs()Shengming Hu
cpustat_tail indexes cpustat_util[], which is a NUM_SAMPLE_PERIODS-sized ring buffer. need_counting_irqs() currently wraps the index using NUM_HARDIRQ_REPORT, which only happens to match NUM_SAMPLE_PERIODS. Use NUM_SAMPLE_PERIODS for the wrap to keep the ring math correct even if the NUM_HARDIRQ_REPORT or NUM_SAMPLE_PERIODS changes. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/tencent_7068189CB6D6689EB353F3D17BF5A5311A07@qq.com Fixes: e9a9292e2368 ("watchdog/softlockup: Report the most frequent interrupts") Signed-off-by: Shengming Hu <hu.shengming@zte.com.cn> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Zhang Run <zhang.run@zte.com.cn> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-02-08kho: fix doc for kho_restore_pages()Tycho Andersen (AMD)
This function returns NULL if kho_restore_page() returns NULL, which happens in a couple of corner cases. It never returns an error code. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260123190506.1058669-1-tycho@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Tycho Andersen (AMD) <tycho@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-02-08tests/liveupdate: add in-kernel liveupdate testPasha Tatashin
Introduce an in-kernel test module to validate the core logic of the Live Update Orchestrator's File-Lifecycle-Bound feature. This provides a low-level, controlled environment to test FLB registration and callback invocation without requiring userspace interaction or actual kexec reboots. The test is enabled by the CONFIG_LIVEUPDATE_TEST Kconfig option. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251218155752.3045808-6-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: David Gow <davidgow@google.com> Cc: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Samiullah Khawaja <skhawaja@google.com> Cc: Tamir Duberstein <tamird@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-02-08liveupdate: luo_flb: introduce File-Lifecycle-Bound global statePasha Tatashin
Introduce a mechanism for managing global kernel state whose lifecycle is tied to the preservation of one or more files. This is necessary for subsystems where multiple preserved file descriptors depend on a single, shared underlying resource. An example is HugeTLB, where multiple file descriptors such as memfd and guest_memfd may rely on the state of a single HugeTLB subsystem. Preserving this state for each individual file would be redundant and incorrect. The state should be preserved only once when the first file is preserved, and restored/finished only once the last file is handled. This patch introduces File-Lifecycle-Bound (FLB) objects to solve this problem. An FLB is a global, reference-counted object with a defined set of operations: - A file handler (struct liveupdate_file_handler) declares a dependency on one or more FLBs via a new registration function, liveupdate_register_flb(). - When the first file depending on an FLB is preserved, the FLB's .preserve() callback is invoked to save the shared global state. The reference count is then incremented for each subsequent file. - Conversely, when the last file is unpreserved (before reboot) or finished (after reboot), the FLB's .unpreserve() or .finish() callback is invoked to clean up the global resource. The implementation includes: - A new set of ABI definitions (luo_flb_ser, luo_flb_head_ser) and a corresponding FDT node (luo-flb) to serialize the state of all active FLBs and pass them via Kexec Handover. - Core logic in luo_flb.c to manage FLB registration, reference counting, and the invocation of lifecycle callbacks. - An API (liveupdate_flb_get/_incoming/_outgoing) for other kernel subsystems to safely access the live object managed by an FLB, both before and after the live update. This framework provides the necessary infrastructure for more complex subsystems like IOMMU, VFIO, and KVM to integrate with the Live Update Orchestrator. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251218155752.3045808-5-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: David Gow <davidgow@google.com> Cc: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Samiullah Khawaja <skhawaja@google.com> Cc: Tamir Duberstein <tamird@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-02-08liveupdate: luo_file: Use private listPasha Tatashin
Switch LUO to use the private list iterators. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251218155752.3045808-4-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: David Gow <davidgow@google.com> Cc: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Samiullah Khawaja <skhawaja@google.com> Cc: Tamir Duberstein <tamird@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-02-08delayacct: fix uapi timespec64 definitionArnd Bergmann
The custom definition of 'struct timespec64' is incompatible with both the kernel's internal definition and the glibc type, at least on big-endian targets that have the tv_nsec field in a different place, and the definition clashes with any userspace that also defines a timespec64 structure. Running the header check with -Wpadding enabled produces this output that warns about the incorrect padding: usr/include/linux/taskstats.h:25:1: error: padding struct size to alignment boundary with 4 bytes [-Werror=padded] Remove the hack and instead use the regular __kernel_timespec type that is meant to be used in uapi definitions. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260202095906.1344100-1-arnd@kernel.org Fixes: 29b63f6eff0e ("delayacct: add timestamp of delay max") Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Fan Yu <fan.yu9@zte.com.cn> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: xu xin <xu.xin16@zte.com.cn> Cc: Yang Yang <yang.yang29@zte.com.cn> Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com> Cc: Jiang Kun <jiang.kun2@zte.com.cn> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-02-07Merge tag 'sched-urgent-2026-02-07' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull scheduler fixes from Ingo Molnar: "Miscellaneous MMCID fixes to address bugs and performance regressions in the recent rewrite of the SCHED_MM_CID management code: - Fix livelock triggered by BPF CI testing - Fix hard lockup on weakly ordered systems - Simplify the dropping of CIDs in the exit path by removing an unintended transition phase - Fix performance/scalability regression on a thread-pool benchmark by optimizing transitional CIDs when scheduling out" * tag 'sched-urgent-2026-02-07' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: sched/mmcid: Optimize transitional CIDs when scheduling out sched/mmcid: Drop per CPU CID immediately when switching to per task mode sched/mmcid: Protect transition on weakly ordered systems sched/mmcid: Prevent live lock on task to CPU mode transition
2026-02-07workqueue: replace BUG_ON with panic in panic_on_wq_watchdogBreno Leitao
Replace BUG_ON() with panic() in panic_on_wq_watchdog(). This is not a bug condition but a deliberate forced panic requested by the user via module parameters to crash the system for debugging purposes. Using panic() instead of BUG_ON() makes this intent clearer and provides more informative output about which threshold was exceeded and the actual values, making it easier to diagnose the stall condition from crash dumps. Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2026-02-07workqueue: add time-based panic for stallsBreno Leitao
Add a new module parameter 'panic_on_stall_time' that triggers a panic when a workqueue stall persists for longer than the specified duration in seconds. Unlike 'panic_on_stall' which counts accumulated stall events, this parameter triggers based on the duration of a single continuous stall. This is useful for catching truly stuck workqueues rather than accumulating transient stalls. Usage: workqueue.panic_on_stall_time=120 This would panic if any workqueue pool has been stalled for 120 seconds or more. The stall duration is measured from the workqueue last progress (poll_ts) which accounts for legitimate system stalls. Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2026-02-07Merge tag 'objtool-urgent-2026-02-07' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull objtool fixes from Ingo Molnar:: - Bump up the Clang minimum version requirements for livepatch builds, due to Clang assembler section handling bugs causing silent miscompilations - Strip livepatching symbol artifacts from non-livepatch modules - Fix livepatch build warnings when certain Clang LTO options are enabled - Fix livepatch build error when CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_DEBUG=y * tag 'objtool-urgent-2026-02-07' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: objtool/klp: Fix unexported static call key access for manually built livepatch modules objtool/klp: Fix symbol correlation for orphaned local symbols livepatch: Free klp_{object,func}_ext data after initialization livepatch: Fix having __klp_objects relics in non-livepatch modules livepatch/klp-build: Require Clang assembler >= 20
2026-02-06Merge branch 'pci/controller/tegra'Bjorn Helgaas
- Export irq_domain_free_irqs() to allow PCI/MSI drivers that tear down MSI domains to be built as modules (Aaron Kling) - Export tegra_cpuidle_pcie_irqs_in_use(), which disables Tegra CC6 while PCI IRQs are in use, so pci-tegra can be built as a module (Aaron Kling) - Allow pci-tegra to be built as a module (Aaron Kling) * pci/controller/tegra: PCI: tegra: Allow building as a module cpuidle: tegra: Export tegra_cpuidle_pcie_irqs_in_use() irqdomain: Export irq_domain_free_irqs()
2026-02-06bpf: Switch to bpf_selem_unlink_nofail in bpf_local_storage_{map_free, destroy}Amery Hung
Take care of rqspinlock error in bpf_local_storage_{map_free, destroy}() properly by switching to bpf_selem_unlink_nofail(). Both functions iterate their own RCU-protected list of selems and call bpf_selem_unlink_nofail(). In map_free(), to prevent infinite loop when both map_free() and destroy() fail to remove a selem from b->list (extremely unlikely), switch to hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(). In destroy(), also switch to hlist_for_each_entry_rcu() since we no longer iterate local_storage->list under local_storage->lock. bpf_selem_unlink() now becomes dedicated to helpers and syscalls paths so reuse_now should always be false. Remove it from the argument and hardcode it. Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Co-developed-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260205222916.1788211-12-ameryhung@gmail.com
2026-02-06bpf: Support lockless unlink when freeing map or local storageAmery Hung
Introduce bpf_selem_unlink_nofail() to properly handle errors returned from rqspinlock in bpf_local_storage_map_free() and bpf_local_storage_destroy() where the operation must succeeds. The idea of bpf_selem_unlink_nofail() is to allow an selem to be partially linked and use atomic operation on a bit field, selem->state, to determine when and who can free the selem if any unlink under lock fails. An selem initially is fully linked to a map and a local storage. Under normal circumstances, bpf_selem_unlink_nofail() will be able to grab locks and unlink a selem from map and local storage in sequeunce, just like bpf_selem_unlink(), and then free it after an RCU grace period. However, if any of the lock attempts fails, it will only clear SDATA(selem)->smap or selem->local_storage depending on the caller and set SELEM_MAP_UNLINKED or SELEM_STORAGE_UNLINKED according to the caller. Then, after both map_free() and destroy() see the selem and the state becomes SELEM_UNLINKED, one of two racing caller can succeed in cmpxchg the state from SELEM_UNLINKED to SELEM_TOFREE, ensuring no double free or memory leak. To make sure bpf_obj_free_fields() is done only once and when map is still present, it is called when unlinking an selem from b->list under b->lock. To make sure uncharging memory is done only when the owner is still present in map_free(), block destroy() from returning until there is no pending map_free(). Since smap may not be valid in destroy(), bpf_selem_unlink_nofail() skips bpf_selem_unlink_storage_nolock_misc() when called from destroy(). This is okay as bpf_local_storage_destroy() will return the remaining amount of memory charge tracked by mem_charge to the owner to uncharge. It is also safe to skip clearing local_storage->owner and owner_storage as the owner is being freed and no users or bpf programs should be able to reference the owner and using local_storage. Finally, access of selem, SDATA(selem)->smap and selem->local_storage are racy. Callers will protect these fields with RCU. Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Co-developed-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260205222916.1788211-11-ameryhung@gmail.com
2026-02-06bpf: Prepare for bpf_selem_unlink_nofail()Amery Hung
The next patch will introduce bpf_selem_unlink_nofail() to handle rqspinlock errors. bpf_selem_unlink_nofail() will allow an selem to be partially unlinked from map or local storage. Save memory allocation method in selem so that later an selem can be correctly freed even when SDATA(selem)->smap is init to NULL. In addition, keep track of memory charge to the owner in local storage so that later bpf_selem_unlink_nofail() can return the correct memory charge to the owner. Updating local_storage->mem_charge is protected by local_storage->lock. Finally, extract miscellaneous tasks performed when unlinking an selem from local_storage into bpf_selem_unlink_storage_nolock_misc(). It will be reused by bpf_selem_unlink_nofail(). This patch also takes the chance to remove local_storage->smap, which is no longer used since commit f484f4a3e058 ("bpf: Replace bpf memory allocator with kmalloc_nolock() in local storage"). Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260205222916.1788211-10-ameryhung@gmail.com
2026-02-06bpf: Remove unused percpu counter from bpf_local_storage_map_freeAmery Hung
Percpu locks have been removed from cgroup and task local storage. Now that all local storage no longer use percpu variables as locks preventing recursion, there is no need to pass them to bpf_local_storage_map_free(). Remove the argument from the function. Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260205222916.1788211-9-ameryhung@gmail.com
2026-02-06bpf: Remove cgroup local storage percpu counterAmery Hung
The percpu counter in cgroup local storage is no longer needed as the underlying bpf_local_storage can now handle deadlock with the help of rqspinlock. Remove the percpu counter and related migrate_{disable, enable}. Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260205222916.1788211-8-ameryhung@gmail.com
2026-02-06bpf: Remove task local storage percpu counterAmery Hung
The percpu counter in task local storage is no longer needed as the underlying bpf_local_storage can now handle deadlock with the help of rqspinlock. Remove the percpu counter and related migrate_{disable, enable}. Since the percpu counter is removed, merge back bpf_task_storage_get() and bpf_task_storage_get_recur(). This will allow the bpf syscalls and helpers to run concurrently on the same CPU, removing the spurious -EBUSY error. bpf_task_storage_get(..., F_CREATE) will now always succeed with enough free memory unless being called recursively. Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260205222916.1788211-7-ameryhung@gmail.com
2026-02-06bpf: Change local_storage->lock and b->lock to rqspinlockAmery Hung
Change bpf_local_storage::lock and bpf_local_storage_map_bucket::lock from raw_spin_lock to rqspinlock. Finally, propagate errors from raw_res_spin_lock_irqsave() to syscall return or BPF helper return. In bpf_local_storage_destroy(), ignore return from raw_res_spin_lock_irqsave() for now. A later patch will correctly handle errors correctly in bpf_local_storage_destroy() so that it can unlink selems even when failing to acquire locks. For __bpf_local_storage_map_cache(), instead of handling the error, skip updating the cache. Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260205222916.1788211-6-ameryhung@gmail.com
2026-02-06bpf: Convert bpf_selem_unlink to failableAmery Hung
To prepare changing both bpf_local_storage_map_bucket::lock and bpf_local_storage::lock to rqspinlock, convert bpf_selem_unlink() to failable. It still always succeeds and returns 0 until the change happens. No functional change. Open code bpf_selem_unlink_storage() in the only caller, bpf_selem_unlink(), since unlink_map and unlink_storage must be done together after all the necessary locks are acquired. For bpf_local_storage_map_free(), ignore the return from bpf_selem_unlink() for now. A later patch will allow it to unlink selems even when failing to acquire locks. Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260205222916.1788211-5-ameryhung@gmail.com
2026-02-06bpf: Convert bpf_selem_link_map to failableAmery Hung
To prepare for changing bpf_local_storage_map_bucket::lock to rqspinlock, convert bpf_selem_link_map() to failable. It still always succeeds and returns 0 until the change happens. No functional change. Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260205222916.1788211-4-ameryhung@gmail.com
2026-02-06bpf: Convert bpf_selem_unlink_map to failableAmery Hung
To prepare for changing bpf_local_storage_map_bucket::lock to rqspinlock, convert bpf_selem_unlink_map() to failable. It still always succeeds and returns 0 for now. Since some operations updating local storage cannot fail in the middle, open-code bpf_selem_unlink_map() to take the b->lock before the operation. There are two such locations: - bpf_local_storage_alloc() The first selem will be unlinked from smap if cmpxchg owner_storage_ptr fails, which should not fail. Therefore, hold b->lock when linking until allocation complete. Helpers that assume b->lock is held by callers are introduced: bpf_selem_link_map_nolock() and bpf_selem_unlink_map_nolock(). - bpf_local_storage_update() The three step update process: link_map(new_selem), link_storage(new_selem), and unlink_map(old_selem) should not fail in the middle. In bpf_selem_unlink(), bpf_selem_unlink_map() and bpf_selem_unlink_storage() should either all succeed or fail as a whole instead of failing in the middle. So, return if unlink_map() failed. Remove the selem_linked_to_map_lockless() check as an selem in the common paths (not bpf_local_storage_map_free() or bpf_local_storage_destroy()), will be unlinked under b->lock and local_storage->lock and therefore no other threads can unlink the selem from map at the same time. In bpf_local_storage_destroy(), ignore the return of bpf_selem_unlink_map() for now. A later patch will allow bpf_local_storage_destroy() to unlink selems even when failing to acquire locks. Note that while this patch removes all callers of selem_linked_to_map(), a later patch that introduces bpf_selem_unlink_nofail() will use it again. Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260205222916.1788211-3-ameryhung@gmail.com
2026-02-06bpf: Select bpf_local_storage_map_bucket based on bpf_local_storageAmery Hung
A later bpf_local_storage refactor will acquire all locks before performing any update. To simplified the number of locks needed to take in bpf_local_storage_map_update(), determine the bucket based on the local_storage an selem belongs to instead of the selem pointer. Currently, when a new selem needs to be created to replace the old selem in bpf_local_storage_map_update(), locks of both buckets need to be acquired to prevent racing. This can be simplified if the two selem belongs to the same bucket so that only one bucket needs to be locked. Therefore, instead of hashing selem, hashing the local_storage pointer the selem belongs. Performance wise, this is slightly better as update now requires locking one bucket. It should not change the level of contention on one bucket as the pointers to local storages of selems in a map are just as unique as pointers to selems. Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260205222916.1788211-2-ameryhung@gmail.com
2026-02-06Merge tag 'trace-v6.19-rc7' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace Pull tracing fix from Steven Rostedt: - Fix event format field alignments for 32 bit architectures The fields in the event format files are used to parse the raw binary buffer data by applications. If they are incorrect, then the application produces garbage. On 32 bit architectures, the function graph 64bit calltime and rettime were off by 4bytes. That's because the actual fields are in a packed structure but the macros used by the ftrace events did not mark them as packed, and instead, gave them their natural alignment which made their offsets off by 4 bytes. There are macros to have a packed field within an embedded structure of an event, but there's no macro for normal fields within a packed structure of the event. The macro __field_packed() was used for the packed embedded structure field. Rename that to __field_desc_packed() (to match the non-packed embedded field macro __field_desc()), and make __field_packed() for fields that are in a packed event structure (which matches the unpacked __field() macro). Switch the calltime and rettime fields of the function graph event to use the new __field_packed() and this makes the offsets correct. * tag 'trace-v6.19-rc7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace: tracing: Fix ftrace event field alignments
2026-02-06tracing/kprobes: Skip setup_boot_kprobe_events() when no cmdline eventYaxiong Tian
When the 'kprobe_event=' kernel command-line parameter is not provided, there is no need to execute setup_boot_kprobe_events(). This change optimizes the initialization function init_kprobe_trace() by skipping unnecessary work and effectively prevents potential blocking that could arise from contention on the event_mutex lock in subsequent operations. Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260204015401.163748-1-tianyaxiong@kylinos.cn Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Yaxiong Tian <tianyaxiong@kylinos.cn> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-02-06blktrace: Make init_blk_tracer() asynchronousYaxiong Tian
The init_blk_tracer() function causes significant boot delay as it waits for the trace_event_sem lock held by trace_event_update_all(). Specifically, its child function register_trace_event() requires this lock, which is occupied for an extended period during boot. To resolve this, the execution of primary init_blk_tracer() is moved to the trace_init_wq workqueue, allowing it to run asynchronously, and prevent blocking the main boot thread. Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260204015353.163331-1-tianyaxiong@kylinos.cn Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Yaxiong Tian <tianyaxiong@kylinos.cn> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-02-06tracing: Rename `eval_map_wq` and allow other parts of tracing use itYaxiong Tian
The eval_map_work_func() function, though queued in eval_map_wq, holds the trace_event_sem read-write lock for a long time during kernel boot. This causes blocking issues for other functions. Rename eval_map_wq to trace_init_wq and make it global, thereby allowing other parts of tracing to schedule work on this queue asynchronously and avoiding blockage of the main boot thread. Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260204015344.162818-1-tianyaxiong@kylinos.cn Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Yaxiong Tian <tianyaxiong@kylinos.cn> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-02-06Merge tag 'dma-mapping-6.19-2026-02-06' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszyprowski/linux Pull dma-mapping fixes from Marek Szyprowski: "Two minor fixes for the DMA-mapping subsystem: - check for the rare case of the allocation failure of the global CMA pool (Shanker Donthineni) - avoid perf buffer overflow when tracing large scatter-gather lists (Deepanshu Kartikey)" * tag 'dma-mapping-6.19-2026-02-06' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszyprowski/linux: dma: contiguous: Check return value of dma_contiguous_reserve_area() tracing/dma: Cap dma_map_sg tracepoint arrays to prevent buffer overflow
2026-02-06io_uring: add task fork hookJens Axboe
Called when copy_process() is called to copy state to a new child. Right now this is just a stub, but will be used shortly to properly handle fork'ing of task based io_uring restrictions. Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner (Microsoft) <brauner@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2026-02-05bpf: Prevent reentrance into call_rcu_tasks_trace()Alexei Starovoitov
call_rcu_tasks_trace() is not safe from in_nmi() and not reentrant. To prevent deadlock on raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rtpcp) or memory corruption defer to irq_work when IRQs are disabled. call_rcu_tasks_generic() protects itself with local_irq_save(). Note when bpf_async_cb->refcnt drops to zero it's safe to reuse bpf_async_cb->worker for a different irq_work callback, since bpf_async_schedule_op() -> irq_work_queue(&cb->worker); is only called when refcnt >= 1. Fixes: 1bfbc267ec91 ("bpf: Enable bpf_timer and bpf_wq in any context") Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260205190233.912-1-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com
2026-02-05bpf: Require frozen map for calculating map hashKP Singh
Currently, bpf_map_get_info_by_fd calculates and caches the hash of the map regardless of the map's frozen state. This leads to a TOCTOU bug where userspace can call BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD to cache the hash and then modify the map contents before freezing. Therefore, a trusted loader can be tricked into verifying the stale hash while loading the modified contents. Fix this by returning -EPERM if the map is not frozen when the hash is requested. This ensures the hash is only generated for the final, immutable state of the map. Fixes: ea2e6467ac36 ("bpf: Return hashes of maps in BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD") Reported-by: Toshi Piazza <toshi.piazza@microsoft.com> Signed-off-by: KP Singh <kpsingh@kernel.org> Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260205070755.695776-1-kpsingh@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-02-05bpf: Limit bpf program signature sizeKP Singh
Practical BPF signatures are significantly smaller than KMALLOC_MAX_CACHE_SIZE Allowing larger sizes opens the door for abuse by passing excessive size values and forcing the kernel into expensive allocation paths (via kmalloc_large or vmalloc). Fixes: 349271568303 ("bpf: Implement signature verification for BPF programs") Reported-by: Chris Mason <clm@meta.com> Signed-off-by: KP Singh <kpsingh@kernel.org> Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260205063807.690823-1-kpsingh@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-02-05livepatch: Fix having __klp_objects relics in non-livepatch modulesPetr Pavlu
The linker script scripts/module.lds.S specifies that all input __klp_objects sections should be consolidated into an output section of the same name, and start/stop symbols should be created to enable scripts/livepatch/init.c to locate this data. This start/stop pattern is not ideal for modules because the symbols are created even if no __klp_objects input sections are present. Consequently, a dummy __klp_objects section also appears in the resulting module. This unnecessarily pollutes non-livepatch modules. Instead, since modules are relocatable files, the usual method for locating consolidated data in a module is to read its section table. This approach avoids the aforementioned problem. The klp_modinfo already stores a copy of the entire section table with the final addresses. Introduce a helper function that scripts/livepatch/init.c can call to obtain the location of the __klp_objects section from this data. Fixes: dd590d4d57eb ("objtool/klp: Introduce klp diff subcommand for diffing object files") Signed-off-by: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com> Acked-by: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Aaron Tomlin <atomlin@atomlin.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260123102825.3521961-2-petr.pavlu@suse.com Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
2026-02-05tracing: Fix ftrace event field alignmentsSteven Rostedt
The fields of ftrace specific events (events used to save ftrace internal events like function traces and trace_printk) are generated similarly to how normal trace event fields are generated. That is, the fields are added to a trace_events_fields array that saves the name, offset, size, alignment and signness of the field. It is used to produce the output in the format file in tracefs so that tooling knows how to parse the binary data of the trace events. The issue is that some of the ftrace event structures are packed. The function graph exit event structures are one of them. The 64 bit calltime and rettime fields end up 4 byte aligned, but the algorithm to show to userspace shows them as 8 byte aligned. The macros that create the ftrace events has one for embedded structure fields. There's two macros for theses fields: __field_desc() and __field_packed() The difference of the latter macro is that it treats the field as packed. Rename that field to __field_desc_packed() and create replace the __field_packed() to be a normal field that is packed and have the calltime and rettime use those. This showed up on 32bit architectures for function graph time fields. It had: ~# cat /sys/kernel/tracing/events/ftrace/funcgraph_exit/format [..] field:unsigned long func; offset:8; size:4; signed:0; field:unsigned int depth; offset:12; size:4; signed:0; field:unsigned int overrun; offset:16; size:4; signed:0; field:unsigned long long calltime; offset:24; size:8; signed:0; field:unsigned long long rettime; offset:32; size:8; signed:0; Notice that overrun is at offset 16 with size 4, where in the structure calltime is at offset 20 (16 + 4), but it shows the offset at 24. That's because it used the alignment of unsigned long long when used as a declaration and not as a member of a structure where it would be aligned by word size (in this case 4). By using the proper structure alignment, the format has it at the correct offset: ~# cat /sys/kernel/tracing/events/ftrace/funcgraph_exit/format [..] field:unsigned long func; offset:8; size:4; signed:0; field:unsigned int depth; offset:12; size:4; signed:0; field:unsigned int overrun; offset:16; size:4; signed:0; field:unsigned long long calltime; offset:20; size:8; signed:0; field:unsigned long long rettime; offset:28; size:8; signed:0; Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Reported-by: "jempty.liang" <imntjempty@163.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260204113628.53faec78@gandalf.local.home Fixes: 04ae87a52074e ("ftrace: Rework event_create_dir()") Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260130015740.212343-1-imntjempty@163.com/ Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260202123342.2544795-1-imntjempty@163.com/ Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-02-04bpf: Reset prog callback in bpf_async_cancel_and_free()Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi
Replace prog and callback in bpf_async_cb after removing visibility of bpf_async_cb in bpf_async_cancel_and_free() to increase the chances the scheduled async callbacks short-circuit execution and exit early, and not starting a RCU tasks trace section. This improves the overall time spent in running the wq selftest. Suggested-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260205003853.527571-3-memxor@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-02-04bpf: Check for running wq callback when freeing bpf_async_cbKumar Kartikeya Dwivedi
When freeing a bpf_async_cb in bpf_async_cb_rcu_tasks_trace_free(), in case the wq callback is not scheduled, doing cancel_work() currently returns false and leads to retry of RCU tasks trace grace period. If the callback is never scheduled, we keep retrying indefinitely and don't put the prog reference. Since the only race we care about here is against a potentially running wq callback in the first grace period, it should finish by the second grace period, hence check work_busy() result to detect presence of running wq callback if it's not pending, otherwise free the object immediately without retrying. Reasoning behind the check and its correctness with racing wq callback invocation: cancel_work is supposed to be synchronized, hence calling it first and getting false would mean that work is definitely not pending, at this point, either the work is not scheduled at all or already running, or we race and it already finished by the time we checked for it using work_busy(). In case it is running, we synchronize using pool->lock to check the current work running there, if we match, it means we extend the wait by another grace period using retry = true, otherwise either the work already finished running or was never scheduled, so we can free the bpf_async_cb right away. Fixes: 1bfbc267ec91 ("bpf: Enable bpf_timer and bpf_wq in any context") Reported-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260205003853.527571-2-memxor@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-02-04Merge tag 'mm-hotfixes-stable-2026-02-04-15-55' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm Pull misc fixes from Andrew Morton: "Five hotfixes. Two are cc:stable, two are for MM. All are singletons - please see the changelogs for details" * tag 'mm-hotfixes-stable-2026-02-04-15-55' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: Documentation: document liveupdate cmdline parameter mm, shmem: prevent infinite loop on truncate race mailmap: update Alexander Mikhalitsyn's emails liveupdate: luo_file: do not clear serialized_data on unfreeze x86/kfence: fix booting on 32bit non-PAE systems
2026-02-04Merge tag 'sched_ext-for-6.19-rc8-fixes' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/sched_ext Pull sched_ext fix from Tejun Heo: - Fix race where sched_class operations (sched_setscheduler() and friends) could be invoked on dead tasks after sched_ext_dead() already ran, causing invalid SCX task state transitions and NULL pointer dereferences. This was a regression from the cgroup exit ordering fix which moved sched_ext_free() to finish_task_switch(). * tag 'sched_ext-for-6.19-rc8-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/sched_ext: sched_ext: Short-circuit sched_class operations on dead tasks
2026-02-04sched_ext: Short-circuit sched_class operations on dead tasksTejun Heo
7900aa699c34 ("sched_ext: Fix cgroup exit ordering by moving sched_ext_free() to finish_task_switch()") moved sched_ext_free() to finish_task_switch() and renamed it to sched_ext_dead() to fix cgroup exit ordering issues. However, this created a race window where certain sched_class ops may be invoked on dead tasks leading to failures - e.g. sched_setscheduler() may try to switch a task which finished sched_ext_dead() back into SCX triggering invalid SCX task state transitions. Add task_dead_and_done() which tests whether a task is TASK_DEAD and has completed its final context switch, and use it to short-circuit sched_class operations which may be called on dead tasks. Fixes: 7900aa699c34 ("sched_ext: Fix cgroup exit ordering by moving sched_ext_free() to finish_task_switch()") Reported-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260202151341.796959-1-arighi@nvidia.com Reviewed-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2026-02-04bpf: Support negative offsets, BPF_SUB, and alu32 for linked register trackingPuranjay Mohan
Previously, the verifier only tracked positive constant deltas between linked registers using BPF_ADD. This limitation meant patterns like: r1 = r0; r1 += -4; if r1 s>= 0 goto l0_%=; // r1 >= 0 implies r0 >= 4 // verifier couldn't propagate bounds back to r0 if r0 != 0 goto l0_%=; r0 /= 0; // Verifier thinks this is reachable l0_%=: Similar limitation exists for 32-bit registers. With this change, the verifier can now track negative deltas in reg->off enabling bound propagation for the above pattern. For alu32, we make sure the destination register has the upper 32 bits as 0s before creating the link. BPF_ADD_CONST is split into BPF_ADD_CONST64 and BPF_ADD_CONST32, the latter is used in case of alu32 and sync_linked_regs uses this to zext the result if known_reg has this flag. Signed-off-by: Puranjay Mohan <puranjay@kernel.org> Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260204151741.2678118-2-puranjay@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-02-04bpf: Add bitwise tracking for BPF_ENDTianci Cao
This patch implements bitwise tracking (tnum analysis) for BPF_END (byte swap) operation. Currently, the BPF verifier does not track value for BPF_END operation, treating the result as completely unknown. This limits the verifier's ability to prove safety of programs that perform endianness conversions, which are common in networking code. For example, the following code pattern for port number validation: int test(struct pt_regs *ctx) { __u64 x = bpf_get_prandom_u32(); x &= 0x3f00; // Range: [0, 0x3f00], var_off: (0x0; 0x3f00) x = bswap16(x); // Should swap to range [0, 0x3f], var_off: (0x0; 0x3f) if (x > 0x3f) goto trap; return 0; trap: return *(u64 *)NULL; // Should be unreachable } Currently generates verifier output: 1: (54) w0 &= 16128 ; R0=scalar(smin=smin32=0,smax=umax=smax32=umax32=16128,var_off=(0x0; 0x3f00)) 2: (d7) r0 = bswap16 r0 ; R0=scalar() 3: (25) if r0 > 0x3f goto pc+2 ; R0=scalar(smin=smin32=0,smax=umax=smax32=umax32=63,var_off=(0x0; 0x3f)) Without this patch, even though the verifier knows `x` has certain bits set, after bswap16, it loses all tracking information and treats port as having a completely unknown value [0, 65535]. According to the BPF instruction set[1], there are 3 kinds of BPF_END: 1. `bswap(16|32|64)`: opcode=0xd7 (BPF_END | BPF_ALU64 | BPF_TO_LE) - do unconditional swap 2. `le(16|32|64)`: opcode=0xd4 (BPF_END | BPF_ALU | BPF_TO_LE) - on big-endian: do swap - on little-endian: truncation (16/32-bit) or no-op (64-bit) 3. `be(16|32|64)`: opcode=0xdc (BPF_END | BPF_ALU | BPF_TO_BE) - on little-endian: do swap - on big-endian: truncation (16/32-bit) or no-op (64-bit) Since BPF_END operations are inherently bit-wise permutations, tnum (bitwise tracking) offers the most efficient and precise mechanism for value analysis. By implementing `tnum_bswap16`, `tnum_bswap32`, and `tnum_bswap64`, we can derive exact `var_off` values concisely, directly reflecting the bit-level changes. Here is the overview of changes: 1. In `tnum_bswap(16|32|64)` (kernel/bpf/tnum.c): Call `swab(16|32|64)` function on the value and mask of `var_off`, and do truncation for 16/32-bit cases. 2. In `adjust_scalar_min_max_vals` (kernel/bpf/verifier.c): Call helper function `scalar_byte_swap`. - Only do byte swap when * alu64 (unconditional swap) OR * switching between big-endian and little-endian machines. - If need do byte swap: * Firstly call `tnum_bswap(16|32|64)` to update `var_off`. * Then reset the bound since byte swap scrambles the range. - For 16/32-bit cases, truncate dst register to match the swapped size. This enables better verification of networking code that frequently uses byte swaps for protocol processing, reducing false positive rejections. [1] https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/bpf/standardization/instruction-set.rst Co-developed-by: Shenghao Yuan <shenghaoyuan0928@163.com> Signed-off-by: Shenghao Yuan <shenghaoyuan0928@163.com> Co-developed-by: Yazhou Tang <tangyazhou518@outlook.com> Signed-off-by: Yazhou Tang <tangyazhou518@outlook.com> Signed-off-by: Tianci Cao <ziye@zju.edu.cn> Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260204111503.77871-2-ziye@zju.edu.cn Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-02-04bpf: Add a recursion check to prevent loops in bpf_timerAlexei Starovoitov
Do not schedule timer/wq operation on a cpu that is in irq_work callback that is processing async_cmds queue. Otherwise the following loop is possible: bpf_timer_start() -> bpf_async_schedule_op() -> irq_work_queue(). irqrestore -> bpf_async_irq_worker() -> tracepoint -> bpf_timer_start(). Fixes: 1bfbc267ec91 ("bpf: Enable bpf_timer and bpf_wq in any context") Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260204055147.54960-4-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com
2026-02-04bpf: Tighten conditions when timer/wq can be called synchronouslyAlexei Starovoitov
Though hrtimer_start/cancel() inlines all of the smaller helpers in hrtimer.c and only call timerqueue_add/del() from lib/timerqueue.c where everything is not traceable and not kprobe-able (because all files in lib/ are not traceable), there are tracepoints within hrtimer that are called with locks held. Therefore prevent the deadlock by tightening conditions when timer/wq can be called synchronously. hrtimer/wq are using raw_spin_lock_irqsave(), so irqs_disabled() is enough. Fixes: 1bfbc267ec91 ("bpf: Enable bpf_timer and bpf_wq in any context") Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260204055147.54960-2-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com