<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux-stable.git/tools/perf/bench, branch v5.0.2</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel stable tree</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>perf bench: Add epoll_ctl(2) benchmark</title>
<updated>2018-11-22T01:39:55+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Davidlohr Bueso</name>
<email>dave@stgolabs.net</email>
</author>
<published>2018-11-06T15:22:26+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=231457ec707475c71d4e538a3253f1ed9e294cf0'/>
<id>231457ec707475c71d4e538a3253f1ed9e294cf0</id>
<content type='text'>
Benchmark the various operations allowed for epoll_ctl(2).  The idea is
to concurrently stress a single epoll instance doing add/mod/del
operations.

Committer testing:

  # perf bench epoll ctl
  # Running 'epoll/ctl' benchmark:
  Run summary [PID 20344]: 4 threads doing epoll_ctl ops 64 file-descriptors for 8 secs.

  [thread  0] fdmap: 0x21a46b0 ... 0x21a47ac [ add: 1680960 ops; mod: 1680960 ops; del: 1680960 ops ]
  [thread  1] fdmap: 0x21a4960 ... 0x21a4a5c [ add: 1685440 ops; mod: 1685440 ops; del: 1685440 ops ]
  [thread  2] fdmap: 0x21a4c10 ... 0x21a4d0c [ add: 1674368 ops; mod: 1674368 ops; del: 1674368 ops ]
  [thread  3] fdmap: 0x21a4ec0 ... 0x21a4fbc [ add: 1677568 ops; mod: 1677568 ops; del: 1677568 ops ]

  Averaged 1679584 ADD operations (+- 0.14%)
  Averaged 1679584 MOD operations (+- 0.14%)
  Averaged 1679584 DEL operations (+- 0.14%)
  #

Lets measure those calls with 'perf trace' to get a glympse at what this
benchmark is doing in terms of syscalls:

  # perf trace -m32768 -s perf bench epoll ctl
  # Running 'epoll/ctl' benchmark:
  Run summary [PID 20405]: 4 threads doing epoll_ctl ops 64 file-descriptors for 8 secs.

  [thread  0] fdmap: 0x21764e0 ... 0x21765dc [ add: 1100480 ops; mod: 1100480 ops; del: 1100480 ops ]
  [thread  1] fdmap: 0x2176790 ... 0x217688c [ add: 1250176 ops; mod: 1250176 ops; del: 1250176 ops ]
  [thread  2] fdmap: 0x2176a40 ... 0x2176b3c [ add: 1022464 ops; mod: 1022464 ops; del: 1022464 ops ]
  [thread  3] fdmap: 0x2176cf0 ... 0x2176dec [ add: 705472 ops; mod: 705472 ops; del: 705472 ops ]

  Averaged 1019648 ADD operations (+- 11.27%)
  Averaged 1019648 MOD operations (+- 11.27%)
  Averaged 1019648 DEL operations (+- 11.27%)

  Summary of events:

  epoll-ctl (20405), 1264 events, 0.0%

   syscall            calls    total       min       avg       max      stddev
                               (msec)    (msec)    (msec)    (msec)        (%)
   --------------- -------- --------- --------- --------- ---------     ------
   eventfd2             256     9.514     0.001     0.037     5.243     68.00%
   clone                  4     1.245     0.204     0.311     0.531     24.13%
   mprotect              66     0.345     0.002     0.005     0.021      7.43%
   openat                45     0.313     0.004     0.007     0.073     21.93%
   mmap                  88     0.302     0.002     0.003     0.013      5.02%
   futex                  4     0.160     0.002     0.040     0.140     83.43%
   sched_setaffinity      4     0.124     0.005     0.031     0.070     49.39%
   read                  44     0.103     0.001     0.002     0.013     15.54%
   fstat                 40     0.052     0.001     0.001     0.003      5.43%
   close                 39     0.039     0.001     0.001     0.001      1.48%
   stat                   9     0.034     0.003     0.004     0.006      7.30%
   access                 3     0.023     0.007     0.008     0.008      4.25%
   open                   2     0.021     0.008     0.011     0.013     22.60%
   getdents               4     0.019     0.001     0.005     0.009     37.15%
   write                  2     0.013     0.004     0.007     0.009     38.48%
   munmap                 1     0.010     0.010     0.010     0.010      0.00%
   brk                    3     0.006     0.001     0.002     0.003     26.34%
   rt_sigprocmask         2     0.004     0.001     0.002     0.003     43.95%
   rt_sigaction           3     0.004     0.001     0.001     0.002     16.07%
   prlimit64              3     0.004     0.001     0.001     0.001      5.39%
   prctl                  1     0.003     0.003     0.003     0.003      0.00%
   epoll_create           1     0.003     0.003     0.003     0.003      0.00%
   lseek                  2     0.002     0.001     0.001     0.001     11.42%
   sched_getaffinity        1     0.002     0.002     0.002     0.002      0.00%
   arch_prctl             1     0.002     0.002     0.002     0.002      0.00%
   set_tid_address        1     0.001     0.001     0.001     0.001      0.00%
   getpid                 1     0.001     0.001     0.001     0.001      0.00%
   set_robust_list        1     0.001     0.001     0.001     0.001      0.00%
   execve                 1     0.000     0.000     0.000     0.000      0.00%

 epoll-ctl (20406), 1245480 events, 14.6%

   syscall            calls    total       min       avg       max      stddev
                               (msec)    (msec)    (msec)    (msec)        (%)
   --------------- -------- --------- --------- --------- ---------     ------
   epoll_ctl         619511  1034.927     0.001     0.002     6.691      0.67%
   nanosleep           3226   616.114     0.006     0.191    10.376      7.57%
   futex                  2    11.336     0.002     5.668    11.334     99.97%
   set_robust_list        1     0.001     0.001     0.001     0.001      0.00%
   clone                  1     0.000     0.000     0.000     0.000      0.00%

 epoll-ctl (20407), 1243151 events, 14.5%

   syscall            calls    total       min       avg       max      stddev
                               (msec)    (msec)    (msec)    (msec)        (%)
   --------------- -------- --------- --------- --------- ---------     ------
   epoll_ctl         618350  1042.181     0.001     0.002     2.512      0.40%
   nanosleep           3220   366.261     0.012     0.114    18.162      9.59%
   futex                  4     5.463     0.001     1.366     5.427     99.12%
   set_robust_list        1     0.002     0.002     0.002     0.002      0.00%

 epoll-ctl (20408), 1801690 events, 21.1%

   syscall            calls    total       min       avg       max      stddev
                               (msec)    (msec)    (msec)    (msec)        (%)
   --------------- -------- --------- --------- --------- ---------     ------
   epoll_ctl         896174  1540.581     0.001     0.002     6.987      0.74%
   nanosleep           4667   783.393     0.006     0.168    10.419      7.10%
   futex                  2     4.682     0.002     2.341     4.681     99.93%
   set_robust_list        1     0.002     0.002     0.002     0.002      0.00%
   clone                  1     0.000     0.000     0.000     0.000      0.00%

 epoll-ctl (20409), 4254890 events, 49.8%

   syscall            calls    total       min       avg       max      stddev
                               (msec)    (msec)    (msec)    (msec)        (%)
   --------------- -------- --------- --------- --------- ---------     ------
   epoll_ctl        2116416  3768.097     0.001     0.002     9.956      0.41%
   nanosleep          11023  1141.778     0.006     0.104     9.447      4.95%
   futex                  3     0.037     0.002     0.012     0.029     70.50%
   set_robust_list        1     0.008     0.008     0.008     0.008      0.00%
   madvise                1     0.005     0.005     0.005     0.005      0.00%
   clone                  1     0.000     0.000     0.000     0.000      0.00%
  #

Committer notes:

Fix build on fedora:24-x-ARC-uClibc, debian:experimental-x-mips,
debian:experimental-x-mipsel, ubuntu:16.04-x-arm and ubuntu:16.04-x-powerpc

    CC       /tmp/build/perf/bench/epoll-ctl.o
  bench/epoll-ctl.c: In function 'init_fdmaps':
  bench/epoll-ctl.c:214:16: error: comparison between signed and unsigned integer expressions [-Werror=sign-compare]
    for (i = 0; i &lt; nfds; i+=inc) {
                  ^
  bench/epoll-ctl.c: In function 'bench_epoll_ctl':
  bench/epoll-ctl.c:377:16: error: comparison between signed and unsigned integer expressions [-Werror=sign-compare]
    for (i = 0; i &lt; nthreads; i++) {
                  ^
  bench/epoll-ctl.c:388:16: error: comparison between signed and unsigned integer expressions [-Werror=sign-compare]
    for (i = 0; i &lt; nthreads; i++) {
                  ^
  cc1: all warnings being treated as errors

Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dbueso@suse.de&gt;
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dbueso@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Jason Baron &lt;jbaron@akamai.com&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181106152226.20883-3-dave@stgolabs.net
[ Use inttypes.h to print rlim_t fields, fixing the build on Alpine Linux / musl libc ]
[ Check if eventfd() is available, i.e. if HAVE_EVENTFD is defined ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Benchmark the various operations allowed for epoll_ctl(2).  The idea is
to concurrently stress a single epoll instance doing add/mod/del
operations.

Committer testing:

  # perf bench epoll ctl
  # Running 'epoll/ctl' benchmark:
  Run summary [PID 20344]: 4 threads doing epoll_ctl ops 64 file-descriptors for 8 secs.

  [thread  0] fdmap: 0x21a46b0 ... 0x21a47ac [ add: 1680960 ops; mod: 1680960 ops; del: 1680960 ops ]
  [thread  1] fdmap: 0x21a4960 ... 0x21a4a5c [ add: 1685440 ops; mod: 1685440 ops; del: 1685440 ops ]
  [thread  2] fdmap: 0x21a4c10 ... 0x21a4d0c [ add: 1674368 ops; mod: 1674368 ops; del: 1674368 ops ]
  [thread  3] fdmap: 0x21a4ec0 ... 0x21a4fbc [ add: 1677568 ops; mod: 1677568 ops; del: 1677568 ops ]

  Averaged 1679584 ADD operations (+- 0.14%)
  Averaged 1679584 MOD operations (+- 0.14%)
  Averaged 1679584 DEL operations (+- 0.14%)
  #

Lets measure those calls with 'perf trace' to get a glympse at what this
benchmark is doing in terms of syscalls:

  # perf trace -m32768 -s perf bench epoll ctl
  # Running 'epoll/ctl' benchmark:
  Run summary [PID 20405]: 4 threads doing epoll_ctl ops 64 file-descriptors for 8 secs.

  [thread  0] fdmap: 0x21764e0 ... 0x21765dc [ add: 1100480 ops; mod: 1100480 ops; del: 1100480 ops ]
  [thread  1] fdmap: 0x2176790 ... 0x217688c [ add: 1250176 ops; mod: 1250176 ops; del: 1250176 ops ]
  [thread  2] fdmap: 0x2176a40 ... 0x2176b3c [ add: 1022464 ops; mod: 1022464 ops; del: 1022464 ops ]
  [thread  3] fdmap: 0x2176cf0 ... 0x2176dec [ add: 705472 ops; mod: 705472 ops; del: 705472 ops ]

  Averaged 1019648 ADD operations (+- 11.27%)
  Averaged 1019648 MOD operations (+- 11.27%)
  Averaged 1019648 DEL operations (+- 11.27%)

  Summary of events:

  epoll-ctl (20405), 1264 events, 0.0%

   syscall            calls    total       min       avg       max      stddev
                               (msec)    (msec)    (msec)    (msec)        (%)
   --------------- -------- --------- --------- --------- ---------     ------
   eventfd2             256     9.514     0.001     0.037     5.243     68.00%
   clone                  4     1.245     0.204     0.311     0.531     24.13%
   mprotect              66     0.345     0.002     0.005     0.021      7.43%
   openat                45     0.313     0.004     0.007     0.073     21.93%
   mmap                  88     0.302     0.002     0.003     0.013      5.02%
   futex                  4     0.160     0.002     0.040     0.140     83.43%
   sched_setaffinity      4     0.124     0.005     0.031     0.070     49.39%
   read                  44     0.103     0.001     0.002     0.013     15.54%
   fstat                 40     0.052     0.001     0.001     0.003      5.43%
   close                 39     0.039     0.001     0.001     0.001      1.48%
   stat                   9     0.034     0.003     0.004     0.006      7.30%
   access                 3     0.023     0.007     0.008     0.008      4.25%
   open                   2     0.021     0.008     0.011     0.013     22.60%
   getdents               4     0.019     0.001     0.005     0.009     37.15%
   write                  2     0.013     0.004     0.007     0.009     38.48%
   munmap                 1     0.010     0.010     0.010     0.010      0.00%
   brk                    3     0.006     0.001     0.002     0.003     26.34%
   rt_sigprocmask         2     0.004     0.001     0.002     0.003     43.95%
   rt_sigaction           3     0.004     0.001     0.001     0.002     16.07%
   prlimit64              3     0.004     0.001     0.001     0.001      5.39%
   prctl                  1     0.003     0.003     0.003     0.003      0.00%
   epoll_create           1     0.003     0.003     0.003     0.003      0.00%
   lseek                  2     0.002     0.001     0.001     0.001     11.42%
   sched_getaffinity        1     0.002     0.002     0.002     0.002      0.00%
   arch_prctl             1     0.002     0.002     0.002     0.002      0.00%
   set_tid_address        1     0.001     0.001     0.001     0.001      0.00%
   getpid                 1     0.001     0.001     0.001     0.001      0.00%
   set_robust_list        1     0.001     0.001     0.001     0.001      0.00%
   execve                 1     0.000     0.000     0.000     0.000      0.00%

 epoll-ctl (20406), 1245480 events, 14.6%

   syscall            calls    total       min       avg       max      stddev
                               (msec)    (msec)    (msec)    (msec)        (%)
   --------------- -------- --------- --------- --------- ---------     ------
   epoll_ctl         619511  1034.927     0.001     0.002     6.691      0.67%
   nanosleep           3226   616.114     0.006     0.191    10.376      7.57%
   futex                  2    11.336     0.002     5.668    11.334     99.97%
   set_robust_list        1     0.001     0.001     0.001     0.001      0.00%
   clone                  1     0.000     0.000     0.000     0.000      0.00%

 epoll-ctl (20407), 1243151 events, 14.5%

   syscall            calls    total       min       avg       max      stddev
                               (msec)    (msec)    (msec)    (msec)        (%)
   --------------- -------- --------- --------- --------- ---------     ------
   epoll_ctl         618350  1042.181     0.001     0.002     2.512      0.40%
   nanosleep           3220   366.261     0.012     0.114    18.162      9.59%
   futex                  4     5.463     0.001     1.366     5.427     99.12%
   set_robust_list        1     0.002     0.002     0.002     0.002      0.00%

 epoll-ctl (20408), 1801690 events, 21.1%

   syscall            calls    total       min       avg       max      stddev
                               (msec)    (msec)    (msec)    (msec)        (%)
   --------------- -------- --------- --------- --------- ---------     ------
   epoll_ctl         896174  1540.581     0.001     0.002     6.987      0.74%
   nanosleep           4667   783.393     0.006     0.168    10.419      7.10%
   futex                  2     4.682     0.002     2.341     4.681     99.93%
   set_robust_list        1     0.002     0.002     0.002     0.002      0.00%
   clone                  1     0.000     0.000     0.000     0.000      0.00%

 epoll-ctl (20409), 4254890 events, 49.8%

   syscall            calls    total       min       avg       max      stddev
                               (msec)    (msec)    (msec)    (msec)        (%)
   --------------- -------- --------- --------- --------- ---------     ------
   epoll_ctl        2116416  3768.097     0.001     0.002     9.956      0.41%
   nanosleep          11023  1141.778     0.006     0.104     9.447      4.95%
   futex                  3     0.037     0.002     0.012     0.029     70.50%
   set_robust_list        1     0.008     0.008     0.008     0.008      0.00%
   madvise                1     0.005     0.005     0.005     0.005      0.00%
   clone                  1     0.000     0.000     0.000     0.000      0.00%
  #

Committer notes:

Fix build on fedora:24-x-ARC-uClibc, debian:experimental-x-mips,
debian:experimental-x-mipsel, ubuntu:16.04-x-arm and ubuntu:16.04-x-powerpc

    CC       /tmp/build/perf/bench/epoll-ctl.o
  bench/epoll-ctl.c: In function 'init_fdmaps':
  bench/epoll-ctl.c:214:16: error: comparison between signed and unsigned integer expressions [-Werror=sign-compare]
    for (i = 0; i &lt; nfds; i+=inc) {
                  ^
  bench/epoll-ctl.c: In function 'bench_epoll_ctl':
  bench/epoll-ctl.c:377:16: error: comparison between signed and unsigned integer expressions [-Werror=sign-compare]
    for (i = 0; i &lt; nthreads; i++) {
                  ^
  bench/epoll-ctl.c:388:16: error: comparison between signed and unsigned integer expressions [-Werror=sign-compare]
    for (i = 0; i &lt; nthreads; i++) {
                  ^
  cc1: all warnings being treated as errors

Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dbueso@suse.de&gt;
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dbueso@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Jason Baron &lt;jbaron@akamai.com&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181106152226.20883-3-dave@stgolabs.net
[ Use inttypes.h to print rlim_t fields, fixing the build on Alpine Linux / musl libc ]
[ Check if eventfd() is available, i.e. if HAVE_EVENTFD is defined ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf bench: Add epoll parallel epoll_wait benchmark</title>
<updated>2018-11-22T01:38:47+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Davidlohr Bueso</name>
<email>dave@stgolabs.net</email>
</author>
<published>2018-11-06T15:22:25+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=121dd9ea0116de3e79a4903a84018190c595e2b6'/>
<id>121dd9ea0116de3e79a4903a84018190c595e2b6</id>
<content type='text'>
This program benchmarks concurrent epoll_wait(2) for file descriptors
that are monitored with with EPOLLIN along various semantics, by a
single epoll instance. Such conditions can be found when using
single/combined or multiple queuing when load balancing.

Each thread has a number of private, nonblocking file descriptors,
referred to as fdmap. A writer thread will constantly be writing to the
fdmaps of all threads, minimizing each threads's chances of epoll_wait
not finding any ready read events and blocking as this is not what we
want to stress. Full details in the start of the C file.

Committer testing:

  # perf bench
  Usage:
	perf bench [&lt;common options&gt;] &lt;collection&gt; &lt;benchmark&gt; [&lt;options&gt;]

        # List of all available benchmark collections:

         sched: Scheduler and IPC benchmarks
           mem: Memory access benchmarks
          numa: NUMA scheduling and MM benchmarks
         futex: Futex stressing benchmarks
         epoll: Epoll stressing benchmarks
           all: All benchmarks

  # perf bench epoll

        # List of available benchmarks for collection 'epoll':

          wait: Benchmark epoll concurrent epoll_waits
           all: Run all futex benchmarks

  # perf bench epoll wait
  # Running 'epoll/wait' benchmark:
  Run summary [PID 19295]: 3 threads monitoring on 64 file-descriptors for 8 secs.

  [thread  0] fdmap: 0xdaa650 ... 0xdaa74c [ 328241 ops/sec ]
  [thread  1] fdmap: 0xdaa900 ... 0xdaa9fc [ 351695 ops/sec ]
  [thread  2] fdmap: 0xdaabb0 ... 0xdaacac [ 381423 ops/sec ]

  Averaged 353786 operations/sec (+- 4.35%), total secs = 8
  #

Committer notes:

Fix the build on debian:experimental-x-mips, debian:experimental-x-mipsel
and others:

    CC       /tmp/build/perf/bench/epoll-wait.o
  bench/epoll-wait.c: In function 'writerfn':
  bench/epoll-wait.c:399:12: error: format '%ld' expects argument of type 'long int', but argument 2 has type 'size_t' {aka 'unsigned int'} [-Werror=format=]
    printinfo("exiting writer-thread (total full-loops: %ld)\n", iter);
              ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  ~~~~
  bench/epoll-wait.c:86:31: note: in definition of macro 'printinfo'
    do { if (__verbose) { printf(fmt, ## arg); fflush(stdout); } } while (0)
                                 ^~~
  cc1: all warnings being treated as errors

Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dbueso@suse.de&gt;
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dbueso@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Jason Baron &lt;jbaron@akamai.com&gt; &lt;jbaron@akamai.com&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181106152226.20883-2-dave@stgolabs.net
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181106182349.thdkpvshkna5vd7o@linux-r8p5&gt;
[ Applied above fixup as per Davidlohr's request ]
[ Use inttypes.h to print rlim_t fields, fixing the build on Alpine Linux / musl libc ]
[ Check if eventfd() is available, i.e. if HAVE_EVENTFD is defined ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
This program benchmarks concurrent epoll_wait(2) for file descriptors
that are monitored with with EPOLLIN along various semantics, by a
single epoll instance. Such conditions can be found when using
single/combined or multiple queuing when load balancing.

Each thread has a number of private, nonblocking file descriptors,
referred to as fdmap. A writer thread will constantly be writing to the
fdmaps of all threads, minimizing each threads's chances of epoll_wait
not finding any ready read events and blocking as this is not what we
want to stress. Full details in the start of the C file.

Committer testing:

  # perf bench
  Usage:
	perf bench [&lt;common options&gt;] &lt;collection&gt; &lt;benchmark&gt; [&lt;options&gt;]

        # List of all available benchmark collections:

         sched: Scheduler and IPC benchmarks
           mem: Memory access benchmarks
          numa: NUMA scheduling and MM benchmarks
         futex: Futex stressing benchmarks
         epoll: Epoll stressing benchmarks
           all: All benchmarks

  # perf bench epoll

        # List of available benchmarks for collection 'epoll':

          wait: Benchmark epoll concurrent epoll_waits
           all: Run all futex benchmarks

  # perf bench epoll wait
  # Running 'epoll/wait' benchmark:
  Run summary [PID 19295]: 3 threads monitoring on 64 file-descriptors for 8 secs.

  [thread  0] fdmap: 0xdaa650 ... 0xdaa74c [ 328241 ops/sec ]
  [thread  1] fdmap: 0xdaa900 ... 0xdaa9fc [ 351695 ops/sec ]
  [thread  2] fdmap: 0xdaabb0 ... 0xdaacac [ 381423 ops/sec ]

  Averaged 353786 operations/sec (+- 4.35%), total secs = 8
  #

Committer notes:

Fix the build on debian:experimental-x-mips, debian:experimental-x-mipsel
and others:

    CC       /tmp/build/perf/bench/epoll-wait.o
  bench/epoll-wait.c: In function 'writerfn':
  bench/epoll-wait.c:399:12: error: format '%ld' expects argument of type 'long int', but argument 2 has type 'size_t' {aka 'unsigned int'} [-Werror=format=]
    printinfo("exiting writer-thread (total full-loops: %ld)\n", iter);
              ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  ~~~~
  bench/epoll-wait.c:86:31: note: in definition of macro 'printinfo'
    do { if (__verbose) { printf(fmt, ## arg); fflush(stdout); } } while (0)
                                 ^~~
  cc1: all warnings being treated as errors

Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dbueso@suse.de&gt;
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dbueso@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Jason Baron &lt;jbaron@akamai.com&gt; &lt;jbaron@akamai.com&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181106152226.20883-2-dave@stgolabs.net
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181106182349.thdkpvshkna5vd7o@linux-r8p5&gt;
[ Applied above fixup as per Davidlohr's request ]
[ Use inttypes.h to print rlim_t fields, fixing the build on Alpine Linux / musl libc ]
[ Check if eventfd() is available, i.e. if HAVE_EVENTFD is defined ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf bench: Move HAVE_PTHREAD_ATTR_SETAFFINITY_NP into bench.h</title>
<updated>2018-11-21T15:00:32+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Davidlohr Bueso</name>
<email>dave@stgolabs.net</email>
</author>
<published>2018-11-09T21:07:19+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=d47d77c3f008d3cf02c6ce92ef4f6e32ca270351'/>
<id>d47d77c3f008d3cf02c6ce92ef4f6e32ca270351</id>
<content type='text'>
Both futex and epoll need this call, and can cause build failure on
systems that don't have it pthread_attr_setaffinity_np().

Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dbueso@suse.de&gt;
Reported-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dbueso@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Jason Baron &lt;jbaron@akamai.com&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181109210719.pr7ohayuwqmfp2wl@linux-r8p5
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Both futex and epoll need this call, and can cause build failure on
systems that don't have it pthread_attr_setaffinity_np().

Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dbueso@suse.de&gt;
Reported-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dbueso@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Jason Baron &lt;jbaron@akamai.com&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181109210719.pr7ohayuwqmfp2wl@linux-r8p5
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>tools arch: Update arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S copy used in 'perf bench mem memcpy'</title>
<updated>2018-07-30T15:36:51+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo</name>
<email>acme@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2018-07-30T15:26:54+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=1f27a050fc679d16e68a40e0bb575364a89fad66'/>
<id>1f27a050fc679d16e68a40e0bb575364a89fad66</id>
<content type='text'>
To cope with the changes in:

  12c89130a56a ("x86/asm/memcpy_mcsafe: Add write-protection-fault handling")
  60622d68227d ("x86/asm/memcpy_mcsafe: Return bytes remaining")
  bd131544aa7e ("x86/asm/memcpy_mcsafe: Add labels for __memcpy_mcsafe() write fault handling")
  da7bc9c57eb0 ("x86/asm/memcpy_mcsafe: Remove loop unrolling")

This needed introducing a file with a copy of the mcsafe_handle_tail()
function, that is used in the new memcpy_64.S file, as well as a dummy
mcsafe_test.h header.

Testing it:

  $ nm ~/bin/perf | grep mcsafe
  0000000000484130 T mcsafe_handle_tail
  0000000000484300 T __memcpy_mcsafe
  $
  $ perf bench mem memcpy
  # Running 'mem/memcpy' benchmark:
  # function 'default' (Default memcpy() provided by glibc)
  # Copying 1MB bytes ...

      44.389205 GB/sec
  # function 'x86-64-unrolled' (unrolled memcpy() in arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S)
  # Copying 1MB bytes ...

      22.710756 GB/sec
  # function 'x86-64-movsq' (movsq-based memcpy() in arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S)
  # Copying 1MB bytes ...

      42.459239 GB/sec
  # function 'x86-64-movsb' (movsb-based memcpy() in arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S)
  # Copying 1MB bytes ...

      42.459239 GB/sec
  $

This silences this perf tools build warning:

  Warning: Kernel ABI header at 'tools/arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S' differs from latest version at 'arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S'

Cc: Adrian Hunter &lt;adrian.hunter@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Cc: David Ahern &lt;dsahern@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Mika Penttilä &lt;mika.penttila@nextfour.com&gt;
Cc: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Tony Luck &lt;tony.luck@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Wang Nan &lt;wangnan0@huawei.com&gt;
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-igdpciheradk3gb3qqal52d0@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
To cope with the changes in:

  12c89130a56a ("x86/asm/memcpy_mcsafe: Add write-protection-fault handling")
  60622d68227d ("x86/asm/memcpy_mcsafe: Return bytes remaining")
  bd131544aa7e ("x86/asm/memcpy_mcsafe: Add labels for __memcpy_mcsafe() write fault handling")
  da7bc9c57eb0 ("x86/asm/memcpy_mcsafe: Remove loop unrolling")

This needed introducing a file with a copy of the mcsafe_handle_tail()
function, that is used in the new memcpy_64.S file, as well as a dummy
mcsafe_test.h header.

Testing it:

  $ nm ~/bin/perf | grep mcsafe
  0000000000484130 T mcsafe_handle_tail
  0000000000484300 T __memcpy_mcsafe
  $
  $ perf bench mem memcpy
  # Running 'mem/memcpy' benchmark:
  # function 'default' (Default memcpy() provided by glibc)
  # Copying 1MB bytes ...

      44.389205 GB/sec
  # function 'x86-64-unrolled' (unrolled memcpy() in arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S)
  # Copying 1MB bytes ...

      22.710756 GB/sec
  # function 'x86-64-movsq' (movsq-based memcpy() in arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S)
  # Copying 1MB bytes ...

      42.459239 GB/sec
  # function 'x86-64-movsb' (movsb-based memcpy() in arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S)
  # Copying 1MB bytes ...

      42.459239 GB/sec
  $

This silences this perf tools build warning:

  Warning: Kernel ABI header at 'tools/arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S' differs from latest version at 'arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S'

Cc: Adrian Hunter &lt;adrian.hunter@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Cc: David Ahern &lt;dsahern@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Mika Penttilä &lt;mika.penttila@nextfour.com&gt;
Cc: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Tony Luck &lt;tony.luck@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Wang Nan &lt;wangnan0@huawei.com&gt;
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-igdpciheradk3gb3qqal52d0@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf bench: Fix numa report output code</title>
<updated>2018-06-25T14:59:37+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jiri Olsa</name>
<email>jolsa@kernel.org</email>
</author>
<published>2018-06-20T09:40:36+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=983107072be1a39cbde67d45cb0059138190e015'/>
<id>983107072be1a39cbde67d45cb0059138190e015</id>
<content type='text'>
Currently we can hit following assert when running numa bench:

  $ perf bench numa mem -p 3 -t 1 -P 512 -s 100 -zZ0cm --thp 1
  perf: bench/numa.c:1577: __bench_numa: Assertion `!(!(((wait_stat) &amp; 0x7f) == 0))' failed.

The assertion is correct, because we hit the SIGFPE in following line:

  Thread 2.2 "thread 0/0" received signal SIGFPE, Arithmetic exception.
  [Switching to Thread 0x7fffd28c6700 (LWP 11750)]
  0x000.. in worker_thread (__tdata=0x7.. ) at bench/numa.c:1257
  1257 td-&gt;speed_gbs = bytes_done / (td-&gt;runtime_ns / NSEC_PER_SEC) / 1e9;

We don't check if the runtime is actually bigger than 1 second,
and thus this might end up with zero division within FPU.

Adding the check to prevent this.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Alexander Shishkin &lt;alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: David Ahern &lt;dsahern@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Peter Zijlstra &lt;peterz@infradead.org&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180620094036.17278-1-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Currently we can hit following assert when running numa bench:

  $ perf bench numa mem -p 3 -t 1 -P 512 -s 100 -zZ0cm --thp 1
  perf: bench/numa.c:1577: __bench_numa: Assertion `!(!(((wait_stat) &amp; 0x7f) == 0))' failed.

The assertion is correct, because we hit the SIGFPE in following line:

  Thread 2.2 "thread 0/0" received signal SIGFPE, Arithmetic exception.
  [Switching to Thread 0x7fffd28c6700 (LWP 11750)]
  0x000.. in worker_thread (__tdata=0x7.. ) at bench/numa.c:1257
  1257 td-&gt;speed_gbs = bytes_done / (td-&gt;runtime_ns / NSEC_PER_SEC) / 1e9;

We don't check if the runtime is actually bigger than 1 second,
and thus this might end up with zero division within FPU.

Adding the check to prevent this.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Alexander Shishkin &lt;alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: David Ahern &lt;dsahern@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Peter Zijlstra &lt;peterz@infradead.org&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180620094036.17278-1-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf bench numa: Fix typo in options</title>
<updated>2018-05-07T15:17:56+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Yisheng Xie</name>
<email>xieyisheng1@huawei.com</email>
</author>
<published>2018-04-25T08:25:07+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=2abb80dad3afa9170ae19ca03bb7b4cd1ec06d62'/>
<id>2abb80dad3afa9170ae19ca03bb7b4cd1ec06d62</id>
<content type='text'>
'R' means access the data via reads instead of writes, fix this typo.

Signed-off-by: Yisheng Xie &lt;xieyisheng1@huawei.com&gt;
Cc: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Peter Zijlstra &lt;peterz@infradead.org&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1524644707-11030-1-git-send-email-xieyisheng1@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
'R' means access the data via reads instead of writes, fix this typo.

Signed-off-by: Yisheng Xie &lt;xieyisheng1@huawei.com&gt;
Cc: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Peter Zijlstra &lt;peterz@infradead.org&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1524644707-11030-1-git-send-email-xieyisheng1@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf perf: Remove duplicate includes</title>
<updated>2017-12-27T15:15:49+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Pravin Shedge</name>
<email>pravin.shedge4linux@gmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2017-12-06T17:43:24+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=3315d14f8eea27a845bd2e3a88341a35f4025866'/>
<id>3315d14f8eea27a845bd2e3a88341a35f4025866</id>
<content type='text'>
These duplicate includes have been found with scripts/checkincludes.pl
but they have been removed manually to avoid removing false positives.

Signed-off-by: Pravin Shedge &lt;pravin.shedge4linux@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Cc: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Peter Zijlstra &lt;peterz@infradead.org&gt;
Cc: Thomas Gleixner &lt;tglx@linutronix.de&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1512582204-6493-1-git-send-email-pravin.shedge4linux@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
These duplicate includes have been found with scripts/checkincludes.pl
but they have been removed manually to avoid removing false positives.

Signed-off-by: Pravin Shedge &lt;pravin.shedge4linux@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Cc: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Peter Zijlstra &lt;peterz@infradead.org&gt;
Cc: Thomas Gleixner &lt;tglx@linutronix.de&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1512582204-6493-1-git-send-email-pravin.shedge4linux@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf bench futex: Sync waker threads</title>
<updated>2017-12-05T13:23:44+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>James Yang</name>
<email>james.yang@arm.com</email>
</author>
<published>2017-11-27T04:21:01+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=8085e5ab41dadce558808b4186a6ea9d0862d3c0'/>
<id>8085e5ab41dadce558808b4186a6ea9d0862d3c0</id>
<content type='text'>
Waker threads in the futex wake-parallel benchmark are started by a loop
using pthread_create().  However, there is no synchronization for when
the waker threads wake the waiting threads.  Comparison of the waker
threads' measurement timestamps show they are not all running
concurrently because older waker threads finish their task before newer
waker threads even start.

This patch uses a barrier to better synchronize the waker threads.

Signed-off-by: James Yang &lt;james.yang@arm.com
Cc: Kim Phillips &lt;kim.phillips@arm.com&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171127042101.3659-4-dave@stgolabs.net
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dave@stgolabs.net&gt;
[ Disable the wake-parallel test for systems without pthread_barrier_t ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Waker threads in the futex wake-parallel benchmark are started by a loop
using pthread_create().  However, there is no synchronization for when
the waker threads wake the waiting threads.  Comparison of the waker
threads' measurement timestamps show they are not all running
concurrently because older waker threads finish their task before newer
waker threads even start.

This patch uses a barrier to better synchronize the waker threads.

Signed-off-by: James Yang &lt;james.yang@arm.com
Cc: Kim Phillips &lt;kim.phillips@arm.com&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171127042101.3659-4-dave@stgolabs.net
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dave@stgolabs.net&gt;
[ Disable the wake-parallel test for systems without pthread_barrier_t ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf bench futex: Use cpumaps</title>
<updated>2017-11-30T17:02:05+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Davidlohr Bueso</name>
<email>dave@stgolabs.net</email>
</author>
<published>2017-11-27T04:20:59+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=3b2323c2c1c4acf8961cfcdddcee9889daaa21e3'/>
<id>3b2323c2c1c4acf8961cfcdddcee9889daaa21e3</id>
<content type='text'>
It was reported that the whole futex bench breaks when dealing with
non-contiguously numbered cpus.

$ echo 0 | sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu3/online
$ ./perf bench futex all
 perf: pthread_create: Operation not permitted
 Run summary [PID 14934]: 7 threads, each ....

James had implemented an approach with cpumaps that use an in house
flavor. Instead of re-inventing the wheel, I've redone the patch such
that we use the perf's util/cpumap.c interface instead.

Applies to all futex benchmarks.

Suggested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
Originally-from: James Yang &lt;james.yang@arm.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dbueso@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dbueso@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Kim Phillips &lt;kim.phillips@arm.com&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171127042101.3659-2-dave@stgolabs.net
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
It was reported that the whole futex bench breaks when dealing with
non-contiguously numbered cpus.

$ echo 0 | sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu3/online
$ ./perf bench futex all
 perf: pthread_create: Operation not permitted
 Run summary [PID 14934]: 7 threads, each ....

James had implemented an approach with cpumaps that use an in house
flavor. Instead of re-inventing the wheel, I've redone the patch such
that we use the perf's util/cpumap.c interface instead.

Applies to all futex benchmarks.

Suggested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
Originally-from: James Yang &lt;james.yang@arm.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dbueso@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dbueso@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Kim Phillips &lt;kim.phillips@arm.com&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171127042101.3659-2-dave@stgolabs.net
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf bench numa: Fixup discontiguous/sparse numa nodes</title>
<updated>2017-11-28T17:28:10+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Satheesh Rajendran</name>
<email>sathnaga@linux.vnet.ibm.com</email>
</author>
<published>2017-11-22T16:43:53+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=321a7c35c90cc834851ceda18a8ee18f1d032b92'/>
<id>321a7c35c90cc834851ceda18a8ee18f1d032b92</id>
<content type='text'>
Certain systems are designed to have sparse/discontiguous nodes.  On
such systems, 'perf bench numa' hangs, shows wrong number of nodes and
shows values for non-existent nodes. Handle this by only taking nodes
that are exposed by kernel to userspace.

Signed-off-by: Satheesh Rajendran &lt;sathnaga@linux.vnet.ibm.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Srikar Dronamraju &lt;srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com&gt;
Acked-by: Naveen N. Rao &lt;naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1edbcd353c009e109e93d78f2f46381930c340fe.1511368645.git.sathnaga@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Balamuruhan S &lt;bala24@linux.vnet.ibm.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Certain systems are designed to have sparse/discontiguous nodes.  On
such systems, 'perf bench numa' hangs, shows wrong number of nodes and
shows values for non-existent nodes. Handle this by only taking nodes
that are exposed by kernel to userspace.

Signed-off-by: Satheesh Rajendran &lt;sathnaga@linux.vnet.ibm.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Srikar Dronamraju &lt;srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com&gt;
Acked-by: Naveen N. Rao &lt;naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1edbcd353c009e109e93d78f2f46381930c340fe.1511368645.git.sathnaga@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Balamuruhan S &lt;bala24@linux.vnet.ibm.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</pre>
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