<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux-stable.git/security, branch v5.4.285</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel stable tree</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>selinux: improve error checking in sel_write_load()</title>
<updated>2024-11-08T15:20:52+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Paul Moore</name>
<email>paul@paul-moore.com</email>
</author>
<published>2024-10-25T14:21:18+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=5121ac67236bdd38e6b5db94dac7468999f4abe7'/>
<id>5121ac67236bdd38e6b5db94dac7468999f4abe7</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 42c773238037c90b3302bf37a57ae3b5c3f6004a ]

Move our existing input sanity checking to the top of sel_write_load()
and add a check to ensure the buffer size is non-zero.

Move a local variable initialization from the declaration to before it
is used.

Minor style adjustments.

Reported-by: Sam Sun &lt;samsun1006219@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Paul Moore &lt;paul@paul-moore.com&gt;
[cascardo: keep fsi initialization at its declaration point as it is used earlier]
[cascardo: keep check for 64MiB size limit]
Signed-off-by: Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo &lt;cascardo@igalia.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit 42c773238037c90b3302bf37a57ae3b5c3f6004a ]

Move our existing input sanity checking to the top of sel_write_load()
and add a check to ensure the buffer size is non-zero.

Move a local variable initialization from the declaration to before it
is used.

Minor style adjustments.

Reported-by: Sam Sun &lt;samsun1006219@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Paul Moore &lt;paul@paul-moore.com&gt;
[cascardo: keep fsi initialization at its declaration point as it is used earlier]
[cascardo: keep check for 64MiB size limit]
Signed-off-by: Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo &lt;cascardo@igalia.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>tomoyo: fallback to realpath if symlink's pathname does not exist</title>
<updated>2024-11-08T15:20:41+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Tetsuo Handa</name>
<email>penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp</email>
</author>
<published>2024-09-25T13:30:59+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=3ba06256d2d6312cf57271ce43c0b8cf40a3c99f'/>
<id>3ba06256d2d6312cf57271ce43c0b8cf40a3c99f</id>
<content type='text'>
commit ada1986d07976d60bed5017aa38b7f7cf27883f7 upstream.

Alfred Agrell found that TOMOYO cannot handle execveat(AT_EMPTY_PATH)
inside chroot environment where /dev and /proc are not mounted, for
commit 51f39a1f0cea ("syscalls: implement execveat() system call") missed
that TOMOYO tries to canonicalize argv[0] when the filename fed to the
executed program as argv[0] is supplied using potentially nonexistent
pathname.

Since "/dev/fd/&lt;fd&gt;" already lost symlink information used for obtaining
that &lt;fd&gt;, it is too late to reconstruct symlink's pathname. Although
&lt;filename&gt; part of "/dev/fd/&lt;fd&gt;/&lt;filename&gt;" might not be canonicalized,
TOMOYO cannot use tomoyo_realpath_nofollow() when /dev or /proc is not
mounted. Therefore, fallback to tomoyo_realpath_from_path() when
tomoyo_realpath_nofollow() failed.

Reported-by: Alfred Agrell &lt;blubban@gmail.com&gt;
Closes: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1082001
Fixes: 51f39a1f0cea ("syscalls: implement execveat() system call")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.19+
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa &lt;penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp&gt;
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
commit ada1986d07976d60bed5017aa38b7f7cf27883f7 upstream.

Alfred Agrell found that TOMOYO cannot handle execveat(AT_EMPTY_PATH)
inside chroot environment where /dev and /proc are not mounted, for
commit 51f39a1f0cea ("syscalls: implement execveat() system call") missed
that TOMOYO tries to canonicalize argv[0] when the filename fed to the
executed program as argv[0] is supplied using potentially nonexistent
pathname.

Since "/dev/fd/&lt;fd&gt;" already lost symlink information used for obtaining
that &lt;fd&gt;, it is too late to reconstruct symlink's pathname. Although
&lt;filename&gt; part of "/dev/fd/&lt;fd&gt;/&lt;filename&gt;" might not be canonicalized,
TOMOYO cannot use tomoyo_realpath_nofollow() when /dev or /proc is not
mounted. Therefore, fallback to tomoyo_realpath_from_path() when
tomoyo_realpath_nofollow() failed.

Reported-by: Alfred Agrell &lt;blubban@gmail.com&gt;
Closes: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1082001
Fixes: 51f39a1f0cea ("syscalls: implement execveat() system call")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.19+
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa &lt;penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp&gt;
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>proc: add config &amp; param to block forcing mem writes</title>
<updated>2024-11-08T15:20:38+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Adrian Ratiu</name>
<email>adrian.ratiu@collabora.com</email>
</author>
<published>2024-08-02T08:02:25+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=299b9175940e77d31c0307d3baf86b53260a3a58'/>
<id>299b9175940e77d31c0307d3baf86b53260a3a58</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 41e8149c8892ed1962bd15350b3c3e6e90cba7f4 ]

This adds a Kconfig option and boot param to allow removing
the FOLL_FORCE flag from /proc/pid/mem write calls because
it can be abused.

The traditional forcing behavior is kept as default because
it can break GDB and some other use cases.

Previously we tried a more sophisticated approach allowing
distributions to fine-tune /proc/pid/mem behavior, however
that got NAK-ed by Linus [1], who prefers this simpler
approach with semantics also easier to understand for users.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wiGWLChxYmUA5HrT5aopZrB7_2VTa0NLZcxORgkUe5tEQ@mail.gmail.com/ [1]
Cc: Doug Anderson &lt;dianders@chromium.org&gt;
Cc: Jeff Xu &lt;jeffxu@google.com&gt;
Cc: Jann Horn &lt;jannh@google.com&gt;
Cc: Kees Cook &lt;kees@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel &lt;ardb@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Christian Brauner &lt;brauner@kernel.org&gt;
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Adrian Ratiu &lt;adrian.ratiu@collabora.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240802080225.89408-1-adrian.ratiu@collabora.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner &lt;brauner@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit 41e8149c8892ed1962bd15350b3c3e6e90cba7f4 ]

This adds a Kconfig option and boot param to allow removing
the FOLL_FORCE flag from /proc/pid/mem write calls because
it can be abused.

The traditional forcing behavior is kept as default because
it can break GDB and some other use cases.

Previously we tried a more sophisticated approach allowing
distributions to fine-tune /proc/pid/mem behavior, however
that got NAK-ed by Linus [1], who prefers this simpler
approach with semantics also easier to understand for users.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wiGWLChxYmUA5HrT5aopZrB7_2VTa0NLZcxORgkUe5tEQ@mail.gmail.com/ [1]
Cc: Doug Anderson &lt;dianders@chromium.org&gt;
Cc: Jeff Xu &lt;jeffxu@google.com&gt;
Cc: Jann Horn &lt;jannh@google.com&gt;
Cc: Kees Cook &lt;kees@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel &lt;ardb@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Christian Brauner &lt;brauner@kernel.org&gt;
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Adrian Ratiu &lt;adrian.ratiu@collabora.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240802080225.89408-1-adrian.ratiu@collabora.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner &lt;brauner@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>smackfs: Use rcu_assign_pointer() to ensure safe assignment in smk_set_cipso</title>
<updated>2024-11-08T15:20:30+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jiawei Ye</name>
<email>jiawei.ye@foxmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2024-09-02T08:47:26+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=e8c1082c72b50c08f2f407736f32749af1876111'/>
<id>e8c1082c72b50c08f2f407736f32749af1876111</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 2749749afa071f8a0e405605de9da615e771a7ce ]

In the `smk_set_cipso` function, the `skp-&gt;smk_netlabel.attr.mls.cat`
field is directly assigned to a new value without using the appropriate
RCU pointer assignment functions. According to RCU usage rules, this is
illegal and can lead to unpredictable behavior, including data
inconsistencies and impossible-to-diagnose memory corruption issues.

This possible bug was identified using a static analysis tool developed
by myself, specifically designed to detect RCU-related issues.

To address this, the assignment is now done using rcu_assign_pointer(),
which ensures that the pointer assignment is done safely, with the
necessary memory barriers and synchronization. This change prevents
potential RCU dereference issues by ensuring that the `cat` field is
safely updated while still adhering to RCU's requirements.

Fixes: 0817534ff9ea ("smackfs: Fix use-after-free in netlbl_catmap_walk()")
Signed-off-by: Jiawei Ye &lt;jiawei.ye@foxmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Casey Schaufler &lt;casey@schaufler-ca.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit 2749749afa071f8a0e405605de9da615e771a7ce ]

In the `smk_set_cipso` function, the `skp-&gt;smk_netlabel.attr.mls.cat`
field is directly assigned to a new value without using the appropriate
RCU pointer assignment functions. According to RCU usage rules, this is
illegal and can lead to unpredictable behavior, including data
inconsistencies and impossible-to-diagnose memory corruption issues.

This possible bug was identified using a static analysis tool developed
by myself, specifically designed to detect RCU-related issues.

To address this, the assignment is now done using rcu_assign_pointer(),
which ensures that the pointer assignment is done safely, with the
necessary memory barriers and synchronization. This change prevents
potential RCU dereference issues by ensuring that the `cat` field is
safely updated while still adhering to RCU's requirements.

Fixes: 0817534ff9ea ("smackfs: Fix use-after-free in netlbl_catmap_walk()")
Signed-off-by: Jiawei Ye &lt;jiawei.ye@foxmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Casey Schaufler &lt;casey@schaufler-ca.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>smack: unix sockets: fix accept()ed socket label</title>
<updated>2024-09-12T09:03:52+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Konstantin Andreev</name>
<email>andreev@swemel.ru</email>
</author>
<published>2024-06-16T22:44:30+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=2859267753607c7b62b60b095958349121fe7026'/>
<id>2859267753607c7b62b60b095958349121fe7026</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit e86cac0acdb1a74f608bacefe702f2034133a047 ]

When a process accept()s connection from a unix socket
(either stream or seqpacket)
it gets the socket with the label of the connecting process.

For example, if a connecting process has a label 'foo',
the accept()ed socket will also have 'in' and 'out' labels 'foo',
regardless of the label of the listener process.

This is because kernel creates unix child sockets
in the context of the connecting process.

I do not see any obvious way for the listener to abuse
alien labels coming with the new socket, but,
to be on the safe side, it's better fix new socket labels.

Signed-off-by: Konstantin Andreev &lt;andreev@swemel.ru&gt;
Signed-off-by: Casey Schaufler &lt;casey@schaufler-ca.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit e86cac0acdb1a74f608bacefe702f2034133a047 ]

When a process accept()s connection from a unix socket
(either stream or seqpacket)
it gets the socket with the label of the connecting process.

For example, if a connecting process has a label 'foo',
the accept()ed socket will also have 'in' and 'out' labels 'foo',
regardless of the label of the listener process.

This is because kernel creates unix child sockets
in the context of the connecting process.

I do not see any obvious way for the listener to abuse
alien labels coming with the new socket, but,
to be on the safe side, it's better fix new socket labels.

Signed-off-by: Konstantin Andreev &lt;andreev@swemel.ru&gt;
Signed-off-by: Casey Schaufler &lt;casey@schaufler-ca.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>smack: tcp: ipv4, fix incorrect labeling</title>
<updated>2024-09-12T09:03:50+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Casey Schaufler</name>
<email>casey@schaufler-ca.com</email>
</author>
<published>2024-06-05T22:41:50+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=5b4b304f196c070342e32a4752e1fa2e22fc0671'/>
<id>5b4b304f196c070342e32a4752e1fa2e22fc0671</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 2fe209d0ad2e2729f7e22b9b31a86cc3ff0db550 ]

Currently, Smack mirrors the label of incoming tcp/ipv4 connections:
when a label 'foo' connects to a label 'bar' with tcp/ipv4,
'foo' always gets 'foo' in returned ipv4 packets. So,
1) returned packets are incorrectly labeled ('foo' instead of 'bar')
2) 'bar' can write to 'foo' without being authorized to write.

Here is a scenario how to see this:

* Take two machines, let's call them C and S,
   with active Smack in the default state
   (no settings, no rules, no labeled hosts, only builtin labels)

* At S, add Smack rule 'foo bar w'
   (labels 'foo' and 'bar' are instantiated at S at this moment)

* At S, at label 'bar', launch a program
   that listens for incoming tcp/ipv4 connections

* From C, at label 'foo', connect to the listener at S.
   (label 'foo' is instantiated at C at this moment)
   Connection succeedes and works.

* Send some data in both directions.
* Collect network traffic of this connection.

All packets in both directions are labeled with the CIPSO
of the label 'foo'. Hence, label 'bar' writes to 'foo' without
being authorized, and even without ever being known at C.

If anybody cares: exactly the same happens with DCCP.

This behavior 1st manifested in release 2.6.29.4 (see Fixes below)
and it looks unintentional. At least, no explanation was provided.

I changed returned packes label into the 'bar',
to bring it into line with the Smack documentation claims.

Signed-off-by: Konstantin Andreev &lt;andreev@swemel.ru&gt;
Signed-off-by: Casey Schaufler &lt;casey@schaufler-ca.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit 2fe209d0ad2e2729f7e22b9b31a86cc3ff0db550 ]

Currently, Smack mirrors the label of incoming tcp/ipv4 connections:
when a label 'foo' connects to a label 'bar' with tcp/ipv4,
'foo' always gets 'foo' in returned ipv4 packets. So,
1) returned packets are incorrectly labeled ('foo' instead of 'bar')
2) 'bar' can write to 'foo' without being authorized to write.

Here is a scenario how to see this:

* Take two machines, let's call them C and S,
   with active Smack in the default state
   (no settings, no rules, no labeled hosts, only builtin labels)

* At S, add Smack rule 'foo bar w'
   (labels 'foo' and 'bar' are instantiated at S at this moment)

* At S, at label 'bar', launch a program
   that listens for incoming tcp/ipv4 connections

* From C, at label 'foo', connect to the listener at S.
   (label 'foo' is instantiated at C at this moment)
   Connection succeedes and works.

* Send some data in both directions.
* Collect network traffic of this connection.

All packets in both directions are labeled with the CIPSO
of the label 'foo'. Hence, label 'bar' writes to 'foo' without
being authorized, and even without ever being known at C.

If anybody cares: exactly the same happens with DCCP.

This behavior 1st manifested in release 2.6.29.4 (see Fixes below)
and it looks unintentional. At least, no explanation was provided.

I changed returned packes label into the 'bar',
to bring it into line with the Smack documentation claims.

Signed-off-by: Konstantin Andreev &lt;andreev@swemel.ru&gt;
Signed-off-by: Casey Schaufler &lt;casey@schaufler-ca.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>apparmor: fix possible NULL pointer dereference</title>
<updated>2024-09-12T09:03:49+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Leesoo Ahn</name>
<email>lsahn@ooseel.net</email>
</author>
<published>2024-05-07T16:12:29+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=730ee2686af0d55372e97a2695005ff142702363'/>
<id>730ee2686af0d55372e97a2695005ff142702363</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 3dd384108d53834002be5630132ad5c3f32166ad ]

profile-&gt;parent-&gt;dents[AAFS_PROF_DIR] could be NULL only if its parent is made
from __create_missing_ancestors(..) and 'ent-&gt;old' is NULL in
aa_replace_profiles(..).
In that case, it must return an error code and the code, -ENOENT represents
its state that the path of its parent is not existed yet.

BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000030
PGD 0 P4D 0
PREEMPT SMP PTI
CPU: 4 PID: 3362 Comm: apparmor_parser Not tainted 6.8.0-24-generic #24
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014
RIP: 0010:aafs_create.constprop.0+0x7f/0x130
Code: 4c 63 e0 48 83 c4 18 4c 89 e0 5b 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f 5d 31 d2 31 c9 31 f6 31 ff 45 31 c0 45 31 c9 45 31 d2 c3 cc cc cc cc &lt;4d&gt; 8b 55 30 4d 8d ba a0 00 00 00 4c 89 55 c0 4c 89 ff e8 7a 6a ae
RSP: 0018:ffffc9000b2c7c98 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 00000000000041ed RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000
RBP: ffffc9000b2c7cd8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffffffff82baac10
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000
FS:  00007be9f22cf740(0000) GS:ffff88817bc00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000000000000030 CR3: 0000000134b08000 CR4: 00000000000006f0
Call Trace:
 &lt;TASK&gt;
 ? show_regs+0x6d/0x80
 ? __die+0x24/0x80
 ? page_fault_oops+0x99/0x1b0
 ? kernelmode_fixup_or_oops+0xb2/0x140
 ? __bad_area_nosemaphore+0x1a5/0x2c0
 ? find_vma+0x34/0x60
 ? bad_area_nosemaphore+0x16/0x30
 ? do_user_addr_fault+0x2a2/0x6b0
 ? exc_page_fault+0x83/0x1b0
 ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x27/0x30
 ? aafs_create.constprop.0+0x7f/0x130
 ? aafs_create.constprop.0+0x51/0x130
 __aafs_profile_mkdir+0x3d6/0x480
 aa_replace_profiles+0x83f/0x1270
 policy_update+0xe3/0x180
 profile_load+0xbc/0x150
 ? rw_verify_area+0x47/0x140
 vfs_write+0x100/0x480
 ? __x64_sys_openat+0x55/0xa0
 ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x86/0x260
 ksys_write+0x73/0x100
 __x64_sys_write+0x19/0x30
 x64_sys_call+0x7e/0x25c0
 do_syscall_64+0x7f/0x180
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x78/0x80
RIP: 0033:0x7be9f211c574
Code: c7 00 16 00 00 00 b8 ff ff ff ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 f3 0f 1e fa 80 3d d5 ea 0e 00 00 74 13 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 &lt;48&gt; 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 54 c3 0f 1f 00 55 48 89 e5 48 83 ec 20 48 89
RSP: 002b:00007ffd26f2b8c8 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00005d504415e200 RCX: 00007be9f211c574
RDX: 0000000000001fc1 RSI: 00005d504418bc80 RDI: 0000000000000004
RBP: 0000000000001fc1 R08: 0000000000001fc1 R09: 0000000080000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 00005d504418bc80
R13: 0000000000000004 R14: 00007ffd26f2b9b0 R15: 00007ffd26f2ba30
 &lt;/TASK&gt;
Modules linked in: snd_seq_dummy snd_hrtimer qrtr snd_hda_codec_generic snd_hda_intel snd_intel_dspcfg snd_intel_sdw_acpi snd_hda_codec snd_hda_core snd_hwdep snd_pcm snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event snd_rawmidi snd_seq snd_seq_device i2c_i801 snd_timer i2c_smbus qxl snd soundcore drm_ttm_helper lpc_ich ttm joydev input_leds serio_raw mac_hid binfmt_misc msr parport_pc ppdev lp parport efi_pstore nfnetlink dmi_sysfs qemu_fw_cfg ip_tables x_tables autofs4 hid_generic usbhid hid ahci libahci psmouse virtio_rng xhci_pci xhci_pci_renesas
CR2: 0000000000000030
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
RIP: 0010:aafs_create.constprop.0+0x7f/0x130
Code: 4c 63 e0 48 83 c4 18 4c 89 e0 5b 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f 5d 31 d2 31 c9 31 f6 31 ff 45 31 c0 45 31 c9 45 31 d2 c3 cc cc cc cc &lt;4d&gt; 8b 55 30 4d 8d ba a0 00 00 00 4c 89 55 c0 4c 89 ff e8 7a 6a ae
RSP: 0018:ffffc9000b2c7c98 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 00000000000041ed RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000
RBP: ffffc9000b2c7cd8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffffffff82baac10
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000
FS:  00007be9f22cf740(0000) GS:ffff88817bc00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000000000000030 CR3: 0000000134b08000 CR4: 00000000000006f0

Signed-off-by: Leesoo Ahn &lt;lsahn@ooseel.net&gt;
Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit 3dd384108d53834002be5630132ad5c3f32166ad ]

profile-&gt;parent-&gt;dents[AAFS_PROF_DIR] could be NULL only if its parent is made
from __create_missing_ancestors(..) and 'ent-&gt;old' is NULL in
aa_replace_profiles(..).
In that case, it must return an error code and the code, -ENOENT represents
its state that the path of its parent is not existed yet.

BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000030
PGD 0 P4D 0
PREEMPT SMP PTI
CPU: 4 PID: 3362 Comm: apparmor_parser Not tainted 6.8.0-24-generic #24
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014
RIP: 0010:aafs_create.constprop.0+0x7f/0x130
Code: 4c 63 e0 48 83 c4 18 4c 89 e0 5b 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f 5d 31 d2 31 c9 31 f6 31 ff 45 31 c0 45 31 c9 45 31 d2 c3 cc cc cc cc &lt;4d&gt; 8b 55 30 4d 8d ba a0 00 00 00 4c 89 55 c0 4c 89 ff e8 7a 6a ae
RSP: 0018:ffffc9000b2c7c98 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 00000000000041ed RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000
RBP: ffffc9000b2c7cd8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffffffff82baac10
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000
FS:  00007be9f22cf740(0000) GS:ffff88817bc00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000000000000030 CR3: 0000000134b08000 CR4: 00000000000006f0
Call Trace:
 &lt;TASK&gt;
 ? show_regs+0x6d/0x80
 ? __die+0x24/0x80
 ? page_fault_oops+0x99/0x1b0
 ? kernelmode_fixup_or_oops+0xb2/0x140
 ? __bad_area_nosemaphore+0x1a5/0x2c0
 ? find_vma+0x34/0x60
 ? bad_area_nosemaphore+0x16/0x30
 ? do_user_addr_fault+0x2a2/0x6b0
 ? exc_page_fault+0x83/0x1b0
 ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x27/0x30
 ? aafs_create.constprop.0+0x7f/0x130
 ? aafs_create.constprop.0+0x51/0x130
 __aafs_profile_mkdir+0x3d6/0x480
 aa_replace_profiles+0x83f/0x1270
 policy_update+0xe3/0x180
 profile_load+0xbc/0x150
 ? rw_verify_area+0x47/0x140
 vfs_write+0x100/0x480
 ? __x64_sys_openat+0x55/0xa0
 ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x86/0x260
 ksys_write+0x73/0x100
 __x64_sys_write+0x19/0x30
 x64_sys_call+0x7e/0x25c0
 do_syscall_64+0x7f/0x180
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x78/0x80
RIP: 0033:0x7be9f211c574
Code: c7 00 16 00 00 00 b8 ff ff ff ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 f3 0f 1e fa 80 3d d5 ea 0e 00 00 74 13 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 &lt;48&gt; 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 54 c3 0f 1f 00 55 48 89 e5 48 83 ec 20 48 89
RSP: 002b:00007ffd26f2b8c8 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00005d504415e200 RCX: 00007be9f211c574
RDX: 0000000000001fc1 RSI: 00005d504418bc80 RDI: 0000000000000004
RBP: 0000000000001fc1 R08: 0000000000001fc1 R09: 0000000080000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 00005d504418bc80
R13: 0000000000000004 R14: 00007ffd26f2b9b0 R15: 00007ffd26f2ba30
 &lt;/TASK&gt;
Modules linked in: snd_seq_dummy snd_hrtimer qrtr snd_hda_codec_generic snd_hda_intel snd_intel_dspcfg snd_intel_sdw_acpi snd_hda_codec snd_hda_core snd_hwdep snd_pcm snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event snd_rawmidi snd_seq snd_seq_device i2c_i801 snd_timer i2c_smbus qxl snd soundcore drm_ttm_helper lpc_ich ttm joydev input_leds serio_raw mac_hid binfmt_misc msr parport_pc ppdev lp parport efi_pstore nfnetlink dmi_sysfs qemu_fw_cfg ip_tables x_tables autofs4 hid_generic usbhid hid ahci libahci psmouse virtio_rng xhci_pci xhci_pci_renesas
CR2: 0000000000000030
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
RIP: 0010:aafs_create.constprop.0+0x7f/0x130
Code: 4c 63 e0 48 83 c4 18 4c 89 e0 5b 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f 5d 31 d2 31 c9 31 f6 31 ff 45 31 c0 45 31 c9 45 31 d2 c3 cc cc cc cc &lt;4d&gt; 8b 55 30 4d 8d ba a0 00 00 00 4c 89 55 c0 4c 89 ff e8 7a 6a ae
RSP: 0018:ffffc9000b2c7c98 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 00000000000041ed RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000
RBP: ffffc9000b2c7cd8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffffffff82baac10
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000
FS:  00007be9f22cf740(0000) GS:ffff88817bc00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000000000000030 CR3: 0000000134b08000 CR4: 00000000000006f0

Signed-off-by: Leesoo Ahn &lt;lsahn@ooseel.net&gt;
Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>selinux: fix potential counting error in avc_add_xperms_decision()</title>
<updated>2024-09-04T11:14:50+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Zhen Lei</name>
<email>thunder.leizhen@huawei.com</email>
</author>
<published>2024-08-06T06:51:13+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=374a0f82047428b3e9a361b48d5dee621b1d5ed6'/>
<id>374a0f82047428b3e9a361b48d5dee621b1d5ed6</id>
<content type='text'>
commit 379d9af3f3da2da1bbfa67baf1820c72a080d1f1 upstream.

The count increases only when a node is successfully added to
the linked list.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: fa1aa143ac4a ("selinux: extended permissions for ioctls")
Signed-off-by: Zhen Lei &lt;thunder.leizhen@huawei.com&gt;
Acked-by: Stephen Smalley &lt;stephen.smalley.work@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Paul Moore &lt;paul@paul-moore.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
commit 379d9af3f3da2da1bbfa67baf1820c72a080d1f1 upstream.

The count increases only when a node is successfully added to
the linked list.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: fa1aa143ac4a ("selinux: extended permissions for ioctls")
Signed-off-by: Zhen Lei &lt;thunder.leizhen@huawei.com&gt;
Acked-by: Stephen Smalley &lt;stephen.smalley.work@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Paul Moore &lt;paul@paul-moore.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>apparmor: Fix null pointer deref when receiving skb during sock creation</title>
<updated>2024-08-19T03:33:42+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Xiao Liang</name>
<email>shaw.leon@gmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-09-02T00:48:38+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=0abe35bc48d4ec80424b1f4b3560c0e082cbd5c1'/>
<id>0abe35bc48d4ec80424b1f4b3560c0e082cbd5c1</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit fce09ea314505a52f2436397608fa0a5d0934fb1 ]

The panic below is observed when receiving ICMP packets with secmark set
while an ICMP raw socket is being created. SK_CTX(sk)-&gt;label is updated
in apparmor_socket_post_create(), but the packet is delivered to the
socket before that, causing the null pointer dereference.
Drop the packet if label context is not set.

    BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 000000000000004c
    #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
    #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
    PGD 0 P4D 0
    Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI
    CPU: 0 PID: 407 Comm: a.out Not tainted 6.4.12-arch1-1 #1 3e6fa2753a2d75925c34ecb78e22e85a65d083df
    Hardware name: VMware, Inc. VMware Virtual Platform/440BX Desktop Reference Platform, BIOS 6.00 05/28/2020
    RIP: 0010:aa_label_next_confined+0xb/0x40
    Code: 00 00 48 89 ef e8 d5 25 0c 00 e9 66 ff ff ff 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 66 0f 1f 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 89 f0 &lt;8b&gt; 77 4c 39 c6 7e 1f 48 63 d0 48 8d 14 d7 eb 0b 83 c0 01 48 83 c2
    RSP: 0018:ffffa92940003b08 EFLAGS: 00010246
    RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 000000000000000e
    RDX: ffffa92940003be8 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000
    RBP: ffff8b57471e7800 R08: ffff8b574c642400 R09: 0000000000000002
    R10: ffffffffbd820eeb R11: ffffffffbeb7ff00 R12: ffff8b574c642400
    R13: 0000000000000001 R14: 0000000000000001 R15: 0000000000000000
    FS:  00007fb092ea7640(0000) GS:ffff8b577bc00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
    CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
    CR2: 000000000000004c CR3: 00000001020f2005 CR4: 00000000007706f0
    PKRU: 55555554
    Call Trace:
     &lt;IRQ&gt;
     ? __die+0x23/0x70
     ? page_fault_oops+0x171/0x4e0
     ? exc_page_fault+0x7f/0x180
     ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x26/0x30
     ? aa_label_next_confined+0xb/0x40
     apparmor_secmark_check+0xec/0x330
     security_sock_rcv_skb+0x35/0x50
     sk_filter_trim_cap+0x47/0x250
     sock_queue_rcv_skb_reason+0x20/0x60
     raw_rcv+0x13c/0x210
     raw_local_deliver+0x1f3/0x250
     ip_protocol_deliver_rcu+0x4f/0x2f0
     ip_local_deliver_finish+0x76/0xa0
     __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0x89/0xa0
     netif_receive_skb+0x119/0x170
     ? __netdev_alloc_skb+0x3d/0x140
     vmxnet3_rq_rx_complete+0xb23/0x1010 [vmxnet3 56a84f9c97178c57a43a24ec073b45a9d6f01f3a]
     vmxnet3_poll_rx_only+0x36/0xb0 [vmxnet3 56a84f9c97178c57a43a24ec073b45a9d6f01f3a]
     __napi_poll+0x28/0x1b0
     net_rx_action+0x2a4/0x380
     __do_softirq+0xd1/0x2c8
     __irq_exit_rcu+0xbb/0xf0
     common_interrupt+0x86/0xa0
     &lt;/IRQ&gt;
     &lt;TASK&gt;
     asm_common_interrupt+0x26/0x40
    RIP: 0010:apparmor_socket_post_create+0xb/0x200
    Code: 08 48 85 ff 75 a1 eb b1 0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 f3 0f 1e fa 0f 1f 44 00 00 41 54 &lt;55&gt; 48 89 fd 53 45 85 c0 0f 84 b2 00 00 00 48 8b 1d 80 56 3f 02 48
    RSP: 0018:ffffa92940ce7e50 EFLAGS: 00000286
    RAX: ffffffffbc756440 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000001
    RDX: 0000000000000003 RSI: 0000000000000002 RDI: ffff8b574eaab740
    RBP: 0000000000000001 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
    R10: ffff8b57444cec70 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000003
    R13: 0000000000000002 R14: ffff8b574eaab740 R15: ffffffffbd8e4748
     ? __pfx_apparmor_socket_post_create+0x10/0x10
     security_socket_post_create+0x4b/0x80
     __sock_create+0x176/0x1f0
     __sys_socket+0x89/0x100
     __x64_sys_socket+0x17/0x20
     do_syscall_64+0x5d/0x90
     ? do_syscall_64+0x6c/0x90
     ? do_syscall_64+0x6c/0x90
     ? do_syscall_64+0x6c/0x90
     entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc

Fixes: ab9f2115081a ("apparmor: Allow filtering based on secmark policy")
Signed-off-by: Xiao Liang &lt;shaw.leon@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit fce09ea314505a52f2436397608fa0a5d0934fb1 ]

The panic below is observed when receiving ICMP packets with secmark set
while an ICMP raw socket is being created. SK_CTX(sk)-&gt;label is updated
in apparmor_socket_post_create(), but the packet is delivered to the
socket before that, causing the null pointer dereference.
Drop the packet if label context is not set.

    BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 000000000000004c
    #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
    #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
    PGD 0 P4D 0
    Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI
    CPU: 0 PID: 407 Comm: a.out Not tainted 6.4.12-arch1-1 #1 3e6fa2753a2d75925c34ecb78e22e85a65d083df
    Hardware name: VMware, Inc. VMware Virtual Platform/440BX Desktop Reference Platform, BIOS 6.00 05/28/2020
    RIP: 0010:aa_label_next_confined+0xb/0x40
    Code: 00 00 48 89 ef e8 d5 25 0c 00 e9 66 ff ff ff 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 66 0f 1f 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 89 f0 &lt;8b&gt; 77 4c 39 c6 7e 1f 48 63 d0 48 8d 14 d7 eb 0b 83 c0 01 48 83 c2
    RSP: 0018:ffffa92940003b08 EFLAGS: 00010246
    RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 000000000000000e
    RDX: ffffa92940003be8 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000
    RBP: ffff8b57471e7800 R08: ffff8b574c642400 R09: 0000000000000002
    R10: ffffffffbd820eeb R11: ffffffffbeb7ff00 R12: ffff8b574c642400
    R13: 0000000000000001 R14: 0000000000000001 R15: 0000000000000000
    FS:  00007fb092ea7640(0000) GS:ffff8b577bc00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
    CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
    CR2: 000000000000004c CR3: 00000001020f2005 CR4: 00000000007706f0
    PKRU: 55555554
    Call Trace:
     &lt;IRQ&gt;
     ? __die+0x23/0x70
     ? page_fault_oops+0x171/0x4e0
     ? exc_page_fault+0x7f/0x180
     ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x26/0x30
     ? aa_label_next_confined+0xb/0x40
     apparmor_secmark_check+0xec/0x330
     security_sock_rcv_skb+0x35/0x50
     sk_filter_trim_cap+0x47/0x250
     sock_queue_rcv_skb_reason+0x20/0x60
     raw_rcv+0x13c/0x210
     raw_local_deliver+0x1f3/0x250
     ip_protocol_deliver_rcu+0x4f/0x2f0
     ip_local_deliver_finish+0x76/0xa0
     __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0x89/0xa0
     netif_receive_skb+0x119/0x170
     ? __netdev_alloc_skb+0x3d/0x140
     vmxnet3_rq_rx_complete+0xb23/0x1010 [vmxnet3 56a84f9c97178c57a43a24ec073b45a9d6f01f3a]
     vmxnet3_poll_rx_only+0x36/0xb0 [vmxnet3 56a84f9c97178c57a43a24ec073b45a9d6f01f3a]
     __napi_poll+0x28/0x1b0
     net_rx_action+0x2a4/0x380
     __do_softirq+0xd1/0x2c8
     __irq_exit_rcu+0xbb/0xf0
     common_interrupt+0x86/0xa0
     &lt;/IRQ&gt;
     &lt;TASK&gt;
     asm_common_interrupt+0x26/0x40
    RIP: 0010:apparmor_socket_post_create+0xb/0x200
    Code: 08 48 85 ff 75 a1 eb b1 0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 f3 0f 1e fa 0f 1f 44 00 00 41 54 &lt;55&gt; 48 89 fd 53 45 85 c0 0f 84 b2 00 00 00 48 8b 1d 80 56 3f 02 48
    RSP: 0018:ffffa92940ce7e50 EFLAGS: 00000286
    RAX: ffffffffbc756440 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000001
    RDX: 0000000000000003 RSI: 0000000000000002 RDI: ffff8b574eaab740
    RBP: 0000000000000001 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
    R10: ffff8b57444cec70 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000003
    R13: 0000000000000002 R14: ffff8b574eaab740 R15: ffffffffbd8e4748
     ? __pfx_apparmor_socket_post_create+0x10/0x10
     security_socket_post_create+0x4b/0x80
     __sock_create+0x176/0x1f0
     __sys_socket+0x89/0x100
     __x64_sys_socket+0x17/0x20
     do_syscall_64+0x5d/0x90
     ? do_syscall_64+0x6c/0x90
     ? do_syscall_64+0x6c/0x90
     ? do_syscall_64+0x6c/0x90
     entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc

Fixes: ab9f2115081a ("apparmor: Allow filtering based on secmark policy")
Signed-off-by: Xiao Liang &lt;shaw.leon@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>smack: Handle SMACK64TRANSMUTE in smack_inode_setsecurity()</title>
<updated>2024-04-13T10:51:22+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Roberto Sassu</name>
<email>roberto.sassu@huawei.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-11-16T09:01:22+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=60f9cecf6ac9d1e734b0525c41ee91b99c7cbf66'/>
<id>60f9cecf6ac9d1e734b0525c41ee91b99c7cbf66</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit ac02f007d64eb2769d0bde742aac4d7a5fc6e8a5 ]

If the SMACK64TRANSMUTE xattr is provided, and the inode is a directory,
update the in-memory inode flags by setting SMK_INODE_TRANSMUTE.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 5c6d1125f8db ("Smack: Transmute labels on specified directories") # v2.6.38.x
Signed-off-by: Roberto Sassu &lt;roberto.sassu@huawei.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Casey Schaufler &lt;casey@schaufler-ca.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit ac02f007d64eb2769d0bde742aac4d7a5fc6e8a5 ]

If the SMACK64TRANSMUTE xattr is provided, and the inode is a directory,
update the in-memory inode flags by setting SMK_INODE_TRANSMUTE.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 5c6d1125f8db ("Smack: Transmute labels on specified directories") # v2.6.38.x
Signed-off-by: Roberto Sassu &lt;roberto.sassu@huawei.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Casey Schaufler &lt;casey@schaufler-ca.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
</feed>
