linux-stable.git/security/commoncap.c, branch linux-2.6.24.y

file capabilities: remove cap_task_kill()

2008-04-19T01:53:30+00:00

upstream commit: aedb60a67c10a0861af179725d060765262ba0fb

The original justification for cap_task_kill() was as follows:

	check_kill_permission() does appropriate uid equivalence checks.
	However with file capabilities it becomes possible for an
	unprivileged user to execute a file with file capabilities
	resulting in a more privileged task with the same uid.

However now that cap_task_kill() always returns 0 (permission
granted) when p->uid==current->uid, the whole hook is worthless,
and only likely to create more subtle problems in the corner cases
where it might still be called but return -EPERM.  Those cases
are basically when uids are different but euid/suid is equivalent
as per the check in check_kill_permission().

One example of a still-broken application is 'at' for non-root users.

This patch removes cap_task_kill().

Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn 
Acked-by: Andrew G. Morgan 
Earlier-version-tested-by: Luiz Fernando N. Capitulino 
Acked-by: Casey Schaufler 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
[chrisw@sous-sol.org: backport to 2.6.24.4]
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright

file capabilities: simplify signal check

2008-03-24T18:47:19+00:00

commit: 094972840f2e7c1c6fc9e1a97d817cc17085378e

Simplify the uid equivalence check in cap_task_kill().  Anyone can kill a
process owned by the same uid.

Without this patch wireshark is reported to fail.

Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn 
Signed-off-by: Andrew G. Morgan 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

Fix filesystem capability support

2008-01-22T03:39:41+00:00

In linux-2.6.24-rc1, security/commoncap.c:cap_inh_is_capped() was
introduced. It has the exact reverse of its intended behavior. This
led to an unintended privilege esculation involving a process'
inheritable capability set.

To be exposed to this bug, you need to have Filesystem Capabilities
enabled and in use. That is:

- CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES must be defined for the buggy code
  to be compiled in.

- You also need to have files on your system marked with fI bits raised.

Signed-off-by: Andrew G. Morgan 

Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

file capabilities: don't prevent signaling setuid root programs

2007-11-29T17:24:53+00:00

An unprivileged process must be able to kill a setuid root program started
by the same user.  This is legacy behavior needed for instance for xinit to
kill X when the window manager exits.

When an unprivileged user runs a setuid root program in !SECURE_NOROOT
mode, fP, fI, and fE are set full on, so pP' and pE' are full on.  Then
cap_task_kill() prevents the user from signaling the setuid root task.
This is a change in behavior compared to when
!CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES.

This patch introduces a special check into cap_task_kill() just to check
whether a non-root user is signaling a setuid root program started by the
same user.  If so, then signal is allowed.

Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn 
Cc: Andrew Morgan 
Cc: Stephen Smalley 
Cc: Chris Wright 
Cc: James Morris 
Cc: Casey Schaufler 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

file capabilities: allow sigcont within session

2007-11-15T02:45:44+00:00

Fix http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=9247

Allow sigcont to be sent to a process with greater capabilities if it is in
the same session.  Otherwise, a shell from which I've started a root shell
and done 'suspend' can't be restarted by the parent shell.

Also don't do file-capabilities signaling checks when uids for the
processes don't match, since the standard check_kill_permission will have
done those checks.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn 
Acked-by: Andrew Morgan 
Cc: Chris Wright 
Tested-by: "Theodore Ts'o" 
Cc: Stephen Smalley 
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" 
Cc: Chris Wright 
Cc: James Morris 
Cc: Stephen Smalley 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

capabilities: clean up file capability reading

2007-10-22T15:13:18+00:00

Simplify the vfs_cap_data structure.

Also fix get_file_caps which was declaring
__le32 v1caps[XATTR_CAPS_SZ] on the stack, but
XATTR_CAPS_SZ is already * sizeof(__le32).

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn 
Cc: Andrew Morgan 
Cc: Chris Wright 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

pid namespaces: define is_global_init() and is_container_init()

2007-10-19T18:53:37+00:00

is_init() is an ambiguous name for the pid==1 check.  Split it into
is_global_init() and is_container_init().

A cgroup init has it's tsk->pid == 1.

A global init also has it's tsk->pid == 1 and it's active pid namespace
is the init_pid_ns.  But rather than check the active pid namespace,
compare the task structure with 'init_pid_ns.child_reaper', which is
initialized during boot to the /sbin/init process and never changes.

Changelog:

	2.6.22-rc4-mm2-pidns1:
	- Use 'init_pid_ns.child_reaper' to determine if a given task is the
	  global init (/sbin/init) process. This would improve performance
	  and remove dependence on the task_pid().

	2.6.21-mm2-pidns2:

	- [Sukadev Bhattiprolu] Changed is_container_init() calls in {powerpc,
	  ppc,avr32}/traps.c for the _exception() call to is_global_init().
	  This way, we kill only the cgroup if the cgroup's init has a
	  bug rather than force a kernel panic.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment]
[sukadev@us.ibm.com: Use is_global_init() in arch/m32r/mm/fault.c]
[bunk@stusta.de: kernel/pid.c: remove unused exports]
[sukadev@us.ibm.com: Fix capability.c to work with threaded init]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn 
Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu 
Acked-by: Pavel Emelianov 
Cc: Eric W. Biederman 
Cc: Cedric Le Goater 
Cc: Dave Hansen 
Cc: Herbert Poetzel 
Cc: Kirill Korotaev 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

V3 file capabilities: alter behavior of cap_setpcap

2007-10-18T21:37:24+00:00

The non-filesystem capability meaning of CAP_SETPCAP is that a process, p1,
can change the capabilities of another process, p2.  This is not the
meaning that was intended for this capability at all, and this
implementation came about purely because, without filesystem capabilities,
there was no way to use capabilities without one process bestowing them on
another.

Since we now have a filesystem support for capabilities we can fix the
implementation of CAP_SETPCAP.

The most significant thing about this change is that, with it in effect, no
process can set the capabilities of another process.

The capabilities of a program are set via the capability convolution
rules:

   pI(post-exec) = pI(pre-exec)
   pP(post-exec) = (X(aka cap_bset) & fP) | (pI(post-exec) & fI)
   pE(post-exec) = fE ? pP(post-exec) : 0

at exec() time.  As such, the only influence the pre-exec() program can
have on the post-exec() program's capabilities are through the pI
capability set.

The correct implementation for CAP_SETPCAP (and that enabled by this patch)
is that it can be used to add extra pI capabilities to the current process
- to be picked up by subsequent exec()s when the above convolution rules
are applied.

Here is how it works:

Let's say we have a process, p. It has capability sets, pE, pP and pI.
Generally, p, can change the value of its own pI to pI' where

   (pI' & ~pI) & ~pP = 0.

That is, the only new things in pI' that were not present in pI need to
be present in pP.

The role of CAP_SETPCAP is basically to permit changes to pI beyond
the above:

   if (pE & CAP_SETPCAP) {
      pI' = anything; /* ie., even (pI' & ~pI) & ~pP != 0  */
   }

This capability is useful for things like login, which (say, via
pam_cap) might want to raise certain inheritable capabilities for use
by the children of the logged-in user's shell, but those capabilities
are not useful to or needed by the login program itself.

One such use might be to limit who can run ping. You set the
capabilities of the 'ping' program to be "= cap_net_raw+i", and then
only shells that have (pI & CAP_NET_RAW) will be able to run
it. Without CAP_SETPCAP implemented as described above, login(pam_cap)
would have to also have (pP & CAP_NET_RAW) in order to raise this
capability and pass it on through the inheritable set.

Signed-off-by: Andrew Morgan 
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn 
Cc: Stephen Smalley 
Cc: James Morris 
Cc: Casey Schaufler 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

security/ cleanups

2007-10-17T15:43:07+00:00

This patch contains the following cleanups that are now possible:
- remove the unused security_operations->inode_xattr_getsuffix
- remove the no longer used security_operations->unregister_security
- remove some no longer required exit code
- remove a bunch of no longer used exports

Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk 
Acked-by: James Morris 
Cc: Chris Wright 
Cc: Stephen Smalley 
Cc: Serge Hallyn 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

Implement file posix capabilities

2007-10-17T15:43:07+00:00

Implement file posix capabilities.  This allows programs to be given a
subset of root's powers regardless of who runs them, without having to use
setuid and giving the binary all of root's powers.

This version works with Kaigai Kohei's userspace tools, found at
http://www.kaigai.gr.jp/index.php.  For more information on how to use this
patch, Chris Friedhoff has posted a nice page at
http://www.friedhoff.org/fscaps.html.

Changelog:
	Nov 27:
	Incorporate fixes from Andrew Morton
	(security-introduce-file-caps-tweaks and
	security-introduce-file-caps-warning-fix)
	Fix Kconfig dependency.
	Fix change signaling behavior when file caps are not compiled in.

	Nov 13:
	Integrate comments from Alexey: Remove CONFIG_ ifdef from
	capability.h, and use %zd for printing a size_t.

	Nov 13:
	Fix endianness warnings by sparse as suggested by Alexey
	Dobriyan.

	Nov 09:
	Address warnings of unused variables at cap_bprm_set_security
	when file capabilities are disabled, and simultaneously clean
	up the code a little, by pulling the new code into a helper
	function.

	Nov 08:
	For pointers to required userspace tools and how to use
	them, see http://www.friedhoff.org/fscaps.html.

	Nov 07:
	Fix the calculation of the highest bit checked in
	check_cap_sanity().

	Nov 07:
	Allow file caps to be enabled without CONFIG_SECURITY, since
	capabilities are the default.
	Hook cap_task_setscheduler when !CONFIG_SECURITY.
	Move capable(TASK_KILL) to end of cap_task_kill to reduce
	audit messages.

	Nov 05:
	Add secondary calls in selinux/hooks.c to task_setioprio and
	task_setscheduler so that selinux and capabilities with file
	cap support can be stacked.

	Sep 05:
	As Seth Arnold points out, uid checks are out of place
	for capability code.

	Sep 01:
	Define task_setscheduler, task_setioprio, cap_task_kill, and
	task_setnice to make sure a user cannot affect a process in which
	they called a program with some fscaps.

	One remaining question is the note under task_setscheduler: are we
	ok with CAP_SYS_NICE being sufficient to confine a process to a
	cpuset?

	It is a semantic change, as without fsccaps, attach_task doesn't
	allow CAP_SYS_NICE to override the uid equivalence check.  But since
	it uses security_task_setscheduler, which elsewhere is used where
	CAP_SYS_NICE can be used to override the uid equivalence check,
	fixing it might be tough.

	     task_setscheduler
		 note: this also controls cpuset:attach_task.  Are we ok with
		     CAP_SYS_NICE being used to confine to a cpuset?
	     task_setioprio
	     task_setnice
		 sys_setpriority uses this (through set_one_prio) for another
		 process.  Need same checks as setrlimit

	Aug 21:
	Updated secureexec implementation to reflect the fact that
	euid and uid might be the same and nonzero, but the process
	might still have elevated caps.

	Aug 15:
	Handle endianness of xattrs.
	Enforce capability version match between kernel and disk.
	Enforce that no bits beyond the known max capability are
	set, else return -EPERM.
	With this extra processing, it may be worth reconsidering
	doing all the work at bprm_set_security rather than
	d_instantiate.

	Aug 10:
	Always call getxattr at bprm_set_security, rather than
	caching it at d_instantiate.

[morgan@kernel.org: file-caps clean up for linux/capability.h]
[bunk@kernel.org: unexport cap_inode_killpriv]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn 
Cc: Stephen Smalley 
Cc: James Morris 
Cc: Chris Wright 
Cc: Andrew Morgan 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morgan 
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds