linux-stable.git/net/ipv6/ip6_output.c, branch linux-3.4.y

ip: make IP identifiers less predictable

2014-08-14T00:42:35+00:00

[ Upstream commit 04ca6973f7c1a0d8537f2d9906a0cf8e69886d75 ]

In "Counting Packets Sent Between Arbitrary Internet Hosts", Jeffrey and
Jedidiah describe ways exploiting linux IP identifier generation to
infer whether two machines are exchanging packets.

With commit 73f156a6e8c1 ("inetpeer: get rid of ip_id_count"), we
changed IP id generation, but this does not really prevent this
side-channel technique.

This patch adds a random amount of perturbation so that IP identifiers
for a given destination [1] are no longer monotonically increasing after
an idle period.

Note that prandom_u32_max(1) returns 0, so if generator is used at most
once per jiffy, this patch inserts no hole in the ID suite and do not
increase collision probability.

This is jiffies based, so in the worst case (HZ=1000), the id can
rollover after ~65 seconds of idle time, which should be fine.

We also change the hash used in __ip_select_ident() to not only hash
on daddr, but also saddr and protocol, so that ICMP probes can not be
used to infer information for other protocols.

For IPv6, adds saddr into the hash as well, but not nexthdr.

If I ping the patched target, we can see ID are now hard to predict.

21:57:11.008086 IP (...)
    A > target: ICMP echo request, seq 1, length 64
21:57:11.010752 IP (... id 2081 ...)
    target > A: ICMP echo reply, seq 1, length 64

21:57:12.013133 IP (...)
    A > target: ICMP echo request, seq 2, length 64
21:57:12.015737 IP (... id 3039 ...)
    target > A: ICMP echo reply, seq 2, length 64

21:57:13.016580 IP (...)
    A > target: ICMP echo request, seq 3, length 64
21:57:13.019251 IP (... id 3437 ...)
    target > A: ICMP echo reply, seq 3, length 64

[1] TCP sessions uses a per flow ID generator not changed by this patch.

Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet 
Reported-by: Jeffrey Knockel 
Reported-by: Jedidiah R. Crandall 
Cc: Willy Tarreau 
Cc: Hannes Frederic Sowa 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

inetpeer: get rid of ip_id_count

2014-08-14T00:42:35+00:00

[ Upstream commit 73f156a6e8c1074ac6327e0abd1169e95eb66463 ]

Ideally, we would need to generate IP ID using a per destination IP
generator.

linux kernels used inet_peer cache for this purpose, but this had a huge
cost on servers disabling MTU discovery.

1) each inet_peer struct consumes 192 bytes

2) inetpeer cache uses a binary tree of inet_peer structs,
   with a nominal size of ~66000 elements under load.

3) lookups in this tree are hitting a lot of cache lines, as tree depth
   is about 20.

4) If server deals with many tcp flows, we have a high probability of
   not finding the inet_peer, allocating a fresh one, inserting it in
   the tree with same initial ip_id_count, (cf secure_ip_id())

5) We garbage collect inet_peer aggressively.

IP ID generation do not have to be 'perfect'

Goal is trying to avoid duplicates in a short period of time,
so that reassembly units have a chance to complete reassembly of
fragments belonging to one message before receiving other fragments
with a recycled ID.

We simply use an array of generators, and a Jenkin hash using the dst IP
as a key.

ipv6_select_ident() is put back into net/ipv6/ip6_output.c where it
belongs (it is only used from this file)

secure_ip_id() and secure_ipv6_id() no longer are needed.

Rename ip_select_ident_more() to ip_select_ident_segs() to avoid
unnecessary decrement/increment of the number of segments.

Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

Revert: "net: ip, ipv6: handle gso skbs in forwarding path"

2014-08-07T19:00:11+00:00

This reverts commit 29a3cd46644ec8098dbe1c12f89643b5c11831a9 which is
commit fe6cc55f3a9a053482a76f5a6b2257cee51b4663 upstream.

Cc: Herbert Xu 
Cc: Marcelo Ricardo Leitner 
Cc: Florian Westphal 
Cc: David S. Miller 
Cc: Thomas Jarosch 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

net: fix inet_getid() and ipv6_select_ident() bugs

2014-06-26T19:10:28+00:00

[ Upstream commit 39c36094d78c39e038c1e499b2364e13bce36f54 ]

I noticed we were sending wrong IPv4 ID in TCP flows when MTU discovery
is disabled.
Note how GSO/TSO packets do not have monotonically incrementing ID.

06:37:41.575531 IP (id 14227, proto: TCP (6), length: 4396)
06:37:41.575534 IP (id 14272, proto: TCP (6), length: 65212)
06:37:41.575544 IP (id 14312, proto: TCP (6), length: 57972)
06:37:41.575678 IP (id 14317, proto: TCP (6), length: 7292)
06:37:41.575683 IP (id 14361, proto: TCP (6), length: 63764)

It appears I introduced this bug in linux-3.1.

inet_getid() must return the old value of peer->ip_id_count,
not the new one.

Lets revert this part, and remove the prevention of
a null identification field in IPv6 Fragment Extension Header,
which is dubious and not even done properly.

Fixes: 87c48fa3b463 ("ipv6: make fragment identifications less predictable")
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

ipv6: some ipv6 statistic counters failed to disable bh

2014-04-27T00:13:18+00:00

[ Upstream commit 43a43b6040165f7b40b5b489fe61a4cb7f8c4980 ]

After commit c15b1ccadb323ea ("ipv6: move DAD and addrconf_verify
processing to workqueue") some counters are now updated in process context
and thus need to disable bh before doing so, otherwise deadlocks can
happen on 32-bit archs. Fabio Estevam noticed this while while mounting
a NFS volume on an ARM board.

As a compensation for missing this I looked after the other *_STATS_BH
and found three other calls which need updating:

1) icmp6_send: ip6_fragment -> icmpv6_send -> icmp6_send (error handling)
2) ip6_push_pending_frames: rawv6_sendmsg -> rawv6_push_pending_frames -> ...
   (only in case of icmp protocol with raw sockets in error handling)
3) ping6_v6_sendmsg (error handling)

Fixes: c15b1ccadb323ea ("ipv6: move DAD and addrconf_verify processing to workqueue")
Reported-by: Fabio Estevam 
Tested-by: Fabio Estevam 
Cc: Eric Dumazet 
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

ipv6: ip6_append_data_mtu do not handle the mtu of the second fragment properly

2014-04-27T00:13:17+00:00

[ Upstream commit e367c2d03dba4c9bcafad24688fadb79dd95b218 ]

In ip6_append_data_mtu(), when the xfrm mode is not tunnel(such as
transport),the ipsec header need to be added in the first fragment, so the mtu
will decrease to reserve space for it, then the second fragment come, the mtu
should be turn back, as the commit 0c1833797a5a6ec23ea9261d979aa18078720b74
said.  however, in the commit a493e60ac4bbe2e977e7129d6d8cbb0dd236be, it use
*mtu = min(*mtu, ...) to change the mtu, which lead to the new mtu is alway
equal with the first fragment's. and cannot turn back.

when I test through  ping6 -c1 -s5000 $ip (mtu=1280):
...frag (0|1232) ESP(spi=0x00002000,seq=0xb), length 1232
...frag (1232|1216)
...frag (2448|1216)
...frag (3664|1216)
...frag (4880|164)

which should be:
...frag (0|1232) ESP(spi=0x00001000,seq=0x1), length 1232
...frag (1232|1232)
...frag (2464|1232)
...frag (3696|1232)
...frag (4928|116)

so delete the min() when change back the mtu.

Signed-off-by: Xin Long 
Fixes: 75a493e60ac4bb ("ipv6: ip6_append_data_mtu did not care about pmtudisc and frag_size")
Acked-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

net: ip, ipv6: handle gso skbs in forwarding path

2014-03-11T23:09:59+00:00

commit fe6cc55f3a9a053482a76f5a6b2257cee51b4663 upstream.

[ use zero netdev_feature mask to avoid backport of
  netif_skb_dev_features function ]

Marcelo Ricardo Leitner reported problems when the forwarding link path
has a lower mtu than the incoming one if the inbound interface supports GRO.

Given:
Host  R1  R2

Host sends tcp stream which is routed via R1 and R2.  R1 performs GRO.

In this case, the kernel will fail to send ICMP fragmentation needed
messages (or pkt too big for ipv6), as GSO packets currently bypass dstmtu
checks in forward path. Instead, Linux tries to send out packets exceeding
the mtu.

When locking route MTU on Host (i.e., no ipv4 DF bit set), R1 does
not fragment the packets when forwarding, and again tries to send out
packets exceeding R1-R2 link mtu.

This alters the forwarding dstmtu checks to take the individual gso
segment lengths into account.

For ipv6, we send out pkt too big error for gso if the individual
segments are too big.

For ipv4, we either send icmp fragmentation needed, or, if the DF bit
is not set, perform software segmentation and let the output path
create fragments when the packet is leaving the machine.
It is not 100% correct as the error message will contain the headers of
the GRO skb instead of the original/segmented one, but it seems to
work fine in my (limited) tests.

Eric Dumazet suggested to simply shrink mss via ->gso_size to avoid
sofware segmentation.

However it turns out that skb_segment() assumes skb nr_frags is related
to mss size so we would BUG there.  I don't want to mess with it considering
Herbert and Eric disagree on what the correct behavior should be.

Hannes Frederic Sowa notes that when we would shrink gso_size
skb_segment would then also need to deal with the case where
SKB_MAX_FRAGS would be exceeded.

This uses sofware segmentation in the forward path when we hit ipv4
non-DF packets and the outgoing link mtu is too small.  Its not perfect,
but given the lack of bug reports wrt. GRO fwd being broken this is a
rare case anyway.  Also its not like this could not be improved later
once the dust settles.

Acked-by: Herbert Xu 
Reported-by: Marcelo Ricardo Leitner 
Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

ipv6: fix possible seqlock deadlock in ip6_finish_output2

2013-12-08T15:29:42+00:00

[ Upstream commit 7f88c6b23afbd31545c676dea77ba9593a1a14bf ]

IPv6 stats are 64 bits and thus are protected with a seqlock. By not
disabling bottom-half we could deadlock here if we don't disable bh and
a softirq reentrantly updates the same mib.

Cc: Eric Dumazet 
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa 
Acked-by: Eric Dumazet 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

inet: fix possible memory corruption with UDP_CORK and UFO

2013-11-04T12:23:41+00:00

[ This is a simplified -stable version of a set of upstream commits. ]

This is a replacement patch only for stable which does fix the problems
handled by the following two commits in -net:

"ip_output: do skb ufo init for peeked non ufo skb as well" (e93b7d748be887cd7639b113ba7d7ef792a7efb9)
"ip6_output: do skb ufo init for peeked non ufo skb as well" (c547dbf55d5f8cf615ccc0e7265e98db27d3fb8b)

Three frames are written on a corked udp socket for which the output
netdevice has UFO enabled.  If the first and third frame are smaller than
the mtu and the second one is bigger, we enqueue the second frame with
skb_append_datato_frags without initializing the gso fields. This leads
to the third frame appended regulary and thus constructing an invalid skb.

This fixes the problem by always using skb_append_datato_frags as soon
as the first frag got enqueued to the skb without marking the packet
as SKB_GSO_UDP.

The problem with only two frames for ipv6 was fixed by "ipv6: udp
packets following an UFO enqueued packet need also be handled by UFO"
(2811ebac2521ceac84f2bdae402455baa6a7fb47).

Cc: Jiri Pirko 
Cc: Eric Dumazet 
Cc: David Miller 
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

ipv6: udp packets following an UFO enqueued packet need also be handled by UFO

2013-10-13T22:42:48+00:00

[ Upstream commit 2811ebac2521ceac84f2bdae402455baa6a7fb47 ]

In the following scenario the socket is corked:
If the first UDP packet is larger then the mtu we try to append it to the
write queue via ip6_ufo_append_data. A following packet, which is smaller
than the mtu would be appended to the already queued up gso-skb via
plain ip6_append_data. This causes random memory corruptions.

In ip6_ufo_append_data we also have to be careful to not queue up the
same skb multiple times. So setup the gso frame only when no first skb
is available.

This also fixes a shortcoming where we add the current packet's length to
cork->length but return early because of a packet > mtu with dontfrag set
(instead of sutracting it again).

Found with trinity.

Cc: YOSHIFUJI Hideaki 
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa 
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman