<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux-stable.git/net/ipv4/tcp_timer.c, branch v5.6</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel stable tree</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>tcp: export count for rehash attempts</title>
<updated>2020-01-26T14:28:47+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Abdul Kabbani</name>
<email>akabbani@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2020-01-24T21:34:02+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=32efcc06d2a15fa87585614d12d6c2308cc2d3f3'/>
<id>32efcc06d2a15fa87585614d12d6c2308cc2d3f3</id>
<content type='text'>
Using IPv6 flow-label to swiftly route around avoid congested or
disconnected network path can greatly improve TCP reliability.

This patch adds SNMP counters and a OPT_STATS counter to track both
host-level and connection-level statistics. Network administrators
can use these counters to evaluate the impact of this new ability better.

Export count for rehash attempts to
1) two SNMP counters: TcpTimeoutRehash (rehash due to timeouts),
   and TcpDuplicateDataRehash (rehash due to receiving duplicate
   packets)
2) Timestamping API SOF_TIMESTAMPING_OPT_STATS.

Signed-off-by: Abdul Kabbani &lt;akabbani@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Neal Cardwell &lt;ncardwell@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Yuchung Cheng &lt;ycheng@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Kevin(Yudong) Yang &lt;yyd@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Using IPv6 flow-label to swiftly route around avoid congested or
disconnected network path can greatly improve TCP reliability.

This patch adds SNMP counters and a OPT_STATS counter to track both
host-level and connection-level statistics. Network administrators
can use these counters to evaluate the impact of this new ability better.

Export count for rehash attempts to
1) two SNMP counters: TcpTimeoutRehash (rehash due to timeouts),
   and TcpDuplicateDataRehash (rehash due to receiving duplicate
   packets)
2) Timestamping API SOF_TIMESTAMPING_OPT_STATS.

Signed-off-by: Abdul Kabbani &lt;akabbani@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Neal Cardwell &lt;ncardwell@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Yuchung Cheng &lt;ycheng@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Kevin(Yudong) Yang &lt;yyd@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>tcp: refactor tcp_retransmit_timer()</title>
<updated>2019-12-03T19:52:38+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Eric Dumazet</name>
<email>edumazet@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2019-12-03T16:05:52+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=0d580fbd2db084a5c96ee9c00492236a279d5e0f'/>
<id>0d580fbd2db084a5c96ee9c00492236a279d5e0f</id>
<content type='text'>
It appears linux-4.14 stable needs a backport of commit
88f8598d0a30 ("tcp: exit if nothing to retransmit on RTO timeout")

Since tcp_rtx_queue_empty() is not in pre 4.15 kernels,
let's refactor tcp_retransmit_timer() to only use tcp_rtx_queue_head()

I will provide to stable teams the squashed patches.

Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Cc: Willem de Bruijn &lt;willemb@google.com&gt;
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Acked-by: Soheil Hassas Yeganeh &lt;soheil@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
It appears linux-4.14 stable needs a backport of commit
88f8598d0a30 ("tcp: exit if nothing to retransmit on RTO timeout")

Since tcp_rtx_queue_empty() is not in pre 4.15 kernels,
let's refactor tcp_retransmit_timer() to only use tcp_rtx_queue_head()

I will provide to stable teams the squashed patches.

Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Cc: Willem de Bruijn &lt;willemb@google.com&gt;
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Acked-by: Soheil Hassas Yeganeh &lt;soheil@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>tcp: add rcu protection around tp-&gt;fastopen_rsk</title>
<updated>2019-10-13T17:13:08+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Eric Dumazet</name>
<email>edumazet@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2019-10-11T03:17:38+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=d983ea6f16b835dcde2ee9a58a1e764ce68bfccc'/>
<id>d983ea6f16b835dcde2ee9a58a1e764ce68bfccc</id>
<content type='text'>
Both tcp_v4_err() and tcp_v6_err() do the following operations
while they do not own the socket lock :

	fastopen = tp-&gt;fastopen_rsk;
 	snd_una = fastopen ? tcp_rsk(fastopen)-&gt;snt_isn : tp-&gt;snd_una;

The problem is that without appropriate barrier, the compiler
might reload tp-&gt;fastopen_rsk and trigger a NULL deref.

request sockets are protected by RCU, we can simply add
the missing annotations and barriers to solve the issue.

Fixes: 168a8f58059a ("tcp: TCP Fast Open Server - main code path")
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Both tcp_v4_err() and tcp_v6_err() do the following operations
while they do not own the socket lock :

	fastopen = tp-&gt;fastopen_rsk;
 	snd_una = fastopen ? tcp_rsk(fastopen)-&gt;snt_isn : tp-&gt;snd_una;

The problem is that without appropriate barrier, the compiler
might reload tp-&gt;fastopen_rsk and trigger a NULL deref.

request sockets are protected by RCU, we can simply add
the missing annotations and barriers to solve the issue.

Fixes: 168a8f58059a ("tcp: TCP Fast Open Server - main code path")
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>tcp: adjust rto_base in retransmits_timed_out()</title>
<updated>2019-10-02T01:40:49+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Eric Dumazet</name>
<email>edumazet@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2019-09-30T22:44:44+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=3256a2d6ab1f71f9a1bd2d7f6f18eb8108c48d17'/>
<id>3256a2d6ab1f71f9a1bd2d7f6f18eb8108c48d17</id>
<content type='text'>
The cited commit exposed an old retransmits_timed_out() bug
which assumed it could call tcp_model_timeout() with
TCP_RTO_MIN as rto_base for all states.

But flows in SYN_SENT or SYN_RECV state uses a different
RTO base (1 sec instead of 200 ms, unless BPF choses
another value)

This caused a reduction of SYN retransmits from 6 to 4 with
the default /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syn_retries value.

Fixes: a41e8a88b06e ("tcp: better handle TCP_USER_TIMEOUT in SYN_SENT state")
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Cc: Yuchung Cheng &lt;ycheng@google.com&gt;
Cc: Marek Majkowski &lt;marek@cloudflare.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The cited commit exposed an old retransmits_timed_out() bug
which assumed it could call tcp_model_timeout() with
TCP_RTO_MIN as rto_base for all states.

But flows in SYN_SENT or SYN_RECV state uses a different
RTO base (1 sec instead of 200 ms, unless BPF choses
another value)

This caused a reduction of SYN retransmits from 6 to 4 with
the default /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syn_retries value.

Fixes: a41e8a88b06e ("tcp: better handle TCP_USER_TIMEOUT in SYN_SENT state")
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Cc: Yuchung Cheng &lt;ycheng@google.com&gt;
Cc: Marek Majkowski &lt;marek@cloudflare.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>tcp: better handle TCP_USER_TIMEOUT in SYN_SENT state</title>
<updated>2019-09-27T18:42:24+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Eric Dumazet</name>
<email>edumazet@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2019-09-26T22:42:51+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=a41e8a88b06ee39fad4cb4a8ccf822563560a89c'/>
<id>a41e8a88b06ee39fad4cb4a8ccf822563560a89c</id>
<content type='text'>
Yuchung Cheng and Marek Majkowski independently reported a weird
behavior of TCP_USER_TIMEOUT option when used at connect() time.

When the TCP_USER_TIMEOUT is reached, tcp_write_timeout()
believes the flow should live, and the following condition
in tcp_clamp_rto_to_user_timeout() programs one jiffie timers :

    remaining = icsk-&gt;icsk_user_timeout - elapsed;
    if (remaining &lt;= 0)
        return 1; /* user timeout has passed; fire ASAP */

This silly situation ends when the max syn rtx count is reached.

This patch makes sure we honor both TCP_SYNCNT and TCP_USER_TIMEOUT,
avoiding these spurious SYN packets.

Fixes: b701a99e431d ("tcp: Add tcp_clamp_rto_to_user_timeout() helper to improve accuracy")
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Reported-by: Yuchung Cheng &lt;ycheng@google.com&gt;
Reported-by: Marek Majkowski &lt;marek@cloudflare.com&gt;
Cc: Jon Maxwell &lt;jmaxwell37@gmail.com&gt;
Link: https://marc.info/?l=linux-netdev&amp;m=156940118307949&amp;w=2
Acked-by: Jon Maxwell &lt;jmaxwell37@gmail.com&gt;
Tested-by: Marek Majkowski &lt;marek@cloudflare.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Marek Majkowski &lt;marek@cloudflare.com&gt;
Acked-by: Yuchung Cheng &lt;ycheng@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Yuchung Cheng and Marek Majkowski independently reported a weird
behavior of TCP_USER_TIMEOUT option when used at connect() time.

When the TCP_USER_TIMEOUT is reached, tcp_write_timeout()
believes the flow should live, and the following condition
in tcp_clamp_rto_to_user_timeout() programs one jiffie timers :

    remaining = icsk-&gt;icsk_user_timeout - elapsed;
    if (remaining &lt;= 0)
        return 1; /* user timeout has passed; fire ASAP */

This silly situation ends when the max syn rtx count is reached.

This patch makes sure we honor both TCP_SYNCNT and TCP_USER_TIMEOUT,
avoiding these spurious SYN packets.

Fixes: b701a99e431d ("tcp: Add tcp_clamp_rto_to_user_timeout() helper to improve accuracy")
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Reported-by: Yuchung Cheng &lt;ycheng@google.com&gt;
Reported-by: Marek Majkowski &lt;marek@cloudflare.com&gt;
Cc: Jon Maxwell &lt;jmaxwell37@gmail.com&gt;
Link: https://marc.info/?l=linux-netdev&amp;m=156940118307949&amp;w=2
Acked-by: Jon Maxwell &lt;jmaxwell37@gmail.com&gt;
Tested-by: Marek Majkowski &lt;marek@cloudflare.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Marek Majkowski &lt;marek@cloudflare.com&gt;
Acked-by: Yuchung Cheng &lt;ycheng@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>tcp: add new tcp_mtu_probe_floor sysctl</title>
<updated>2019-08-09T20:03:30+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Josh Hunt</name>
<email>johunt@akamai.com</email>
</author>
<published>2019-08-07T23:52:29+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=c04b79b6cfd714144f6a2cf359603d82ee631e62'/>
<id>c04b79b6cfd714144f6a2cf359603d82ee631e62</id>
<content type='text'>
The current implementation of TCP MTU probing can considerably
underestimate the MTU on lossy connections allowing the MSS to get down to
48. We have found that in almost all of these cases on our networks these
paths can handle much larger MTUs meaning the connections are being
artificially limited. Even though TCP MTU probing can raise the MSS back up
we have seen this not to be the case causing connections to be "stuck" with
an MSS of 48 when heavy loss is present.

Prior to pushing out this change we could not keep TCP MTU probing enabled
b/c of the above reasons. Now with a reasonble floor set we've had it
enabled for the past 6 months.

The new sysctl will still default to TCP_MIN_SND_MSS (48), but gives
administrators the ability to control the floor of MSS probing.

Signed-off-by: Josh Hunt &lt;johunt@akamai.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Acked-by: Neal Cardwell &lt;ncardwell@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The current implementation of TCP MTU probing can considerably
underestimate the MTU on lossy connections allowing the MSS to get down to
48. We have found that in almost all of these cases on our networks these
paths can handle much larger MTUs meaning the connections are being
artificially limited. Even though TCP MTU probing can raise the MSS back up
we have seen this not to be the case causing connections to be "stuck" with
an MSS of 48 when heavy loss is present.

Prior to pushing out this change we could not keep TCP MTU probing enabled
b/c of the above reasons. Now with a reasonble floor set we've had it
enabled for the past 6 months.

The new sysctl will still default to TCP_MIN_SND_MSS (48), but gives
administrators the ability to control the floor of MSS probing.

Signed-off-by: Josh Hunt &lt;johunt@akamai.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Acked-by: Neal Cardwell &lt;ncardwell@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>tcp: enforce tcp_min_snd_mss in tcp_mtu_probing()</title>
<updated>2019-06-16T01:47:31+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Eric Dumazet</name>
<email>edumazet@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2019-06-08T17:22:49+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=967c05aee439e6e5d7d805e195b3a20ef5c433d6'/>
<id>967c05aee439e6e5d7d805e195b3a20ef5c433d6</id>
<content type='text'>
If mtu probing is enabled tcp_mtu_probing() could very well end up
with a too small MSS.

Use the new sysctl tcp_min_snd_mss to make sure MSS search
is performed in an acceptable range.

CVE-2019-11479 -- tcp mss hardcoded to 48

Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Reported-by: Jonathan Lemon &lt;jonathan.lemon@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Jonathan Looney &lt;jtl@netflix.com&gt;
Acked-by: Neal Cardwell &lt;ncardwell@google.com&gt;
Cc: Yuchung Cheng &lt;ycheng@google.com&gt;
Cc: Tyler Hicks &lt;tyhicks@canonical.com&gt;
Cc: Bruce Curtis &lt;brucec@netflix.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
If mtu probing is enabled tcp_mtu_probing() could very well end up
with a too small MSS.

Use the new sysctl tcp_min_snd_mss to make sure MSS search
is performed in an acceptable range.

CVE-2019-11479 -- tcp mss hardcoded to 48

Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Reported-by: Jonathan Lemon &lt;jonathan.lemon@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Jonathan Looney &lt;jtl@netflix.com&gt;
Acked-by: Neal Cardwell &lt;ncardwell@google.com&gt;
Cc: Yuchung Cheng &lt;ycheng@google.com&gt;
Cc: Tyler Hicks &lt;tyhicks@canonical.com&gt;
Cc: Bruce Curtis &lt;brucec@netflix.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>treewide: Add SPDX license identifier for missed files</title>
<updated>2019-05-21T08:50:45+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Thomas Gleixner</name>
<email>tglx@linutronix.de</email>
</author>
<published>2019-05-19T12:08:55+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=457c89965399115e5cd8bf38f9c597293405703d'/>
<id>457c89965399115e5cd8bf38f9c597293405703d</id>
<content type='text'>
Add SPDX license identifiers to all files which:

 - Have no license information of any form

 - Have EXPORT_.*_SYMBOL_GPL inside which was used in the
   initial scan/conversion to ignore the file

These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX
license identifier is:

  GPL-2.0-only

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner &lt;tglx@linutronix.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Add SPDX license identifiers to all files which:

 - Have no license information of any form

 - Have EXPORT_.*_SYMBOL_GPL inside which was used in the
   initial scan/conversion to ignore the file

These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX
license identifier is:

  GPL-2.0-only

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner &lt;tglx@linutronix.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>tcp: lower congestion window on Fast Open SYNACK timeout</title>
<updated>2019-05-01T15:47:54+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Yuchung Cheng</name>
<email>ycheng@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2019-04-29T22:46:17+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=8c3cfe19feac41065bb88bc14b36c318b26847a9'/>
<id>8c3cfe19feac41065bb88bc14b36c318b26847a9</id>
<content type='text'>
TCP sender would use congestion window of 1 packet on the second SYN
and SYNACK timeout except passive TCP Fast Open. This makes passive
TFO too aggressive and unfair during congestion at handshake. This
patch fixes this issue so TCP (fast open or not, passive or active)
always conforms to the RFC6298.

Note that tcp_enter_loss() is called only once during recurring
timeouts.  This is because during handshake, high_seq and snd_una
are the same so tcp_enter_loss() would incorrect set the undo state
variables multiple times.

Signed-off-by: Yuchung Cheng &lt;ycheng@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Neal Cardwell &lt;ncardwell@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
TCP sender would use congestion window of 1 packet on the second SYN
and SYNACK timeout except passive TCP Fast Open. This makes passive
TFO too aggressive and unfair during congestion at handshake. This
patch fixes this issue so TCP (fast open or not, passive or active)
always conforms to the RFC6298.

Note that tcp_enter_loss() is called only once during recurring
timeouts.  This is because during handshake, high_seq and snd_una
are the same so tcp_enter_loss() would incorrect set the undo state
variables multiple times.

Signed-off-by: Yuchung Cheng &lt;ycheng@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Neal Cardwell &lt;ncardwell@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>tcp: Refactor pingpong code</title>
<updated>2019-01-27T21:29:43+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Wei Wang</name>
<email>weiwan@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2019-01-25T18:53:19+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=31954cd8bb667030b1c0d3d77f28fe71f06999f9'/>
<id>31954cd8bb667030b1c0d3d77f28fe71f06999f9</id>
<content type='text'>
Instead of using pingpong as a single bit information, we refactor the
code to treat it as a counter. When interactive session is detected,
we set pingpong count to TCP_PINGPONG_THRESH. And when pingpong count
is &gt;= TCP_PINGPONG_THRESH, we consider the session in pingpong mode.

This patch is a pure refactor and sets foundation for the next patch.
This patch itself does not change any pingpong logic.

Signed-off-by: Wei Wang &lt;weiwan@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Yuchung Cheng &lt;ycheng@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Instead of using pingpong as a single bit information, we refactor the
code to treat it as a counter. When interactive session is detected,
we set pingpong count to TCP_PINGPONG_THRESH. And when pingpong count
is &gt;= TCP_PINGPONG_THRESH, we consider the session in pingpong mode.

This patch is a pure refactor and sets foundation for the next patch.
This patch itself does not change any pingpong logic.

Signed-off-by: Wei Wang &lt;weiwan@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Yuchung Cheng &lt;ycheng@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
</pre>
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