linux-stable.git/mm/swapfile.c, branch linux-4.2.y

vfs: add seq_file_path() helper

2015-06-23T22:01:07+00:00

Turn
	seq_path(..., &file->f_path, ...);
into
	seq_file_path(..., file, ...);

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi 
Signed-off-by: Al Viro

mm: remove rest of ACCESS_ONCE() usages

2015-04-15T23:35:18+00:00

We converted some of the usages of ACCESS_ONCE to READ_ONCE in the mm/
tree since it doesn't work reliably on non-scalar types.

This patch removes the rest of the usages of ACCESS_ONCE, and use the new
READ_ONCE API for the read accesses.  This makes things cleaner, instead
of using separate/multiple sets of APIs.

Signed-off-by: Jason Low 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Acked-by: Davidlohr Bueso 
Acked-by: Rik van Riel 
Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: page_cgroup: rename file to mm/swap_cgroup.c

2014-12-11T01:41:09+00:00

Now that the external page_cgroup data structure and its lookup is gone,
the only code remaining in there is swap slot accounting.

Rename it and move the conditional compilation into mm/Makefile.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov 
Acked-by: David S. Miller 
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki 
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" 
Cc: Tejun Heo 
Cc: Joonsoo Kim 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: memcontrol: rewrite uncharge API

2014-08-08T22:57:17+00:00

The memcg uncharging code that is involved towards the end of a page's
lifetime - truncation, reclaim, swapout, migration - is impressively
complicated and fragile.

Because anonymous and file pages were always charged before they had their
page->mapping established, uncharges had to happen when the page type
could still be known from the context; as in unmap for anonymous, page
cache removal for file and shmem pages, and swap cache truncation for swap
pages.  However, these operations happen well before the page is actually
freed, and so a lot of synchronization is necessary:

- Charging, uncharging, page migration, and charge migration all need
  to take a per-page bit spinlock as they could race with uncharging.

- Swap cache truncation happens during both swap-in and swap-out, and
  possibly repeatedly before the page is actually freed.  This means
  that the memcg swapout code is called from many contexts that make
  no sense and it has to figure out the direction from page state to
  make sure memory and memory+swap are always correctly charged.

- On page migration, the old page might be unmapped but then reused,
  so memcg code has to prevent untimely uncharging in that case.
  Because this code - which should be a simple charge transfer - is so
  special-cased, it is not reusable for replace_page_cache().

But now that charged pages always have a page->mapping, introduce
mem_cgroup_uncharge(), which is called after the final put_page(), when we
know for sure that nobody is looking at the page anymore.

For page migration, introduce mem_cgroup_migrate(), which is called after
the migration is successful and the new page is fully rmapped.  Because
the old page is no longer uncharged after migration, prevent double
charges by decoupling the page's memcg association (PCG_USED and
pc->mem_cgroup) from the page holding an actual charge.  The new bits
PCG_MEM and PCG_MEMSW represent the respective charges and are transferred
to the new page during migration.

mem_cgroup_migrate() is suitable for replace_page_cache() as well,
which gets rid of mem_cgroup_replace_page_cache().  However, care
needs to be taken because both the source and the target page can
already be charged and on the LRU when fuse is splicing: grab the page
lock on the charge moving side to prevent changing pc->mem_cgroup of a
page under migration.  Also, the lruvecs of both pages change as we
uncharge the old and charge the new during migration, and putback may
race with us, so grab the lru lock and isolate the pages iff on LRU to
prevent races and ensure the pages are on the right lruvec afterward.

Swap accounting is massively simplified: because the page is no longer
uncharged as early as swap cache deletion, a new mem_cgroup_swapout() can
transfer the page's memory+swap charge (PCG_MEMSW) to the swap entry
before the final put_page() in page reclaim.

Finally, page_cgroup changes are now protected by whatever protection the
page itself offers: anonymous pages are charged under the page table lock,
whereas page cache insertions, swapin, and migration hold the page lock.
Uncharging happens under full exclusion with no outstanding references.
Charging and uncharging also ensure that the page is off-LRU, which
serializes against charge migration.  Remove the very costly page_cgroup
lock and set pc->flags non-atomically.

[mhocko@suse.cz: mem_cgroup_charge_statistics needs preempt_disable]
[vdavydov@parallels.com: fix flags definition]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: Hugh Dickins 
Cc: Tejun Heo 
Cc: Vladimir Davydov 
Tested-by: Jet Chen 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Tested-by: Felipe Balbi 
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: memcontrol: rewrite charge API

2014-08-08T22:57:17+00:00

These patches rework memcg charge lifetime to integrate more naturally
with the lifetime of user pages.  This drastically simplifies the code and
reduces charging and uncharging overhead.  The most expensive part of
charging and uncharging is the page_cgroup bit spinlock, which is removed
entirely after this series.

Here are the top-10 profile entries of a stress test that reads a 128G
sparse file on a freshly booted box, without even a dedicated cgroup (i.e.
 executing in the root memcg).  Before:

    15.36%              cat  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] copy_user_generic_string
    13.31%              cat  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] memset
    11.48%              cat  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] do_mpage_readpage
     4.23%              cat  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] get_page_from_freelist
     2.38%              cat  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] put_page
     2.32%              cat  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] __mem_cgroup_commit_charge
     2.18%          kswapd0  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] __mem_cgroup_uncharge_common
     1.92%          kswapd0  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] shrink_page_list
     1.86%              cat  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] __radix_tree_lookup
     1.62%              cat  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] __pagevec_lru_add_fn

After:

    15.67%           cat  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] copy_user_generic_string
    13.48%           cat  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] memset
    11.42%           cat  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] do_mpage_readpage
     3.98%           cat  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] get_page_from_freelist
     2.46%           cat  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] put_page
     2.13%       kswapd0  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] shrink_page_list
     1.88%           cat  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] __radix_tree_lookup
     1.67%           cat  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] __pagevec_lru_add_fn
     1.39%       kswapd0  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] free_pcppages_bulk
     1.30%           cat  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] kfree

As you can see, the memcg footprint has shrunk quite a bit.

   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
  37970    9892     400   48262    bc86 mm/memcontrol.o.old
  35239    9892     400   45531    b1db mm/memcontrol.o

This patch (of 4):

The memcg charge API charges pages before they are rmapped - i.e.  have an
actual "type" - and so every callsite needs its own set of charge and
uncharge functions to know what type is being operated on.  Worse,
uncharge has to happen from a context that is still type-specific, rather
than at the end of the page's lifetime with exclusive access, and so
requires a lot of synchronization.

Rewrite the charge API to provide a generic set of try_charge(),
commit_charge() and cancel_charge() transaction operations, much like
what's currently done for swap-in:

  mem_cgroup_try_charge() attempts to reserve a charge, reclaiming
  pages from the memcg if necessary.

  mem_cgroup_commit_charge() commits the page to the charge once it
  has a valid page->mapping and PageAnon() reliably tells the type.

  mem_cgroup_cancel_charge() aborts the transaction.

This reduces the charge API and enables subsequent patches to
drastically simplify uncharging.

As pages need to be committed after rmap is established but before they
are added to the LRU, page_add_new_anon_rmap() must stop doing LRU
additions again.  Revive lru_cache_add_active_or_unevictable().

[hughd@google.com: fix shmem_unuse]
[hughd@google.com: Add comments on the private use of -EAGAIN]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Tejun Heo 
Cc: Vladimir Davydov 
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins 
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/swapfile.c: delete the "last_in_cluster < scan_base" loop in the body of scan_swap_map()

2014-06-04T23:54:12+00:00

Via commit ebc2a1a69111 ("swap: make cluster allocation per-cpu"), we
can find that all SWP_SOLIDSTATE "seek is cheap"(SSD case) has already
gone to si->cluster_info scan_swap_map_try_ssd_cluster() route.  So that
the "last_in_cluster < scan_base" loop in the body of scan_swap_map()
has already become a dead code snippet, and it should have been deleted.

This patch is to delete the redundant loop as Hugh and Shaohua
suggested.

[hughd@google.com: fix comment, simplify code]
Signed-off-by: Chen Yucong 
Cc: Shaohua Li 
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

swap: change swap_list_head to plist, add swap_avail_head

2014-06-04T23:54:07+00:00

Originally get_swap_page() started iterating through the singly-linked
list of swap_info_structs using swap_list.next or highest_priority_index,
which both were intended to point to the highest priority active swap
target that was not full.  The first patch in this series changed the
singly-linked list to a doubly-linked list, and removed the logic to start
at the highest priority non-full entry; it starts scanning at the highest
priority entry each time, even if the entry is full.

Replace the manually ordered swap_list_head with a plist, swap_active_head.
Add a new plist, swap_avail_head.  The original swap_active_head plist
contains all active swap_info_structs, as before, while the new
swap_avail_head plist contains only swap_info_structs that are active and
available, i.e. not full.  Add a new spinlock, swap_avail_lock, to protect
the swap_avail_head list.

Mel Gorman suggested using plists since they internally handle ordering
the list entries based on priority, which is exactly what swap was doing
manually.  All the ordering code is now removed, and swap_info_struct
entries and simply added to their corresponding plist and automatically
ordered correctly.

Using a new plist for available swap_info_structs simplifies and
optimizes get_swap_page(), which no longer has to iterate over full
swap_info_structs.  Using a new spinlock for swap_avail_head plist
allows each swap_info_struct to add or remove themselves from the
plist when they become full or not-full; previously they could not
do so because the swap_info_struct->lock is held when they change
from full<->not-full, and the swap_lock protecting the main
swap_active_head must be ordered before any swap_info_struct->lock.

Signed-off-by: Dan Streetman 
Acked-by: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Shaohua Li 
Cc: Steven Rostedt 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Hugh Dickins 
Cc: Dan Streetman 
Cc: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Christian Ehrhardt 
Cc: Weijie Yang 
Cc: Rik van Riel 
Cc: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: Bob Liu 
Cc: Paul Gortmaker 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

swap: change swap_info singly-linked list to list_head

2014-06-04T23:54:07+00:00

The logic controlling the singly-linked list of swap_info_struct entries
for all active, i.e.  swapon'ed, swap targets is rather complex, because:

 - it stores the entries in priority order
 - there is a pointer to the highest priority entry
 - there is a pointer to the highest priority not-full entry
 - there is a highest_priority_index variable set outside the swap_lock
 - swap entries of equal priority should be used equally

this complexity leads to bugs such as: https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/2/13/181
where different priority swap targets are incorrectly used equally.

That bug probably could be solved with the existing singly-linked lists,
but I think it would only add more complexity to the already difficult to
understand get_swap_page() swap_list iteration logic.

The first patch changes from a singly-linked list to a doubly-linked list
using list_heads; the highest_priority_index and related code are removed
and get_swap_page() starts each iteration at the highest priority
swap_info entry, even if it's full.  While this does introduce unnecessary
list iteration (i.e.  Schlemiel the painter's algorithm) in the case where
one or more of the highest priority entries are full, the iteration and
manipulation code is much simpler and behaves correctly re: the above bug;
and the fourth patch removes the unnecessary iteration.

The second patch adds some minor plist helper functions; nothing new
really, just functions to match existing regular list functions.  These
are used by the next two patches.

The third patch adds plist_requeue(), which is used by get_swap_page() in
the next patch - it performs the requeueing of same-priority entries
(which moves the entry to the end of its priority in the plist), so that
all equal-priority swap_info_structs get used equally.

The fourth patch converts the main list into a plist, and adds a new plist
that contains only swap_info entries that are both active and not full.
As Mel suggested using plists allows removing all the ordering code from
swap - plists handle ordering automatically.  The list naming is also
clarified now that there are two lists, with the original list changed
from swap_list_head to swap_active_head and the new list named
swap_avail_head.  A new spinlock is also added for the new list, so
swap_info entries can be added or removed from the new list immediately as
they become full or not full.

This patch (of 4):

Replace the singly-linked list tracking active, i.e.  swapon'ed,
swap_info_struct entries with a doubly-linked list using struct
list_heads.  Simplify the logic iterating and manipulating the list of
entries, especially get_swap_page(), by using standard list_head
functions, and removing the highest priority iteration logic.

The change fixes the bug:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/2/13/181
in which different priority swap entries after the highest priority entry
are incorrectly used equally in pairs.  The swap behavior is now as
advertised, i.e. different priority swap entries are used in order, and
equal priority swap targets are used concurrently.

Signed-off-by: Dan Streetman 
Acked-by: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Shaohua Li 
Cc: Hugh Dickins 
Cc: Dan Streetman 
Cc: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Christian Ehrhardt 
Cc: Weijie Yang 
Cc: Rik van Riel 
Cc: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: Bob Liu 
Cc: Steven Rostedt 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Paul Gortmaker 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/swap: fix race on swap_info reuse between swapoff and swapon

2014-02-06T21:48:51+00:00

swapoff clear swap_info's SWP_USED flag prematurely and free its
resources after that.  A concurrent swapon will reuse this swap_info
while its previous resources are not cleared completely.

These late freed resources are:
 - p->percpu_cluster
 - swap_cgroup_ctrl[type]
 - block_device setting
 - inode->i_flags &= ~S_SWAPFILE

This patch clears the SWP_USED flag after all its resources are freed,
so that swapon can reuse this swap_info by alloc_swap_info() safely.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tidy up code comment]
Signed-off-by: Weijie Yang 
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins 
Cc: Krzysztof Kozlowski 
Cc: 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/swapfile.c: do not skip lowest_bit in scan_swap_map() scan loop

2014-01-24T00:36:53+00:00

In the second half of scan_swap_map()'s scan loop, offset is set to
si->lowest_bit and then incremented before entering the loop for the
first time, causing si->swap_map[si->lowest_bit] to be skipped.

Signed-off-by: Jamie Liu 
Cc: Shaohua Li 
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins 
Cc: Minchan Kim 
Cc: Akinobu Mita 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds