<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux-stable.git/mm/shmem.c, branch linux-rolling-stable</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel stable tree</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>simpe_xattr: use per-sb cache</title>
<updated>2026-07-24T14:19:35+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Miklos Szeredi</name>
<email>mszeredi@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2026-06-05T13:53:19+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=86c65ca2d69b8501542991f6aca1417b2abc6261'/>
<id>86c65ca2d69b8501542991f6aca1417b2abc6261</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 1e7cd8a53b72a58a44c4d282aed95f6ce0e76db0 ]

Move the hash table to the super block to remove excessive overhead in case
of small number of xattrs per inode.

Add linked list to the inode, used for listxattr and eviction.  Listxattr
uses rcu protection to iterate the list of xattrs.

Before being made per-sb, lazy allocation was protected by inode lock.  Now
inode lock no longer provides sufficient exclusion, so use cmpxchg() to
ensure atomicity.

Though I haven't found a description of this pattern, after some research
it seems that cmpxchg_release() and READ_ONCE() should provide the
necessary memory barriers.

Use simple_xattr_free_rcu() in simple_xattrs_free(). This is needed because
the hash table is now shared between inodes and lookup on a different inode
might be running the compare function on the just freed element within the
RCU grace period.

Following stats are based on slabinfo diff, after creating 100k empty
files, then adding a "user.test=foo" xattr to each:

v7.0 (no rhashtable):
  File creation: 993.40 bytes/file
  Xattr addition: 79.99 bytes/file

v7.1-rc2 (per-inode rhashtable):
  File creation: 939.73 bytes/file
  Xattr addition: 1296.08 bytes/file

v7.1-rc2 + this patch (per-sb rhashtable)
  File creation: 946.84 bytes/file
  Xattr addition: 111.86 bytes/file

The overhead of a single xattr is reduced to nearly v7.0 levels.  The per
xattr overhead is slightly larger due to the addition of three pointers to
struct simple_xattr.

Fixes: b32c4a213698 ("xattr: add rhashtable-based simple_xattr infrastructure")
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi &lt;mszeredi@redhat.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260605135322.2632068-5-mszeredi@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) &lt;brauner@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit 1e7cd8a53b72a58a44c4d282aed95f6ce0e76db0 ]

Move the hash table to the super block to remove excessive overhead in case
of small number of xattrs per inode.

Add linked list to the inode, used for listxattr and eviction.  Listxattr
uses rcu protection to iterate the list of xattrs.

Before being made per-sb, lazy allocation was protected by inode lock.  Now
inode lock no longer provides sufficient exclusion, so use cmpxchg() to
ensure atomicity.

Though I haven't found a description of this pattern, after some research
it seems that cmpxchg_release() and READ_ONCE() should provide the
necessary memory barriers.

Use simple_xattr_free_rcu() in simple_xattrs_free(). This is needed because
the hash table is now shared between inodes and lookup on a different inode
might be running the compare function on the just freed element within the
RCU grace period.

Following stats are based on slabinfo diff, after creating 100k empty
files, then adding a "user.test=foo" xattr to each:

v7.0 (no rhashtable):
  File creation: 993.40 bytes/file
  Xattr addition: 79.99 bytes/file

v7.1-rc2 (per-inode rhashtable):
  File creation: 939.73 bytes/file
  Xattr addition: 1296.08 bytes/file

v7.1-rc2 + this patch (per-sb rhashtable)
  File creation: 946.84 bytes/file
  Xattr addition: 111.86 bytes/file

The overhead of a single xattr is reduced to nearly v7.0 levels.  The per
xattr overhead is slightly larger due to the addition of three pointers to
struct simple_xattr.

Fixes: b32c4a213698 ("xattr: add rhashtable-based simple_xattr infrastructure")
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi &lt;mszeredi@redhat.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260605135322.2632068-5-mszeredi@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) &lt;brauner@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>simple_xattr: change interface to pass struct simple_xattrs **</title>
<updated>2026-07-24T14:19:35+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Miklos Szeredi</name>
<email>mszeredi@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2026-06-05T13:53:18+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=deb90fdafd52dfd96161175faba46c3e49d20807'/>
<id>deb90fdafd52dfd96161175faba46c3e49d20807</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 076e5cef28e27febfc09b5f72544d2b857c75201 ]

Change the simple_xattr API to accept pointer-to-pointer (struct
simple_xattrs **) instead of pointer.  This allows the functions to handle
lazy allocation internally without requiring callers to use
simple_xattrs_lazy_alloc().

The simple_xattr_set(), simple_xattr_set_limited() and simple_xattr_add()
functions now handle allocation when xattrs is NULL.  simple_xattrs_free()
now also frees the xattrs structure itself and sets the pointer to NULL.

This simplifies callers and removes the need for most callers to explicitly
manage xattrs allocation and lifetime.

In shmem_initxattrs(), the total required space for all initial xattrs
(ispace) is pre-calculated and deducted from sbinfo-&gt;free_ispace.

Since this patch modifies the function to add new xattrs directly to the
inode's &amp;info-&gt;xattrs list rather than using a local temporary variable, a
failure means that the partially populated info-&gt;xattrs list remains
attached to the inode.

When the VFS caller handles the -ENOMEM error, it drops the newly created
inode via iput(), shmem_free_inode() adds freed to sbinfo-&gt;free_ispace a
second time, permanently inflating the tmpfs free space quota.

Fix by substracting already added xattrs from ispace.

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi &lt;mszeredi@redhat.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260605135322.2632068-4-mszeredi@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) &lt;brauner@kernel.org&gt;
Stable-dep-of: 1e7cd8a53b72 ("simpe_xattr: use per-sb cache")
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit 076e5cef28e27febfc09b5f72544d2b857c75201 ]

Change the simple_xattr API to accept pointer-to-pointer (struct
simple_xattrs **) instead of pointer.  This allows the functions to handle
lazy allocation internally without requiring callers to use
simple_xattrs_lazy_alloc().

The simple_xattr_set(), simple_xattr_set_limited() and simple_xattr_add()
functions now handle allocation when xattrs is NULL.  simple_xattrs_free()
now also frees the xattrs structure itself and sets the pointer to NULL.

This simplifies callers and removes the need for most callers to explicitly
manage xattrs allocation and lifetime.

In shmem_initxattrs(), the total required space for all initial xattrs
(ispace) is pre-calculated and deducted from sbinfo-&gt;free_ispace.

Since this patch modifies the function to add new xattrs directly to the
inode's &amp;info-&gt;xattrs list rather than using a local temporary variable, a
failure means that the partially populated info-&gt;xattrs list remains
attached to the inode.

When the VFS caller handles the -ENOMEM error, it drops the newly created
inode via iput(), shmem_free_inode() adds freed to sbinfo-&gt;free_ispace a
second time, permanently inflating the tmpfs free space quota.

Fix by substracting already added xattrs from ispace.

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi &lt;mszeredi@redhat.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260605135322.2632068-4-mszeredi@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) &lt;brauner@kernel.org&gt;
Stable-dep-of: 1e7cd8a53b72 ("simpe_xattr: use per-sb cache")
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>tmpfs: simplify constructing "security.foo" xattr names</title>
<updated>2026-07-24T14:19:35+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Miklos Szeredi</name>
<email>mszeredi@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2026-06-05T13:53:17+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=23f9cb9762127033456c09edd02eeaa008d2be26'/>
<id>23f9cb9762127033456c09edd02eeaa008d2be26</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 832f4de4c8ba4f19e5df1d016a09917204b17834 ]

Use kasprintf() instead of doing it with kmalloc() + 2 x memcpy().

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi &lt;mszeredi@redhat.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260605135322.2632068-3-mszeredi@redhat.com
Tested-by: Calum Mackay &lt;calum.mackay@oracle.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) &lt;brauner@kernel.org&gt;
Stable-dep-of: 1e7cd8a53b72 ("simpe_xattr: use per-sb cache")
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit 832f4de4c8ba4f19e5df1d016a09917204b17834 ]

Use kasprintf() instead of doing it with kmalloc() + 2 x memcpy().

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi &lt;mszeredi@redhat.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260605135322.2632068-3-mszeredi@redhat.com
Tested-by: Calum Mackay &lt;calum.mackay@oracle.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) &lt;brauner@kernel.org&gt;
Stable-dep-of: 1e7cd8a53b72 ("simpe_xattr: use per-sb cache")
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Merge tag 'mm-stable-2026-04-18-02-14' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm</title>
<updated>2026-04-19T15:01:17+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2026-04-19T15:01:17+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=40735a683bf844a453d7a0f91e5e3daa0abc659b'/>
<id>40735a683bf844a453d7a0f91e5e3daa0abc659b</id>
<content type='text'>
Pull more MM updates from Andrew Morton:

 - "Eliminate Dying Memory Cgroup" (Qi Zheng and Muchun Song)

   Address the longstanding "dying memcg problem". A situation wherein a
   no-longer-used memory control group will hang around for an extended
   period pointlessly consuming memory

 - "fix unexpected type conversions and potential overflows" (Qi Zheng)

   Fix a couple of potential 32-bit/64-bit issues which were identified
   during review of the "Eliminate Dying Memory Cgroup" series

 - "kho: history: track previous kernel version and kexec boot count"
   (Breno Leitao)

   Use Kexec Handover (KHO) to pass the previous kernel's version string
   and the number of kexec reboots since the last cold boot to the next
   kernel, and print it at boot time

 - "liveupdate: prevent double preservation" (Pasha Tatashin)

   Teach LUO to avoid managing the same file across different active
   sessions

 - "liveupdate: Fix module unloading and unregister API" (Pasha
   Tatashin)

   Address an issue with how LUO handles module reference counting and
   unregistration during module unloading

 - "zswap pool per-CPU acomp_ctx simplifications" (Kanchana Sridhar)

   Simplify and clean up the zswap crypto compression handling and
   improve the lifecycle management of zswap pool's per-CPU acomp_ctx
   resources

 - "mm/damon/core: fix damon_call()/damos_walk() vs kdmond exit race"
   (SeongJae Park)

   Address unlikely but possible leaks and deadlocks in damon_call() and
   damon_walk()

 - "mm/damon/core: validate damos_quota_goal-&gt;nid" (SeongJae Park)

   Fix a couple of root-only wild pointer dereferences

 - "Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon: warn commit_inputs vs other params race"
   (SeongJae Park)

   Update the DAMON documentation to warn operators about potential
   races which can occur if the commit_inputs parameter is altered at
   the wrong time

 - "Minor hmm_test fixes and cleanups" (Alistair Popple)

   Bugfixes and a cleanup for the HMM kernel selftests

 - "Modify memfd_luo code" (Chenghao Duan)

   Cleanups, simplifications and speedups to the memfd_lou code

 - "mm, kvm: allow uffd support in guest_memfd" (Mike Rapoport)

   Support for userfaultfd in guest_memfd

 - "selftests/mm: skip several tests when thp is not available" (Chunyu
   Hu)

   Fix several issues in the selftests code which were causing breakage
   when the tests were run on CONFIG_THP=n kernels

 - "mm/mprotect: micro-optimization work" (Pedro Falcato)

   A couple of nice speedups for mprotect()

 - "MAINTAINERS: update KHO and LIVE UPDATE entries" (Pratyush Yadav)

   Document upcoming changes in the maintenance of KHO, LUO, memfd_luo,
   kexec, crash, kdump and probably other kexec-based things - they are
   being moved out of mm.git and into a new git tree

* tag 'mm-stable-2026-04-18-02-14' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (121 commits)
  MAINTAINERS: add page cache reviewer
  mm/vmscan: avoid false-positive -Wuninitialized warning
  MAINTAINERS: update Dave's kdump reviewer email address
  MAINTAINERS: drop include/linux/liveupdate from LIVE UPDATE
  MAINTAINERS: drop include/linux/kho/abi/ from KHO
  MAINTAINERS: update KHO and LIVE UPDATE maintainers
  MAINTAINERS: update kexec/kdump maintainers entries
  mm/migrate_device: remove dead migration entry check in migrate_vma_collect_huge_pmd()
  selftests: mm: skip charge_reserved_hugetlb without killall
  userfaultfd: allow registration of ranges below mmap_min_addr
  mm/vmstat: fix vmstat_shepherd double-scheduling vmstat_update
  mm/hugetlb: fix early boot crash on parameters without '=' separator
  zram: reject unrecognized type= values in recompress_store()
  docs: proc: document ProtectionKey in smaps
  mm/mprotect: special-case small folios when applying permissions
  mm/mprotect: move softleaf code out of the main function
  mm: remove '!root_reclaim' checking in should_abort_scan()
  mm/sparse: fix comment for section map alignment
  mm/page_io: use sio-&gt;len for PSWPIN accounting in sio_read_complete()
  selftests/mm: transhuge_stress: skip the test when thp not available
  ...
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Pull more MM updates from Andrew Morton:

 - "Eliminate Dying Memory Cgroup" (Qi Zheng and Muchun Song)

   Address the longstanding "dying memcg problem". A situation wherein a
   no-longer-used memory control group will hang around for an extended
   period pointlessly consuming memory

 - "fix unexpected type conversions and potential overflows" (Qi Zheng)

   Fix a couple of potential 32-bit/64-bit issues which were identified
   during review of the "Eliminate Dying Memory Cgroup" series

 - "kho: history: track previous kernel version and kexec boot count"
   (Breno Leitao)

   Use Kexec Handover (KHO) to pass the previous kernel's version string
   and the number of kexec reboots since the last cold boot to the next
   kernel, and print it at boot time

 - "liveupdate: prevent double preservation" (Pasha Tatashin)

   Teach LUO to avoid managing the same file across different active
   sessions

 - "liveupdate: Fix module unloading and unregister API" (Pasha
   Tatashin)

   Address an issue with how LUO handles module reference counting and
   unregistration during module unloading

 - "zswap pool per-CPU acomp_ctx simplifications" (Kanchana Sridhar)

   Simplify and clean up the zswap crypto compression handling and
   improve the lifecycle management of zswap pool's per-CPU acomp_ctx
   resources

 - "mm/damon/core: fix damon_call()/damos_walk() vs kdmond exit race"
   (SeongJae Park)

   Address unlikely but possible leaks and deadlocks in damon_call() and
   damon_walk()

 - "mm/damon/core: validate damos_quota_goal-&gt;nid" (SeongJae Park)

   Fix a couple of root-only wild pointer dereferences

 - "Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon: warn commit_inputs vs other params race"
   (SeongJae Park)

   Update the DAMON documentation to warn operators about potential
   races which can occur if the commit_inputs parameter is altered at
   the wrong time

 - "Minor hmm_test fixes and cleanups" (Alistair Popple)

   Bugfixes and a cleanup for the HMM kernel selftests

 - "Modify memfd_luo code" (Chenghao Duan)

   Cleanups, simplifications and speedups to the memfd_lou code

 - "mm, kvm: allow uffd support in guest_memfd" (Mike Rapoport)

   Support for userfaultfd in guest_memfd

 - "selftests/mm: skip several tests when thp is not available" (Chunyu
   Hu)

   Fix several issues in the selftests code which were causing breakage
   when the tests were run on CONFIG_THP=n kernels

 - "mm/mprotect: micro-optimization work" (Pedro Falcato)

   A couple of nice speedups for mprotect()

 - "MAINTAINERS: update KHO and LIVE UPDATE entries" (Pratyush Yadav)

   Document upcoming changes in the maintenance of KHO, LUO, memfd_luo,
   kexec, crash, kdump and probably other kexec-based things - they are
   being moved out of mm.git and into a new git tree

* tag 'mm-stable-2026-04-18-02-14' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (121 commits)
  MAINTAINERS: add page cache reviewer
  mm/vmscan: avoid false-positive -Wuninitialized warning
  MAINTAINERS: update Dave's kdump reviewer email address
  MAINTAINERS: drop include/linux/liveupdate from LIVE UPDATE
  MAINTAINERS: drop include/linux/kho/abi/ from KHO
  MAINTAINERS: update KHO and LIVE UPDATE maintainers
  MAINTAINERS: update kexec/kdump maintainers entries
  mm/migrate_device: remove dead migration entry check in migrate_vma_collect_huge_pmd()
  selftests: mm: skip charge_reserved_hugetlb without killall
  userfaultfd: allow registration of ranges below mmap_min_addr
  mm/vmstat: fix vmstat_shepherd double-scheduling vmstat_update
  mm/hugetlb: fix early boot crash on parameters without '=' separator
  zram: reject unrecognized type= values in recompress_store()
  docs: proc: document ProtectionKey in smaps
  mm/mprotect: special-case small folios when applying permissions
  mm/mprotect: move softleaf code out of the main function
  mm: remove '!root_reclaim' checking in should_abort_scan()
  mm/sparse: fix comment for section map alignment
  mm/page_io: use sio-&gt;len for PSWPIN accounting in sio_read_complete()
  selftests/mm: transhuge_stress: skip the test when thp not available
  ...
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>shmem, userfaultfd: implement shmem uffd operations using vm_uffd_ops</title>
<updated>2026-04-18T07:10:54+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)</name>
<email>rppt@kernel.org</email>
</author>
<published>2026-04-02T04:11:51+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=f74991b4e3836dd38f3adb41b146994b283942a1'/>
<id>f74991b4e3836dd38f3adb41b146994b283942a1</id>
<content type='text'>
Add filemap_add() and filemap_remove() methods to vm_uffd_ops and use them
in __mfill_atomic_pte() to add shmem folios to page cache and remove them
in case of error.

Implement these methods in shmem along with vm_uffd_ops-&gt;alloc_folio() and
drop shmem_mfill_atomic_pte().

Since userfaultfd now does not reference any functions from shmem, drop
include if linux/shmem_fs.h from mm/userfaultfd.c

mfill_atomic_install_pte() is not used anywhere outside of mm/userfaultfd,
make it static.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260402041156.1377214-11-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) &lt;rppt@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: James Houghton &lt;jthoughton@google.com&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Andrei Vagin &lt;avagin@google.com&gt;
Cc: Axel Rasmussen &lt;axelrasmussen@google.com&gt;
Cc: Baolin Wang &lt;baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com&gt;
Cc: David Hildenbrand (Arm) &lt;david@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Harry Yoo &lt;harry.yoo@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Harry Yoo (Oracle) &lt;harry@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Hugh Dickins &lt;hughd@google.com&gt;
Cc: Liam Howlett &lt;liam.howlett@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) &lt;ljs@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) &lt;willy@infradead.org&gt;
Cc: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.com&gt;
Cc: Muchun Song &lt;muchun.song@linux.dev&gt;
Cc: Nikita Kalyazin &lt;kalyazin@amazon.com&gt;
Cc: Oscar Salvador &lt;osalvador@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Paolo Bonzini &lt;pbonzini@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Peter Xu &lt;peterx@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Sean Christopherson &lt;seanjc@google.com&gt;
Cc: Shuah Khan &lt;shuah@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan &lt;surenb@google.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: David Carlier &lt;devnexen@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Add filemap_add() and filemap_remove() methods to vm_uffd_ops and use them
in __mfill_atomic_pte() to add shmem folios to page cache and remove them
in case of error.

Implement these methods in shmem along with vm_uffd_ops-&gt;alloc_folio() and
drop shmem_mfill_atomic_pte().

Since userfaultfd now does not reference any functions from shmem, drop
include if linux/shmem_fs.h from mm/userfaultfd.c

mfill_atomic_install_pte() is not used anywhere outside of mm/userfaultfd,
make it static.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260402041156.1377214-11-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) &lt;rppt@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: James Houghton &lt;jthoughton@google.com&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Andrei Vagin &lt;avagin@google.com&gt;
Cc: Axel Rasmussen &lt;axelrasmussen@google.com&gt;
Cc: Baolin Wang &lt;baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com&gt;
Cc: David Hildenbrand (Arm) &lt;david@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Harry Yoo &lt;harry.yoo@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Harry Yoo (Oracle) &lt;harry@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Hugh Dickins &lt;hughd@google.com&gt;
Cc: Liam Howlett &lt;liam.howlett@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) &lt;ljs@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) &lt;willy@infradead.org&gt;
Cc: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.com&gt;
Cc: Muchun Song &lt;muchun.song@linux.dev&gt;
Cc: Nikita Kalyazin &lt;kalyazin@amazon.com&gt;
Cc: Oscar Salvador &lt;osalvador@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Paolo Bonzini &lt;pbonzini@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Peter Xu &lt;peterx@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Sean Christopherson &lt;seanjc@google.com&gt;
Cc: Shuah Khan &lt;shuah@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan &lt;surenb@google.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: David Carlier &lt;devnexen@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>shmem, userfaultfd: use a VMA callback to handle UFFDIO_CONTINUE</title>
<updated>2026-04-18T07:10:54+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)</name>
<email>rppt@kernel.org</email>
</author>
<published>2026-04-02T04:11:49+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=dfc4d771820a171bd701d06252fcf920d0ede25c'/>
<id>dfc4d771820a171bd701d06252fcf920d0ede25c</id>
<content type='text'>
When userspace resolves a page fault in a shmem VMA with UFFDIO_CONTINUE
it needs to get a folio that already exists in the pagecache backing that
VMA.

Instead of using shmem_get_folio() for that, add a get_folio_noalloc()
method to 'struct vm_uffd_ops' that will return a folio if it exists in
the VMA's pagecache at given pgoff.

Implement get_folio_noalloc() method for shmem and slightly refactor
userfaultfd's mfill_get_vma() and mfill_atomic_pte_continue() to support
this new API.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260402041156.1377214-9-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) &lt;rppt@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: James Houghton &lt;jthoughton@google.com&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Andrei Vagin &lt;avagin@google.com&gt;
Cc: Axel Rasmussen &lt;axelrasmussen@google.com&gt;
Cc: Baolin Wang &lt;baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com&gt;
Cc: David Hildenbrand (Arm) &lt;david@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Harry Yoo &lt;harry.yoo@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Harry Yoo (Oracle) &lt;harry@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Hugh Dickins &lt;hughd@google.com&gt;
Cc: Liam Howlett &lt;liam.howlett@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) &lt;ljs@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) &lt;willy@infradead.org&gt;
Cc: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.com&gt;
Cc: Muchun Song &lt;muchun.song@linux.dev&gt;
Cc: Nikita Kalyazin &lt;kalyazin@amazon.com&gt;
Cc: Oscar Salvador &lt;osalvador@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Paolo Bonzini &lt;pbonzini@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Peter Xu &lt;peterx@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Sean Christopherson &lt;seanjc@google.com&gt;
Cc: Shuah Khan &lt;shuah@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan &lt;surenb@google.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: David Carlier &lt;devnexen@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
When userspace resolves a page fault in a shmem VMA with UFFDIO_CONTINUE
it needs to get a folio that already exists in the pagecache backing that
VMA.

Instead of using shmem_get_folio() for that, add a get_folio_noalloc()
method to 'struct vm_uffd_ops' that will return a folio if it exists in
the VMA's pagecache at given pgoff.

Implement get_folio_noalloc() method for shmem and slightly refactor
userfaultfd's mfill_get_vma() and mfill_atomic_pte_continue() to support
this new API.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260402041156.1377214-9-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) &lt;rppt@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: James Houghton &lt;jthoughton@google.com&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Andrei Vagin &lt;avagin@google.com&gt;
Cc: Axel Rasmussen &lt;axelrasmussen@google.com&gt;
Cc: Baolin Wang &lt;baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com&gt;
Cc: David Hildenbrand (Arm) &lt;david@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Harry Yoo &lt;harry.yoo@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Harry Yoo (Oracle) &lt;harry@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Hugh Dickins &lt;hughd@google.com&gt;
Cc: Liam Howlett &lt;liam.howlett@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) &lt;ljs@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) &lt;willy@infradead.org&gt;
Cc: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.com&gt;
Cc: Muchun Song &lt;muchun.song@linux.dev&gt;
Cc: Nikita Kalyazin &lt;kalyazin@amazon.com&gt;
Cc: Oscar Salvador &lt;osalvador@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Paolo Bonzini &lt;pbonzini@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Peter Xu &lt;peterx@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Sean Christopherson &lt;seanjc@google.com&gt;
Cc: Shuah Khan &lt;shuah@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan &lt;surenb@google.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: David Carlier &lt;devnexen@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>userfaultfd: introduce vm_uffd_ops</title>
<updated>2026-04-18T07:10:53+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)</name>
<email>rppt@kernel.org</email>
</author>
<published>2026-04-02T04:11:48+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=0f48947c4232c934885711dde0b49066f9d8ee87'/>
<id>0f48947c4232c934885711dde0b49066f9d8ee87</id>
<content type='text'>
Current userfaultfd implementation works only with memory managed by core
MM: anonymous, shmem and hugetlb.

First, there is no fundamental reason to limit userfaultfd support only to
the core memory types and userfaults can be handled similarly to regular
page faults provided a VMA owner implements appropriate callbacks.

Second, historically various code paths were conditioned on
vma_is_anonymous(), vma_is_shmem() and is_vm_hugetlb_page() and some of
these conditions can be expressed as operations implemented by a
particular memory type.

Introduce vm_uffd_ops extension to vm_operations_struct that will delegate
memory type specific operations to a VMA owner.

Operations for anonymous memory are handled internally in userfaultfd
using anon_uffd_ops that implicitly assigned to anonymous VMAs.

Start with a single operation, -&gt;can_userfault() that will verify that a
VMA meets requirements for userfaultfd support at registration time.

Implement that method for anonymous, shmem and hugetlb and move relevant
parts of vma_can_userfault() into the new callbacks.

[rppt@kernel.org: relocate VM_DROPPABLE test, per Tal]
  Link: https://lore.kernel.org/adffgfM5ANxtPIEF@kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260402041156.1377214-8-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) &lt;rppt@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Andrei Vagin &lt;avagin@google.com&gt;
Cc: Axel Rasmussen &lt;axelrasmussen@google.com&gt;
Cc: Baolin Wang &lt;baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com&gt;
Cc: David Hildenbrand (Arm) &lt;david@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Harry Yoo &lt;harry.yoo@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Harry Yoo (Oracle) &lt;harry@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Hugh Dickins &lt;hughd@google.com&gt;
Cc: James Houghton &lt;jthoughton@google.com&gt;
Cc: Liam Howlett &lt;liam.howlett@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) &lt;ljs@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) &lt;willy@infradead.org&gt;
Cc: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.com&gt;
Cc: Muchun Song &lt;muchun.song@linux.dev&gt;
Cc: Nikita Kalyazin &lt;kalyazin@amazon.com&gt;
Cc: Oscar Salvador &lt;osalvador@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Paolo Bonzini &lt;pbonzini@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Peter Xu &lt;peterx@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Sean Christopherson &lt;seanjc@google.com&gt;
Cc: Shuah Khan &lt;shuah@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan &lt;surenb@google.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: David Carlier &lt;devnexen@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Tal Zussman &lt;tz2294@columbia.edu&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Current userfaultfd implementation works only with memory managed by core
MM: anonymous, shmem and hugetlb.

First, there is no fundamental reason to limit userfaultfd support only to
the core memory types and userfaults can be handled similarly to regular
page faults provided a VMA owner implements appropriate callbacks.

Second, historically various code paths were conditioned on
vma_is_anonymous(), vma_is_shmem() and is_vm_hugetlb_page() and some of
these conditions can be expressed as operations implemented by a
particular memory type.

Introduce vm_uffd_ops extension to vm_operations_struct that will delegate
memory type specific operations to a VMA owner.

Operations for anonymous memory are handled internally in userfaultfd
using anon_uffd_ops that implicitly assigned to anonymous VMAs.

Start with a single operation, -&gt;can_userfault() that will verify that a
VMA meets requirements for userfaultfd support at registration time.

Implement that method for anonymous, shmem and hugetlb and move relevant
parts of vma_can_userfault() into the new callbacks.

[rppt@kernel.org: relocate VM_DROPPABLE test, per Tal]
  Link: https://lore.kernel.org/adffgfM5ANxtPIEF@kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260402041156.1377214-8-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) &lt;rppt@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Andrei Vagin &lt;avagin@google.com&gt;
Cc: Axel Rasmussen &lt;axelrasmussen@google.com&gt;
Cc: Baolin Wang &lt;baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com&gt;
Cc: David Hildenbrand (Arm) &lt;david@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Harry Yoo &lt;harry.yoo@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Harry Yoo (Oracle) &lt;harry@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Hugh Dickins &lt;hughd@google.com&gt;
Cc: James Houghton &lt;jthoughton@google.com&gt;
Cc: Liam Howlett &lt;liam.howlett@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) &lt;ljs@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) &lt;willy@infradead.org&gt;
Cc: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.com&gt;
Cc: Muchun Song &lt;muchun.song@linux.dev&gt;
Cc: Nikita Kalyazin &lt;kalyazin@amazon.com&gt;
Cc: Oscar Salvador &lt;osalvador@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Paolo Bonzini &lt;pbonzini@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Peter Xu &lt;peterx@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Sean Christopherson &lt;seanjc@google.com&gt;
Cc: Shuah Khan &lt;shuah@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan &lt;surenb@google.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: David Carlier &lt;devnexen@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Tal Zussman &lt;tz2294@columbia.edu&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Merge tag 'mm-stable-2026-04-13-21-45' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm</title>
<updated>2026-04-15T19:59:16+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2026-04-15T19:59:16+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=334fbe734e687404f346eba7d5d96ed2b44d35ab'/>
<id>334fbe734e687404f346eba7d5d96ed2b44d35ab</id>
<content type='text'>
Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:

 - "maple_tree: Replace big node with maple copy" (Liam Howlett)

   Mainly prepararatory work for ongoing development but it does reduce
   stack usage and is an improvement.

 - "mm, swap: swap table phase III: remove swap_map" (Kairui Song)

   Offers memory savings by removing the static swap_map. It also yields
   some CPU savings and implements several cleanups.

 - "mm: memfd_luo: preserve file seals" (Pratyush Yadav)

   File seal preservation to LUO's memfd code

 - "mm: zswap: add per-memcg stat for incompressible pages" (Jiayuan
   Chen)

   Additional userspace stats reportng to zswap

 - "arch, mm: consolidate empty_zero_page" (Mike Rapoport)

   Some cleanups for our handling of ZERO_PAGE() and zero_pfn

 - "mm/kmemleak: Improve scan_should_stop() implementation" (Zhongqiu
   Han)

   A robustness improvement and some cleanups in the kmemleak code

 - "Improve khugepaged scan logic" (Vernon Yang)

   Improve khugepaged scan logic and reduce CPU consumption by
   prioritizing scanning tasks that access memory frequently

 - "Make KHO Stateless" (Jason Miu)

   Simplify Kexec Handover by transitioning KHO from an xarray-based
   metadata tracking system with serialization to a radix tree data
   structure that can be passed directly to the next kernel

 - "mm: vmscan: add PID and cgroup ID to vmscan tracepoints" (Thomas
   Ballasi and Steven Rostedt)

   Enhance vmscan's tracepointing

 - "mm: arch/shstk: Common shadow stack mapping helper and
   VM_NOHUGEPAGE" (Catalin Marinas)

   Cleanup for the shadow stack code: remove per-arch code in favour of
   a generic implementation

 - "Fix KASAN support for KHO restored vmalloc regions" (Pasha Tatashin)

   Fix a WARN() which can be emitted the KHO restores a vmalloc area

 - "mm: Remove stray references to pagevec" (Tal Zussman)

   Several cleanups, mainly udpating references to "struct pagevec",
   which became folio_batch three years ago

 - "mm: Eliminate fake head pages from vmemmap optimization" (Kiryl
   Shutsemau)

   Simplify the HugeTLB vmemmap optimization (HVO) by changing how tail
   pages encode their relationship to the head page

 - "mm/damon/core: improve DAMOS quota efficiency for core layer
   filters" (SeongJae Park)

   Improve two problematic behaviors of DAMOS that makes it less
   efficient when core layer filters are used

 - "mm/damon: strictly respect min_nr_regions" (SeongJae Park)

   Improve DAMON usability by extending the treatment of the
   min_nr_regions user-settable parameter

 - "mm/page_alloc: pcp locking cleanup" (Vlastimil Babka)

   The proper fix for a previously hotfixed SMP=n issue. Code
   simplifications and cleanups ensued

 - "mm: cleanups around unmapping / zapping" (David Hildenbrand)

   A bunch of cleanups around unmapping and zapping. Mostly
   simplifications, code movements, documentation and renaming of
   zapping functions

 - "support batched checking of the young flag for MGLRU" (Baolin Wang)

   Batched checking of the young flag for MGLRU. It's part cleanups; one
   benchmark shows large performance benefits for arm64

 - "memcg: obj stock and slab stat caching cleanups" (Johannes Weiner)

   memcg cleanup and robustness improvements

 - "Allow order zero pages in page reporting" (Yuvraj Sakshith)

   Enhance free page reporting - it is presently and undesirably order-0
   pages when reporting free memory.

 - "mm: vma flag tweaks" (Lorenzo Stoakes)

   Cleanup work following from the recent conversion of the VMA flags to
   a bitmap

 - "mm/damon: add optional debugging-purpose sanity checks" (SeongJae
   Park)

   Add some more developer-facing debug checks into DAMON core

 - "mm/damon: test and document power-of-2 min_region_sz requirement"
   (SeongJae Park)

   An additional DAMON kunit test and makes some adjustments to the
   addr_unit parameter handling

 - "mm/damon/core: make passed_sample_intervals comparisons
   overflow-safe" (SeongJae Park)

   Fix a hard-to-hit time overflow issue in DAMON core

 - "mm/damon: improve/fixup/update ratio calculation, test and
   documentation" (SeongJae Park)

   A batch of misc/minor improvements and fixups for DAMON

 - "mm: move vma_(kernel|mmu)_pagesize() out of hugetlb.c" (David
   Hildenbrand)

   Fix a possible issue with dax-device when CONFIG_HUGETLB=n. Some code
   movement was required.

 - "zram: recompression cleanups and tweaks" (Sergey Senozhatsky)

   A somewhat random mix of fixups, recompression cleanups and
   improvements in the zram code

 - "mm/damon: support multiple goal-based quota tuning algorithms"
   (SeongJae Park)

   Extend DAMOS quotas goal auto-tuning to support multiple tuning
   algorithms that users can select

 - "mm: thp: reduce unnecessary start_stop_khugepaged()" (Breno Leitao)

   Fix the khugpaged sysfs handling so we no longer spam the logs with
   reams of junk when starting/stopping khugepaged

 - "mm: improve map count checks" (Lorenzo Stoakes)

   Provide some cleanups and slight fixes in the mremap, mmap and vma
   code

 - "mm/damon: support addr_unit on default monitoring targets for
   modules" (SeongJae Park)

   Extend the use of DAMON core's addr_unit tunable

 - "mm: khugepaged cleanups and mTHP prerequisites" (Nico Pache)

   Cleanups to khugepaged and is a base for Nico's planned khugepaged
   mTHP support

 - "mm: memory hot(un)plug and SPARSEMEM cleanups" (David Hildenbrand)

   Code movement and cleanups in the memhotplug and sparsemem code

 - "mm: remove CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE and cleanup
   CONFIG_MIGRATION" (David Hildenbrand)

   Rationalize some memhotplug Kconfig support

 - "change young flag check functions to return bool" (Baolin Wang)

   Cleanups to change all young flag check functions to return bool

 - "mm/damon/sysfs: fix memory leak and NULL dereference issues" (Josh
   Law and SeongJae Park)

   Fix a few potential DAMON bugs

 - "mm/vma: convert vm_flags_t to vma_flags_t in vma code" (Lorenzo
   Stoakes)

   Convert a lot of the existing use of the legacy vm_flags_t data type
   to the new vma_flags_t type which replaces it. Mainly in the vma
   code.

 - "mm: expand mmap_prepare functionality and usage" (Lorenzo Stoakes)

   Expand the mmap_prepare functionality, which is intended to replace
   the deprecated f_op-&gt;mmap hook which has been the source of bugs and
   security issues for some time. Cleanups, documentation, extension of
   mmap_prepare into filesystem drivers

 - "mm/huge_memory: refactor zap_huge_pmd()" (Lorenzo Stoakes)

   Simplify and clean up zap_huge_pmd(). Additional cleanups around
   vm_normal_folio_pmd() and the softleaf functionality are performed.

* tag 'mm-stable-2026-04-13-21-45' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (369 commits)
  mm: fix deferred split queue races during migration
  mm/khugepaged: fix issue with tracking lock
  mm/huge_memory: add and use has_deposited_pgtable()
  mm/huge_memory: add and use normal_or_softleaf_folio_pmd()
  mm: add softleaf_is_valid_pmd_entry(), pmd_to_softleaf_folio()
  mm/huge_memory: separate out the folio part of zap_huge_pmd()
  mm/huge_memory: use mm instead of tlb-&gt;mm
  mm/huge_memory: remove unnecessary sanity checks
  mm/huge_memory: deduplicate zap deposited table call
  mm/huge_memory: remove unnecessary VM_BUG_ON_PAGE()
  mm/huge_memory: add a common exit path to zap_huge_pmd()
  mm/huge_memory: handle buggy PMD entry in zap_huge_pmd()
  mm/huge_memory: have zap_huge_pmd return a boolean, add kdoc
  mm/huge: avoid big else branch in zap_huge_pmd()
  mm/huge_memory: simplify vma_is_specal_huge()
  mm: on remap assert that input range within the proposed VMA
  mm: add mmap_action_map_kernel_pages[_full]()
  uio: replace deprecated mmap hook with mmap_prepare in uio_info
  drivers: hv: vmbus: replace deprecated mmap hook with mmap_prepare
  mm: allow handling of stacked mmap_prepare hooks in more drivers
  ...
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:

 - "maple_tree: Replace big node with maple copy" (Liam Howlett)

   Mainly prepararatory work for ongoing development but it does reduce
   stack usage and is an improvement.

 - "mm, swap: swap table phase III: remove swap_map" (Kairui Song)

   Offers memory savings by removing the static swap_map. It also yields
   some CPU savings and implements several cleanups.

 - "mm: memfd_luo: preserve file seals" (Pratyush Yadav)

   File seal preservation to LUO's memfd code

 - "mm: zswap: add per-memcg stat for incompressible pages" (Jiayuan
   Chen)

   Additional userspace stats reportng to zswap

 - "arch, mm: consolidate empty_zero_page" (Mike Rapoport)

   Some cleanups for our handling of ZERO_PAGE() and zero_pfn

 - "mm/kmemleak: Improve scan_should_stop() implementation" (Zhongqiu
   Han)

   A robustness improvement and some cleanups in the kmemleak code

 - "Improve khugepaged scan logic" (Vernon Yang)

   Improve khugepaged scan logic and reduce CPU consumption by
   prioritizing scanning tasks that access memory frequently

 - "Make KHO Stateless" (Jason Miu)

   Simplify Kexec Handover by transitioning KHO from an xarray-based
   metadata tracking system with serialization to a radix tree data
   structure that can be passed directly to the next kernel

 - "mm: vmscan: add PID and cgroup ID to vmscan tracepoints" (Thomas
   Ballasi and Steven Rostedt)

   Enhance vmscan's tracepointing

 - "mm: arch/shstk: Common shadow stack mapping helper and
   VM_NOHUGEPAGE" (Catalin Marinas)

   Cleanup for the shadow stack code: remove per-arch code in favour of
   a generic implementation

 - "Fix KASAN support for KHO restored vmalloc regions" (Pasha Tatashin)

   Fix a WARN() which can be emitted the KHO restores a vmalloc area

 - "mm: Remove stray references to pagevec" (Tal Zussman)

   Several cleanups, mainly udpating references to "struct pagevec",
   which became folio_batch three years ago

 - "mm: Eliminate fake head pages from vmemmap optimization" (Kiryl
   Shutsemau)

   Simplify the HugeTLB vmemmap optimization (HVO) by changing how tail
   pages encode their relationship to the head page

 - "mm/damon/core: improve DAMOS quota efficiency for core layer
   filters" (SeongJae Park)

   Improve two problematic behaviors of DAMOS that makes it less
   efficient when core layer filters are used

 - "mm/damon: strictly respect min_nr_regions" (SeongJae Park)

   Improve DAMON usability by extending the treatment of the
   min_nr_regions user-settable parameter

 - "mm/page_alloc: pcp locking cleanup" (Vlastimil Babka)

   The proper fix for a previously hotfixed SMP=n issue. Code
   simplifications and cleanups ensued

 - "mm: cleanups around unmapping / zapping" (David Hildenbrand)

   A bunch of cleanups around unmapping and zapping. Mostly
   simplifications, code movements, documentation and renaming of
   zapping functions

 - "support batched checking of the young flag for MGLRU" (Baolin Wang)

   Batched checking of the young flag for MGLRU. It's part cleanups; one
   benchmark shows large performance benefits for arm64

 - "memcg: obj stock and slab stat caching cleanups" (Johannes Weiner)

   memcg cleanup and robustness improvements

 - "Allow order zero pages in page reporting" (Yuvraj Sakshith)

   Enhance free page reporting - it is presently and undesirably order-0
   pages when reporting free memory.

 - "mm: vma flag tweaks" (Lorenzo Stoakes)

   Cleanup work following from the recent conversion of the VMA flags to
   a bitmap

 - "mm/damon: add optional debugging-purpose sanity checks" (SeongJae
   Park)

   Add some more developer-facing debug checks into DAMON core

 - "mm/damon: test and document power-of-2 min_region_sz requirement"
   (SeongJae Park)

   An additional DAMON kunit test and makes some adjustments to the
   addr_unit parameter handling

 - "mm/damon/core: make passed_sample_intervals comparisons
   overflow-safe" (SeongJae Park)

   Fix a hard-to-hit time overflow issue in DAMON core

 - "mm/damon: improve/fixup/update ratio calculation, test and
   documentation" (SeongJae Park)

   A batch of misc/minor improvements and fixups for DAMON

 - "mm: move vma_(kernel|mmu)_pagesize() out of hugetlb.c" (David
   Hildenbrand)

   Fix a possible issue with dax-device when CONFIG_HUGETLB=n. Some code
   movement was required.

 - "zram: recompression cleanups and tweaks" (Sergey Senozhatsky)

   A somewhat random mix of fixups, recompression cleanups and
   improvements in the zram code

 - "mm/damon: support multiple goal-based quota tuning algorithms"
   (SeongJae Park)

   Extend DAMOS quotas goal auto-tuning to support multiple tuning
   algorithms that users can select

 - "mm: thp: reduce unnecessary start_stop_khugepaged()" (Breno Leitao)

   Fix the khugpaged sysfs handling so we no longer spam the logs with
   reams of junk when starting/stopping khugepaged

 - "mm: improve map count checks" (Lorenzo Stoakes)

   Provide some cleanups and slight fixes in the mremap, mmap and vma
   code

 - "mm/damon: support addr_unit on default monitoring targets for
   modules" (SeongJae Park)

   Extend the use of DAMON core's addr_unit tunable

 - "mm: khugepaged cleanups and mTHP prerequisites" (Nico Pache)

   Cleanups to khugepaged and is a base for Nico's planned khugepaged
   mTHP support

 - "mm: memory hot(un)plug and SPARSEMEM cleanups" (David Hildenbrand)

   Code movement and cleanups in the memhotplug and sparsemem code

 - "mm: remove CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE and cleanup
   CONFIG_MIGRATION" (David Hildenbrand)

   Rationalize some memhotplug Kconfig support

 - "change young flag check functions to return bool" (Baolin Wang)

   Cleanups to change all young flag check functions to return bool

 - "mm/damon/sysfs: fix memory leak and NULL dereference issues" (Josh
   Law and SeongJae Park)

   Fix a few potential DAMON bugs

 - "mm/vma: convert vm_flags_t to vma_flags_t in vma code" (Lorenzo
   Stoakes)

   Convert a lot of the existing use of the legacy vm_flags_t data type
   to the new vma_flags_t type which replaces it. Mainly in the vma
   code.

 - "mm: expand mmap_prepare functionality and usage" (Lorenzo Stoakes)

   Expand the mmap_prepare functionality, which is intended to replace
   the deprecated f_op-&gt;mmap hook which has been the source of bugs and
   security issues for some time. Cleanups, documentation, extension of
   mmap_prepare into filesystem drivers

 - "mm/huge_memory: refactor zap_huge_pmd()" (Lorenzo Stoakes)

   Simplify and clean up zap_huge_pmd(). Additional cleanups around
   vm_normal_folio_pmd() and the softleaf functionality are performed.

* tag 'mm-stable-2026-04-13-21-45' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (369 commits)
  mm: fix deferred split queue races during migration
  mm/khugepaged: fix issue with tracking lock
  mm/huge_memory: add and use has_deposited_pgtable()
  mm/huge_memory: add and use normal_or_softleaf_folio_pmd()
  mm: add softleaf_is_valid_pmd_entry(), pmd_to_softleaf_folio()
  mm/huge_memory: separate out the folio part of zap_huge_pmd()
  mm/huge_memory: use mm instead of tlb-&gt;mm
  mm/huge_memory: remove unnecessary sanity checks
  mm/huge_memory: deduplicate zap deposited table call
  mm/huge_memory: remove unnecessary VM_BUG_ON_PAGE()
  mm/huge_memory: add a common exit path to zap_huge_pmd()
  mm/huge_memory: handle buggy PMD entry in zap_huge_pmd()
  mm/huge_memory: have zap_huge_pmd return a boolean, add kdoc
  mm/huge: avoid big else branch in zap_huge_pmd()
  mm/huge_memory: simplify vma_is_specal_huge()
  mm: on remap assert that input range within the proposed VMA
  mm: add mmap_action_map_kernel_pages[_full]()
  uio: replace deprecated mmap hook with mmap_prepare in uio_info
  drivers: hv: vmbus: replace deprecated mmap hook with mmap_prepare
  mm: allow handling of stacked mmap_prepare hooks in more drivers
  ...
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>mm: introduce is_pmd_order helper</title>
<updated>2026-04-05T20:53:29+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Nico Pache</name>
<email>npache@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2026-03-25T11:40:19+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=b90c453d2664ba445383956560581f9db708584f'/>
<id>b90c453d2664ba445383956560581f9db708584f</id>
<content type='text'>
In order to add mTHP support to khugepaged, we will often be checking if a
given order is (or is not) a PMD order.  Some places in the kernel already
use this check, so lets create a simple helper function to keep the code
clean and readable.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260325114022.444081-3-npache@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Nico Pache &lt;npache@redhat.com&gt;
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) &lt;david@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Baolin Wang &lt;baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Dev Jain &lt;dev.jain@arm.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Wei Yang &lt;richard.weiyang@gmail.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Lance Yang &lt;lance.yang@linux.dev&gt;
Reviewed-by: Barry Song &lt;baohua@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan &lt;ziy@nvidia.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato &lt;pfalcato@suse.de&gt;
Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes &lt;lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com&gt;
Suggested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes &lt;lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Alistair Popple &lt;apopple@nvidia.com&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Anshuman Khandual &lt;anshuman.khandual@arm.com&gt;
Cc: Brendan Jackman &lt;jackmanb@google.com&gt;
Cc: Byungchul Park &lt;byungchul@sk.com&gt;
Cc: Catalin Marinas &lt;catalin.marinas@arm.com&gt;
Cc: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Cc: Gregory Price &lt;gourry@gourry.net&gt;
Cc: "Huang, Ying" &lt;ying.huang@linux.alibaba.com&gt;
Cc: Hugh Dickins &lt;hughd@google.com&gt;
Cc: Jan Kara &lt;jack@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Jann Horn &lt;jannh@google.com&gt;
Cc: Johannes Weiner &lt;hannes@cmpxchg.org&gt;
Cc: Jonathan Corbet &lt;corbet@lwn.net&gt;
Cc: Joshua Hahn &lt;joshua.hahnjy@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Kefeng Wang &lt;wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com&gt;
Cc: Liam Howlett &lt;liam.howlett@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) &lt;ljs@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: "Masami Hiramatsu (Google)" &lt;mhiramat@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers &lt;mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com&gt;
Cc: Matthew Brost &lt;matthew.brost@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) &lt;willy@infradead.org&gt;
Cc: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.com&gt;
Cc: Mike Rapoport &lt;rppt@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Nanyong Sun &lt;sunnanyong@huawei.com&gt;
Cc: Peter Xu &lt;peterx@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Rafael Aquini &lt;raquini@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Rakie Kim &lt;rakie.kim@sk.com&gt;
Cc: Randy Dunlap &lt;rdunlap@infradead.org&gt;
Cc: Ryan Roberts &lt;ryan.roberts@arm.com&gt;
Cc: Shivank Garg &lt;shivankg@amd.com&gt;
Cc: Steven Rostedt &lt;rostedt@goodmis.org&gt;
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan &lt;surenb@google.com&gt;
Cc: Takashi Iwai (SUSE) &lt;tiwai@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Thomas Hellström &lt;thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Usama Arif &lt;usamaarif642@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Vishal Moola (Oracle) &lt;vishal.moola@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Will Deacon &lt;will@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Yang Shi &lt;yang@os.amperecomputing.com&gt;
Cc: Zach O'Keefe &lt;zokeefe@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
In order to add mTHP support to khugepaged, we will often be checking if a
given order is (or is not) a PMD order.  Some places in the kernel already
use this check, so lets create a simple helper function to keep the code
clean and readable.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260325114022.444081-3-npache@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Nico Pache &lt;npache@redhat.com&gt;
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) &lt;david@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Baolin Wang &lt;baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Dev Jain &lt;dev.jain@arm.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Wei Yang &lt;richard.weiyang@gmail.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Lance Yang &lt;lance.yang@linux.dev&gt;
Reviewed-by: Barry Song &lt;baohua@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan &lt;ziy@nvidia.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato &lt;pfalcato@suse.de&gt;
Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes &lt;lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com&gt;
Suggested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes &lt;lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Alistair Popple &lt;apopple@nvidia.com&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Anshuman Khandual &lt;anshuman.khandual@arm.com&gt;
Cc: Brendan Jackman &lt;jackmanb@google.com&gt;
Cc: Byungchul Park &lt;byungchul@sk.com&gt;
Cc: Catalin Marinas &lt;catalin.marinas@arm.com&gt;
Cc: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Cc: Gregory Price &lt;gourry@gourry.net&gt;
Cc: "Huang, Ying" &lt;ying.huang@linux.alibaba.com&gt;
Cc: Hugh Dickins &lt;hughd@google.com&gt;
Cc: Jan Kara &lt;jack@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Jann Horn &lt;jannh@google.com&gt;
Cc: Johannes Weiner &lt;hannes@cmpxchg.org&gt;
Cc: Jonathan Corbet &lt;corbet@lwn.net&gt;
Cc: Joshua Hahn &lt;joshua.hahnjy@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Kefeng Wang &lt;wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com&gt;
Cc: Liam Howlett &lt;liam.howlett@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) &lt;ljs@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: "Masami Hiramatsu (Google)" &lt;mhiramat@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers &lt;mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com&gt;
Cc: Matthew Brost &lt;matthew.brost@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) &lt;willy@infradead.org&gt;
Cc: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.com&gt;
Cc: Mike Rapoport &lt;rppt@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Nanyong Sun &lt;sunnanyong@huawei.com&gt;
Cc: Peter Xu &lt;peterx@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Rafael Aquini &lt;raquini@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Rakie Kim &lt;rakie.kim@sk.com&gt;
Cc: Randy Dunlap &lt;rdunlap@infradead.org&gt;
Cc: Ryan Roberts &lt;ryan.roberts@arm.com&gt;
Cc: Shivank Garg &lt;shivankg@amd.com&gt;
Cc: Steven Rostedt &lt;rostedt@goodmis.org&gt;
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan &lt;surenb@google.com&gt;
Cc: Takashi Iwai (SUSE) &lt;tiwai@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Thomas Hellström &lt;thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Usama Arif &lt;usamaarif642@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Vishal Moola (Oracle) &lt;vishal.moola@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Will Deacon &lt;will@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Yang Shi &lt;yang@os.amperecomputing.com&gt;
Cc: Zach O'Keefe &lt;zokeefe@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>mm: reintroduce vma_flags_test() as a singular flag test</title>
<updated>2026-04-05T20:53:18+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)</name>
<email>ljs@kernel.org</email>
</author>
<published>2026-03-05T10:50:17+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=5e6d45d720ca299cc82d84948c4ba622fff64f22'/>
<id>5e6d45d720ca299cc82d84948c4ba622fff64f22</id>
<content type='text'>
Since we've now renamed vma_flags_test() to vma_flags_test_any() to be
very clear as to what we are in fact testing, we now have the opportunity
to bring vma_flags_test() back, but for explicitly testing a single VMA
flag.

This is useful, as often flag tests are against a single flag, and
vma_flags_test_any(flags, VMA_READ_BIT) reads oddly and potentially causes
confusion.

We use sparse to enforce that users won't accidentally pass vm_flags_t to
this function without it being flagged so this should make it harder to
get this wrong.

Of course, passing vma_flags_t to the function is impossible, as it is a
struct.

Also update the VMA tests to reflect this change.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/f33f8d7f16c3f3d286a1dc2cba12c23683073134.1772704455.git.ljs@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) &lt;ljs@kernel.org&gt;
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) &lt;david@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato &lt;pfalcato@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Arnd Bergmann &lt;arnd@arndb.de&gt;
Cc: Babu Moger &lt;babu.moger@amd.com&gt;
Cc: Baolin Wang &lt;baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com&gt;
Cc: Chao Yu &lt;chao@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Chatre, Reinette &lt;reinette.chatre@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Chunhai Guo &lt;guochunhai@vivo.com&gt;
Cc: Damien Le Maol &lt;dlemoal@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Dave Jiang &lt;dave.jiang@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Dave Martin &lt;dave.martin@arm.com&gt;
Cc: Gao Xiang &lt;xiang@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Cc: Hongbo Li &lt;lihongbo22@huawei.com&gt;
Cc: Hugh Dickins &lt;hughd@google.com&gt;
Cc: James Morse &lt;james.morse@arm.com&gt;
Cc: Jan Kara &lt;jack@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Jann Horn &lt;jannh@google.com&gt;
Cc: Jason Gunthorpe &lt;jgg@ziepe.ca&gt;
Cc: Jeffle Xu &lt;jefflexu@linux.alibaba.com&gt;
Cc: Johannes Thumshirn &lt;jth@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Konstantin Komarov &lt;almaz.alexandrovich@paragon-software.com&gt;
Cc: Liam Howlett &lt;liam.howlett@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: "Luck, Tony" &lt;tony.luck@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) &lt;willy@infradead.org&gt;
Cc: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.com&gt;
Cc: Mike Rapoport &lt;rppt@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Muchun Song &lt;muchun.song@linux.dev&gt;
Cc: Naohiro Aota &lt;naohiro.aota@wdc.com&gt;
Cc: Oscar Salvador &lt;osalvador@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Sandeep Dhavale &lt;dhavale@google.com&gt;
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan &lt;surenb@google.com&gt;
Cc: Vishal Verma &lt;vishal.l.verma@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Yue Hu &lt;zbestahu@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Since we've now renamed vma_flags_test() to vma_flags_test_any() to be
very clear as to what we are in fact testing, we now have the opportunity
to bring vma_flags_test() back, but for explicitly testing a single VMA
flag.

This is useful, as often flag tests are against a single flag, and
vma_flags_test_any(flags, VMA_READ_BIT) reads oddly and potentially causes
confusion.

We use sparse to enforce that users won't accidentally pass vm_flags_t to
this function without it being flagged so this should make it harder to
get this wrong.

Of course, passing vma_flags_t to the function is impossible, as it is a
struct.

Also update the VMA tests to reflect this change.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/f33f8d7f16c3f3d286a1dc2cba12c23683073134.1772704455.git.ljs@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) &lt;ljs@kernel.org&gt;
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) &lt;david@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato &lt;pfalcato@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Arnd Bergmann &lt;arnd@arndb.de&gt;
Cc: Babu Moger &lt;babu.moger@amd.com&gt;
Cc: Baolin Wang &lt;baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com&gt;
Cc: Chao Yu &lt;chao@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Chatre, Reinette &lt;reinette.chatre@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Chunhai Guo &lt;guochunhai@vivo.com&gt;
Cc: Damien Le Maol &lt;dlemoal@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Dave Jiang &lt;dave.jiang@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Dave Martin &lt;dave.martin@arm.com&gt;
Cc: Gao Xiang &lt;xiang@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Cc: Hongbo Li &lt;lihongbo22@huawei.com&gt;
Cc: Hugh Dickins &lt;hughd@google.com&gt;
Cc: James Morse &lt;james.morse@arm.com&gt;
Cc: Jan Kara &lt;jack@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Jann Horn &lt;jannh@google.com&gt;
Cc: Jason Gunthorpe &lt;jgg@ziepe.ca&gt;
Cc: Jeffle Xu &lt;jefflexu@linux.alibaba.com&gt;
Cc: Johannes Thumshirn &lt;jth@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Konstantin Komarov &lt;almaz.alexandrovich@paragon-software.com&gt;
Cc: Liam Howlett &lt;liam.howlett@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: "Luck, Tony" &lt;tony.luck@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) &lt;willy@infradead.org&gt;
Cc: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.com&gt;
Cc: Mike Rapoport &lt;rppt@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Muchun Song &lt;muchun.song@linux.dev&gt;
Cc: Naohiro Aota &lt;naohiro.aota@wdc.com&gt;
Cc: Oscar Salvador &lt;osalvador@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Sandeep Dhavale &lt;dhavale@google.com&gt;
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan &lt;surenb@google.com&gt;
Cc: Vishal Verma &lt;vishal.l.verma@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Yue Hu &lt;zbestahu@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
</feed>
