linux-stable.git/mm/page_alloc.c, branch v5.4.166

mm/page_alloc: speed up the iteration of max_order

2021-09-12T06:56:41+00:00

commit 7ad69832f37e3cea8557db6df7c793905f1135e8 upstream.

When we free a page whose order is very close to MAX_ORDER and greater
than pageblock_order, it wastes some CPU cycles to increase max_order to
MAX_ORDER one by one and check the pageblock migratetype of that page
repeatedly especially when MAX_ORDER is much larger than pageblock_order.

We also should not be checking migratetype of buddy when "order ==
MAX_ORDER - 1" as the buddy pfn may be invalid, so adjust the condition.
With the new check, we don't need the max_order check anymore, so we
replace it.

Also adjust max_order initialization so that it's lower by one than
previously, which makes the code hopefully more clear.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201204155109.55451-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com
Fixes: d9dddbf55667 ("mm/page_alloc: prevent merging between isolated and other pageblocks")
Signed-off-by: Muchun Song 
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka 
Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador 
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm: don't wake kswapd prematurely when watermark boosting is disabled

2020-12-30T10:51:27+00:00

[ Upstream commit 597c892038e08098b17ccfe65afd9677e6979800 ]

On 2-node NUMA hosts we see bursts of kswapd reclaim and subsequent
pressure spikes and stalls from cache refaults while there is plenty of
free memory in the system.

Usually, kswapd is woken up when all eligible nodes in an allocation are
full.  But the code related to watermark boosting can wake kswapd on one
full node while the other one is mostly empty.  This may be justified to
fight fragmentation, but is currently unconditionally done whether
watermark boosting is occurring or not.

In our case, many of our workloads' throughput scales with available
memory, and pure utilization is a more tangible concern than trends
around longer-term fragmentation.  As a result we generally disable
watermark boosting.

Wake kswapd only woken when watermark boosting is requested.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201020175833.397286-1-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Fixes: 1c30844d2dfe ("mm: reclaim small amounts of memory when an external fragmentation event occurs")
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner 
Acked-by: Mel Gorman 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

mm, page_alloc: skip ->waternark_boost for atomic order-0 allocations

2020-11-24T12:29:24+00:00

commit f80b08fc44536a311a9f3182e50f318b79076425 upstream.

When boosting is enabled, it is observed that rate of atomic order-0
allocation failures are high due to the fact that free levels in the
system are checked with ->watermark_boost offset.  This is not a problem
for sleepable allocations but for atomic allocations which looks like
regression.

This problem is seen frequently on system setup of Android kernel running
on Snapdragon hardware with 4GB RAM size.  When no extfrag event occurred
in the system, ->watermark_boost factor is zero, thus the watermark
configurations in the system are:

   _watermark = (
          [WMARK_MIN] = 1272, --> ~5MB
          [WMARK_LOW] = 9067, --> ~36MB
          [WMARK_HIGH] = 9385), --> ~38MB
   watermark_boost = 0

After launching some memory hungry applications in Android which can cause
extfrag events in the system to an extent that ->watermark_boost can be
set to max i.e.  default boost factor makes it to 150% of high watermark.

   _watermark = (
          [WMARK_MIN] = 1272, --> ~5MB
          [WMARK_LOW] = 9067, --> ~36MB
          [WMARK_HIGH] = 9385), --> ~38MB
   watermark_boost = 14077, -->~57MB

With default system configuration, for an atomic order-0 allocation to
succeed, having free memory of ~2MB will suffice.  But boosting makes the
min_wmark to ~61MB thus for an atomic order-0 allocation to be successful
system should have minimum of ~23MB of free memory(from calculations of
zone_watermark_ok(), min = 3/4(min/2)).  But failures are observed despite
system is having ~20MB of free memory.  In the testing, this is
reproducible as early as first 300secs since boot and with furtherlowram
configurations(<2GB) it is observed as early as first 150secs since boot.

These failures can be avoided by excluding the ->watermark_boost in
watermark caluculations for atomic order-0 allocations.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment grammar, reflow comment]
[charante@codeaurora.org: fix suggested by Mel Gorman]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/31556793-57b1-1c21-1a9d-22674d9bd938@codeaurora.org

Signed-off-by: Charan Teja Reddy 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka 
Cc: Vinayak Menon 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1589882284-21010-1-git-send-email-charante@codeaurora.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Ralph Siemsen 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

page_frag: Recover from memory pressure

2020-11-24T12:28:58+00:00

[ Upstream commit d8c19014bba8f565d8a2f1f46b4e38d1d97bf1a7 ]

The ethernet driver may allocate skb (and skb->data) via napi_alloc_skb().
This ends up to page_frag_alloc() to allocate skb->data from
page_frag_cache->va.

During the memory pressure, page_frag_cache->va may be allocated as
pfmemalloc page. As a result, the skb->pfmemalloc is always true as
skb->data is from page_frag_cache->va. The skb will be dropped if the
sock (receiver) does not have SOCK_MEMALLOC. This is expected behaviour
under memory pressure.

However, once kernel is not under memory pressure any longer (suppose large
amount of memory pages are just reclaimed), the page_frag_alloc() may still
re-use the prior pfmemalloc page_frag_cache->va to allocate skb->data. As a
result, the skb->pfmemalloc is always true unless page_frag_cache->va is
re-allocated, even if the kernel is not under memory pressure any longer.

Here is how kernel runs into issue.

1. The kernel is under memory pressure and allocation of
PAGE_FRAG_CACHE_MAX_ORDER in __page_frag_cache_refill() will fail. Instead,
the pfmemalloc page is allocated for page_frag_cache->va.

2: All skb->data from page_frag_cache->va (pfmemalloc) will have
skb->pfmemalloc=true. The skb will always be dropped by sock without
SOCK_MEMALLOC. This is an expected behaviour.

3. Suppose a large amount of pages are reclaimed and kernel is not under
memory pressure any longer. We expect skb->pfmemalloc drop will not happen.

4. Unfortunately, page_frag_alloc() does not proactively re-allocate
page_frag_alloc->va and will always re-use the prior pfmemalloc page. The
skb->pfmemalloc is always true even kernel is not under memory pressure any
longer.

Fix this by freeing and re-allocating the page instead of recycling it.

References: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20201103193239.1807-1-dongli.zhang@oracle.com/
References: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20201105042140.5253-1-willy@infradead.org/
Suggested-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) 
Cc: Aruna Ramakrishna 
Cc: Bert Barbe 
Cc: Rama Nichanamatlu 
Cc: Venkat Venkatsubra 
Cc: Manjunath Patil 
Cc: Joe Jin 
Cc: SRINIVAS 
Fixes: 79930f5892e1 ("net: do not deplete pfmemalloc reserve")
Signed-off-by: Dongli Zhang 
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka 
Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet 
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201115201029.11903-1-dongli.zhang@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm/page_owner: change split_page_owner to take a count

2020-10-29T08:57:52+00:00

[ Upstream commit 8fb156c9ee2db94f7127c930c89917634a1a9f56 ]

The implementation of split_page_owner() prefers a count rather than the
old order of the page.  When we support a variable size THP, we won't
have the order at this point, but we will have the number of pages.
So change the interface to what the caller and callee would prefer.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Reviewed-by: SeongJae Park 
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov 
Cc: Huang Ying 
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200908195539.25896-4-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

mm/error_inject: Fix allow_error_inject function signatures.

2020-10-29T08:57:37+00:00

[ Upstream commit 76cd61739fd107a7f7ec4c24a045e98d8ee150f0 ]

'static' and 'static noinline' function attributes make no guarantees that
gcc/clang won't optimize them. The compiler may decide to inline 'static'
function and in such case ALLOW_ERROR_INJECT becomes meaningless. The compiler
could have inlined __add_to_page_cache_locked() in one callsite and didn't
inline in another. In such case injecting errors into it would cause
unpredictable behavior. It's worse with 'static noinline' which won't be
inlined, but it still can be optimized. Like the compiler may decide to remove
one argument or constant propagate the value depending on the callsite.

To avoid such issues make sure that these functions are global noinline.

Fixes: af3b854492f3 ("mm/page_alloc.c: allow error injection")
Fixes: cfcbfb1382db ("mm/filemap.c: enable error injection at add_to_page_cache()")
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov 
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann 
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik 
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200827220114.69225-2-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

mm: khugepaged: recalculate min_free_kbytes after memory hotplug as expected by khugepaged

2020-10-14T08:33:05+00:00

commit 4aab2be0983031a05cb4a19696c9da5749523426 upstream.

When memory is hotplug added or removed the min_free_kbytes should be
recalculated based on what is expected by khugepaged.  Currently after
hotplug, min_free_kbytes will be set to a lower default and higher
default set when THP enabled is lost.

This change restores min_free_kbytes as expected for THP consumers.

[vijayb@linux.microsoft.com: v5]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1601398153-5517-1-git-send-email-vijayb@linux.microsoft.com

Fixes: f000565adb77 ("thp: set recommended min free kbytes")
Signed-off-by: Vijay Balakrishna 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Reviewed-by: Pavel Tatashin 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Allen Pais 
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli 
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" 
Cc: Oleg Nesterov 
Cc: Song Liu 
Cc: 
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1600305709-2319-2-git-send-email-vijayb@linux.microsoft.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1600204258-13683-1-git-send-email-vijayb@linux.microsoft.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm: replace memmap_context by meminit_context

2020-10-07T06:01:29+00:00

commit c1d0da83358a2316d9be7f229f26126dbaa07468 upstream.

Patch series "mm: fix memory to node bad links in sysfs", v3.

Sometimes, firmware may expose interleaved memory layout like this:

 Early memory node ranges
   node   1: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000011fffffff]
   node   2: [mem 0x0000000120000000-0x000000014fffffff]
   node   1: [mem 0x0000000150000000-0x00000001ffffffff]
   node   0: [mem 0x0000000200000000-0x000000048fffffff]
   node   2: [mem 0x0000000490000000-0x00000007ffffffff]

In that case, we can see memory blocks assigned to multiple nodes in
sysfs:

  $ ls -l /sys/devices/system/memory/memory21
  total 0
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     0 Aug 24 05:27 node1 -> ../../node/node1
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     0 Aug 24 05:27 node2 -> ../../node/node2
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Aug 24 05:27 online
  -r--r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Aug 24 05:27 phys_device
  -r--r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Aug 24 05:27 phys_index
  drwxr-xr-x 2 root root     0 Aug 24 05:27 power
  -r--r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Aug 24 05:27 removable
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Aug 24 05:27 state
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     0 Aug 24 05:25 subsystem -> ../../../../bus/memory
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Aug 24 05:25 uevent
  -r--r--r-- 1 root root 65536 Aug 24 05:27 valid_zones

The same applies in the node's directory with a memory21 link in both
the node1 and node2's directory.

This is wrong but doesn't prevent the system to run.  However when
later, one of these memory blocks is hot-unplugged and then hot-plugged,
the system is detecting an inconsistency in the sysfs layout and a
BUG_ON() is raised:

  kernel BUG at /Users/laurent/src/linux-ppc/mm/memory_hotplug.c:1084!
  LE PAGE_SIZE=64K MMU=Hash SMP NR_CPUS=2048 NUMA pSeries
  Modules linked in: rpadlpar_io rpaphp pseries_rng rng_core vmx_crypto gf128mul binfmt_misc ip_tables x_tables xfs libcrc32c crc32c_vpmsum autofs4
  CPU: 8 PID: 10256 Comm: drmgr Not tainted 5.9.0-rc1+ #25
  Call Trace:
    add_memory_resource+0x23c/0x340 (unreliable)
    __add_memory+0x5c/0xf0
    dlpar_add_lmb+0x1b4/0x500
    dlpar_memory+0x1f8/0xb80
    handle_dlpar_errorlog+0xc0/0x190
    dlpar_store+0x198/0x4a0
    kobj_attr_store+0x30/0x50
    sysfs_kf_write+0x64/0x90
    kernfs_fop_write+0x1b0/0x290
    vfs_write+0xe8/0x290
    ksys_write+0xdc/0x130
    system_call_exception+0x160/0x270
    system_call_common+0xf0/0x27c

This has been seen on PowerPC LPAR.

The root cause of this issue is that when node's memory is registered,
the range used can overlap another node's range, thus the memory block
is registered to multiple nodes in sysfs.

There are two issues here:

 (a) The sysfs memory and node's layouts are broken due to these
     multiple links

 (b) The link errors in link_mem_sections() should not lead to a system
     panic.

To address (a) register_mem_sect_under_node should not rely on the
system state to detect whether the link operation is triggered by a hot
plug operation or not.  This is addressed by the patches 1 and 2 of this
series.

Issue (b) will be addressed separately.

This patch (of 2):

The memmap_context enum is used to detect whether a memory operation is
due to a hot-add operation or happening at boot time.

Make it general to the hotplug operation and rename it as
meminit_context.

There is no functional change introduced by this patch

Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand 
Signed-off-by: Laurent Dufour 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand 
Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman 
Cc: "Rafael J . Wysocki" 
Cc: Nathan Lynch 
Cc: Scott Cheloha 
Cc: Tony Luck 
Cc: Fenghua Yu 
Cc: 
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200915094143.79181-1-ldufour@linux.ibm.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200915132624.9723-1-ldufour@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm, page_alloc: fix core hung in free_pcppages_bulk()

2020-08-26T08:40:51+00:00

commit 88e8ac11d2ea3acc003cf01bb5a38c8aa76c3cfd upstream.

The following race is observed with the repeated online, offline and a
delay between two successive online of memory blocks of movable zone.

P1						P2

Online the first memory block in
the movable zone. The pcp struct
values are initialized to default
values,i.e., pcp->high = 0 &
pcp->batch = 1.

					Allocate the pages from the
					movable zone.

Try to Online the second memory
block in the movable zone thus it
entered the online_pages() but yet
to call zone_pcp_update().
					This process is entered into
					the exit path thus it tries
					to release the order-0 pages
					to pcp lists through
					free_unref_page_commit().
					As pcp->high = 0, pcp->count = 1
					proceed to call the function
					free_pcppages_bulk().
Update the pcp values thus the
new pcp values are like, say,
pcp->high = 378, pcp->batch = 63.
					Read the pcp's batch value using
					READ_ONCE() and pass the same to
					free_pcppages_bulk(), pcp values
					passed here are, batch = 63,
					count = 1.

					Since num of pages in the pcp
					lists are less than ->batch,
					then it will stuck in
					while(list_empty(list)) loop
					with interrupts disabled thus
					a core hung.

Avoid this by ensuring free_pcppages_bulk() is called with proper count of
pcp list pages.

The mentioned race is some what easily reproducible without [1] because
pcp's are not updated for the first memory block online and thus there is
a enough race window for P2 between alloc+free and pcp struct values
update through onlining of second memory block.

With [1], the race still exists but it is very narrow as we update the pcp
struct values for the first memory block online itself.

This is not limited to the movable zone, it could also happen in cases
with the normal zone (e.g., hotplug to a node that only has DMA memory, or
no other memory yet).

[1]: https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/11696389/

Fixes: 5f8dcc21211a ("page-allocator: split per-cpu list into one-list-per-migrate-type")
Signed-off-by: Charan Teja Reddy 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand 
Acked-by: David Rientjes 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Vlastimil Babka 
Cc: Vinayak Menon 
Cc:  [2.6+]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1597150703-19003-1-git-send-email-charante@codeaurora.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm: include CMA pages in lowmem_reserve at boot

2020-08-26T08:40:51+00:00

commit e08d3fdfe2dafa0331843f70ce1ff6c1c4900bf4 upstream.

The lowmem_reserve arrays provide a means of applying pressure against
allocations from lower zones that were targeted at higher zones.  Its
values are a function of the number of pages managed by higher zones and
are assigned by a call to the setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve() function.

The function is initially called at boot time by the function
init_per_zone_wmark_min() and may be called later by accesses of the
/proc/sys/vm/lowmem_reserve_ratio sysctl file.

The function init_per_zone_wmark_min() was moved up from a module_init to
a core_initcall to resolve a sequencing issue with khugepaged.
Unfortunately this created a sequencing issue with CMA page accounting.

The CMA pages are added to the managed page count of a zone when
cma_init_reserved_areas() is called at boot also as a core_initcall.  This
makes it uncertain whether the CMA pages will be added to the managed page
counts of their zones before or after the call to
init_per_zone_wmark_min() as it becomes dependent on link order.  With the
current link order the pages are added to the managed count after the
lowmem_reserve arrays are initialized at boot.

This means the lowmem_reserve values at boot may be lower than the values
used later if /proc/sys/vm/lowmem_reserve_ratio is accessed even if the
ratio values are unchanged.

In many cases the difference is not significant, but for example
an ARM platform with 1GB of memory and the following memory layout

  cma: Reserved 256 MiB at 0x0000000030000000
  Zone ranges:
    DMA      [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000002fffffff]
    Normal   empty
    HighMem  [mem 0x0000000030000000-0x000000003fffffff]

would result in 0 lowmem_reserve for the DMA zone.  This would allow
userspace to deplete the DMA zone easily.

Funnily enough

  $ cat /proc/sys/vm/lowmem_reserve_ratio

would fix up the situation because as a side effect it forces
setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve.

This commit breaks the link order dependency by invoking
init_per_zone_wmark_min() as a postcore_initcall so that the CMA pages
have the chance to be properly accounted in their zone(s) and allowing
the lowmem_reserve arrays to receive consistent values.

Fixes: bc22af74f271 ("mm: update min_free_kbytes from khugepaged after core initialization")
Signed-off-by: Doug Berger 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Jason Baron 
Cc: David Rientjes 
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" 
Cc: 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1597423766-27849-1-git-send-email-opendmb@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman