<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux-stable.git/mm/oom_kill.c, branch v4.3</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel stable tree</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>mm, oom: remove unnecessary variable</title>
<updated>2015-09-08T22:35:28+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>David Rientjes</name>
<email>rientjes@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2015-09-08T22:00:47+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=75e8f8b24cb0dc4951267d31f0a49e5ce2f345c4'/>
<id>75e8f8b24cb0dc4951267d31f0a49e5ce2f345c4</id>
<content type='text'>
The "killed" variable in out_of_memory() can be removed since the call to
oom_kill_process() where we should block to allow the process time to
exit is obvious.

Signed-off-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Acked-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.com&gt;
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky &lt;sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The "killed" variable in out_of_memory() can be removed since the call to
oom_kill_process() where we should block to allow the process time to
exit is obvious.

Signed-off-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Acked-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.com&gt;
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky &lt;sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>mm, oom: do not panic for oom kills triggered from sysrq</title>
<updated>2015-09-08T22:35:28+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>David Rientjes</name>
<email>rientjes@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2015-09-08T22:00:42+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=071a4befebb655d6b31bf5c6bacd5a6df035224d'/>
<id>071a4befebb655d6b31bf5c6bacd5a6df035224d</id>
<content type='text'>
Sysrq+f is used to kill a process either for debug or when the VM is
otherwise unresponsive.

It is not intended to trigger a panic when no process may be killed.

Avoid panicking the system for sysrq+f when no processes are killed.

Signed-off-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Suggested-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky &lt;sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Sysrq+f is used to kill a process either for debug or when the VM is
otherwise unresponsive.

It is not intended to trigger a panic when no process may be killed.

Avoid panicking the system for sysrq+f when no processes are killed.

Signed-off-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Suggested-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky &lt;sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>mm, oom: pass an oom order of -1 when triggered by sysrq</title>
<updated>2015-09-08T22:35:28+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>David Rientjes</name>
<email>rientjes@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2015-09-08T22:00:39+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=54e9e29132d7caefcad470281cae06ac34a982c8'/>
<id>54e9e29132d7caefcad470281cae06ac34a982c8</id>
<content type='text'>
The force_kill member of struct oom_control isn't needed if an order of -1
is used instead.  This is the same as order == -1 in struct
compact_control which requires full memory compaction.

This patch introduces no functional change.

Signed-off-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky &lt;sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The force_kill member of struct oom_control isn't needed if an order of -1
is used instead.  This is the same as order == -1 in struct
compact_control which requires full memory compaction.

This patch introduces no functional change.

Signed-off-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky &lt;sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>mm, oom: organize oom context into struct</title>
<updated>2015-09-08T22:35:28+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>David Rientjes</name>
<email>rientjes@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2015-09-08T22:00:36+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=6e0fc46dc2152d3e2d25a5d5b640ae3586c247c6'/>
<id>6e0fc46dc2152d3e2d25a5d5b640ae3586c247c6</id>
<content type='text'>
There are essential elements to an oom context that are passed around to
multiple functions.

Organize these elements into a new struct, struct oom_control, that
specifies the context for an oom condition.

This patch introduces no functional change.

Signed-off-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Acked-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky &lt;sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
There are essential elements to an oom context that are passed around to
multiple functions.

Organize these elements into a new struct, struct oom_control, that
specifies the context for an oom condition.

This patch introduces no functional change.

Signed-off-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Acked-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky &lt;sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>mm/oom_kill.c: print points as unsigned int</title>
<updated>2015-06-25T00:49:44+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Wang Long</name>
<email>long.wanglong@huawei.com</email>
</author>
<published>2015-06-24T23:58:01+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=f0d6647e85050c6ca70d69a647e3c653dd9b349a'/>
<id>f0d6647e85050c6ca70d69a647e3c653dd9b349a</id>
<content type='text'>
In oom_kill_process(), the variable 'points' is unsigned int.  Print it as
such.

Signed-off-by: Wang Long &lt;long.wanglong@huawei.com&gt;
Acked-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
In oom_kill_process(), the variable 'points' is unsigned int.  Print it as
such.

Signed-off-by: Wang Long &lt;long.wanglong@huawei.com&gt;
Acked-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>mm: oom_kill: simplify OOM killer locking</title>
<updated>2015-06-25T00:49:43+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Johannes Weiner</name>
<email>hannes@cmpxchg.org</email>
</author>
<published>2015-06-24T23:57:19+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=dc56401fc9f25e8f93899991ec858c98a331d88c'/>
<id>dc56401fc9f25e8f93899991ec858c98a331d88c</id>
<content type='text'>
The zonelist locking and the oom_sem are two overlapping locks that are
used to serialize global OOM killing against different things.

The historical zonelist locking serializes OOM kills from allocations with
overlapping zonelists against each other to prevent killing more tasks
than necessary in the same memory domain.  Only when neither tasklists nor
zonelists from two concurrent OOM kills overlap (tasks in separate memcgs
bound to separate nodes) are OOM kills allowed to execute in parallel.

The younger oom_sem is a read-write lock to serialize OOM killing against
the PM code trying to disable the OOM killer altogether.

However, the OOM killer is a fairly cold error path, there is really no
reason to optimize for highly performant and concurrent OOM kills.  And
the oom_sem is just flat-out redundant.

Replace both locking schemes with a single global mutex serializing OOM
kills regardless of context.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner &lt;hannes@cmpxchg.org&gt;
Acked-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Acked-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Cc: Tetsuo Handa &lt;penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Dave Chinner &lt;david@fromorbit.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The zonelist locking and the oom_sem are two overlapping locks that are
used to serialize global OOM killing against different things.

The historical zonelist locking serializes OOM kills from allocations with
overlapping zonelists against each other to prevent killing more tasks
than necessary in the same memory domain.  Only when neither tasklists nor
zonelists from two concurrent OOM kills overlap (tasks in separate memcgs
bound to separate nodes) are OOM kills allowed to execute in parallel.

The younger oom_sem is a read-write lock to serialize OOM killing against
the PM code trying to disable the OOM killer altogether.

However, the OOM killer is a fairly cold error path, there is really no
reason to optimize for highly performant and concurrent OOM kills.  And
the oom_sem is just flat-out redundant.

Replace both locking schemes with a single global mutex serializing OOM
kills regardless of context.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner &lt;hannes@cmpxchg.org&gt;
Acked-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Acked-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Cc: Tetsuo Handa &lt;penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Dave Chinner &lt;david@fromorbit.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>mm: oom_kill: remove unnecessary locking in exit_oom_victim()</title>
<updated>2015-06-25T00:49:43+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Johannes Weiner</name>
<email>hannes@cmpxchg.org</email>
</author>
<published>2015-06-24T23:57:16+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=da51b14adb671829077da3aeb9e9edd6f8c80afe'/>
<id>da51b14adb671829077da3aeb9e9edd6f8c80afe</id>
<content type='text'>
Disabling the OOM killer needs to exclude allocators from entering, not
existing victims from exiting.

Right now the only waiter is suspend code, which achieves quiescence by
disabling the OOM killer.  But later on we want to add waits that hold
the lock instead to stop new victims from showing up.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner &lt;hannes@cmpxchg.org&gt;
Acked-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Acked-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Cc: Tetsuo Handa &lt;penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Dave Chinner &lt;david@fromorbit.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Disabling the OOM killer needs to exclude allocators from entering, not
existing victims from exiting.

Right now the only waiter is suspend code, which achieves quiescence by
disabling the OOM killer.  But later on we want to add waits that hold
the lock instead to stop new victims from showing up.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner &lt;hannes@cmpxchg.org&gt;
Acked-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Acked-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Cc: Tetsuo Handa &lt;penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Dave Chinner &lt;david@fromorbit.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>mm: oom_kill: generalize OOM progress waitqueue</title>
<updated>2015-06-25T00:49:43+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Johannes Weiner</name>
<email>hannes@cmpxchg.org</email>
</author>
<published>2015-06-24T23:57:13+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=c38f1025f2910d6183e9923d4b4d5804474b50c5'/>
<id>c38f1025f2910d6183e9923d4b4d5804474b50c5</id>
<content type='text'>
It turns out that the mechanism to wait for exiting OOM victims is less
generic than it looks: it won't issue wakeups unless the OOM killer is
disabled.

The reason this check was added was the thought that, since only the OOM
disabling code would wait on this queue, wakeup operations could be
saved when that specific consumer is known to be absent.

However, this is quite the handgrenade.  Later attempts to reuse the
waitqueue for other purposes will lead to completely unexpected bugs and
the failure mode will appear seemingly illogical.  Generally, providers
shouldn't make unnecessary assumptions about consumers.

This could have been replaced with waitqueue_active(), but it only saves
a few instructions in one of the coldest paths in the kernel.  Simply
remove it.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner &lt;hannes@cmpxchg.org&gt;
Acked-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Acked-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Cc: Tetsuo Handa &lt;penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Dave Chinner &lt;david@fromorbit.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
It turns out that the mechanism to wait for exiting OOM victims is less
generic than it looks: it won't issue wakeups unless the OOM killer is
disabled.

The reason this check was added was the thought that, since only the OOM
disabling code would wait on this queue, wakeup operations could be
saved when that specific consumer is known to be absent.

However, this is quite the handgrenade.  Later attempts to reuse the
waitqueue for other purposes will lead to completely unexpected bugs and
the failure mode will appear seemingly illogical.  Generally, providers
shouldn't make unnecessary assumptions about consumers.

This could have been replaced with waitqueue_active(), but it only saves
a few instructions in one of the coldest paths in the kernel.  Simply
remove it.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner &lt;hannes@cmpxchg.org&gt;
Acked-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Acked-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Cc: Tetsuo Handa &lt;penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Dave Chinner &lt;david@fromorbit.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>mm: oom_kill: switch test-and-clear of known TIF_MEMDIE to clear</title>
<updated>2015-06-25T00:49:43+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Johannes Weiner</name>
<email>hannes@cmpxchg.org</email>
</author>
<published>2015-06-24T23:57:10+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=464027785ff633468ecbb683ede14672d514b3d3'/>
<id>464027785ff633468ecbb683ede14672d514b3d3</id>
<content type='text'>
exit_oom_victim() already knows that TIF_MEMDIE is set, and nobody else
can clear it concurrently.  Use clear_thread_flag() directly.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner &lt;hannes@cmpxchg.org&gt;
Acked-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Acked-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Tetsuo Handa &lt;penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Dave Chinner &lt;david@fromorbit.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
exit_oom_victim() already knows that TIF_MEMDIE is set, and nobody else
can clear it concurrently.  Use clear_thread_flag() directly.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner &lt;hannes@cmpxchg.org&gt;
Acked-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Acked-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Tetsuo Handa &lt;penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Dave Chinner &lt;david@fromorbit.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>mm: oom_kill: clean up victim marking and exiting interfaces</title>
<updated>2015-06-25T00:49:43+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Johannes Weiner</name>
<email>hannes@cmpxchg.org</email>
</author>
<published>2015-06-24T23:57:07+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=16e951966f05da5ccd650104176f6ba289f7fa20'/>
<id>16e951966f05da5ccd650104176f6ba289f7fa20</id>
<content type='text'>
Rename unmark_oom_victim() to exit_oom_victim().  Marking and unmarking
are related in functionality, but the interface is not symmetrical at
all: one is an internal OOM killer function used during the killing, the
other is for an OOM victim to signal its own death on exit later on.
This has locking implications, see follow-up changes.

While at it, rename mark_tsk_oom_victim() to mark_oom_victim(), which
is easier on the eye.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner &lt;hannes@cmpxchg.org&gt;
Acked-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Acked-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Tetsuo Handa &lt;penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Dave Chinner &lt;david@fromorbit.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Rename unmark_oom_victim() to exit_oom_victim().  Marking and unmarking
are related in functionality, but the interface is not symmetrical at
all: one is an internal OOM killer function used during the killing, the
other is for an OOM victim to signal its own death on exit later on.
This has locking implications, see follow-up changes.

While at it, rename mark_tsk_oom_victim() to mark_oom_victim(), which
is easier on the eye.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner &lt;hannes@cmpxchg.org&gt;
Acked-by: David Rientjes &lt;rientjes@google.com&gt;
Acked-by: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Tetsuo Handa &lt;penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp&gt;
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli &lt;aarcange@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Dave Chinner &lt;david@fromorbit.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
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