linux-stable.git/mm/migrate.c, branch linux-3.12.y

mm: migrate dirty page without clear_page_dirty_for_io etc

2016-07-21T06:36:14+00:00

commit 42cb14b110a5698ccf26ce59c4441722605a3743 upstream.

clear_page_dirty_for_io() has accumulated writeback and memcg subtleties
since v2.6.16 first introduced page migration; and the set_page_dirty()
which completed its migration of PageDirty, later had to be moderated to
__set_page_dirty_nobuffers(); then PageSwapBacked had to skip that too.

No actual problems seen with this procedure recently, but if you look into
what the clear_page_dirty_for_io(page)+set_page_dirty(newpage) is actually
achieving, it turns out to be nothing more than moving the PageDirty flag,
and its NR_FILE_DIRTY stat from one zone to another.

It would be good to avoid a pile of irrelevant decrementations and
incrementations, and improper event counting, and unnecessary descent of
the radix_tree under tree_lock (to set the PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY which
radix_tree_replace_slot() left in place anyway).

Do the NR_FILE_DIRTY movement, like the other stats movements, while
interrupts still disabled in migrate_page_move_mapping(); and don't even
bother if the zone is the same.  Do the PageDirty movement there under
tree_lock too, where old page is frozen and newpage not yet visible:
bearing in mind that as soon as newpage becomes visible in radix_tree, an
un-page-locked set_page_dirty() might interfere (or perhaps that's just
not possible: anything doing so should already hold an additional
reference to the old page, preventing its migration; but play safe).

But we do still need to transfer PageDirty in migrate_page_copy(), for
those who don't go the mapping route through migrate_page_move_mapping().

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins 
Cc: Christoph Lameter 
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" 
Cc: Rik van Riel 
Cc: Vlastimil Babka 
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso 
Cc: Oleg Nesterov 
Cc: Sasha Levin 
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov 
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Charles (Chas) Williams 
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby

mm: Export migrate_page_move_mapping and migrate_page_copy

2016-07-21T06:36:02+00:00

commit 1118dce773d84f39ebd51a9fe7261f9169cb056e upstream.

Export these symbols such that UBIFS can implement
->migratepage.

Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger 
Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig 
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby

mm/balloon_compaction: redesign ballooned pages management

2016-05-13T13:09:25+00:00

commit d6d86c0a7f8ddc5b38cf089222cb1d9540762dc2 upstream.

Sasha Levin reported KASAN splash inside isolate_migratepages_range().
Problem is in the function __is_movable_balloon_page() which tests
AS_BALLOON_MAP in page->mapping->flags.  This function has no protection
against anonymous pages.  As result it tried to check address space flags
inside struct anon_vma.

Further investigation shows more problems in current implementation:

* Special branch in __unmap_and_move() never works:
  balloon_page_movable() checks page flags and page_count.  In
  __unmap_and_move() page is locked, reference counter is elevated, thus
  balloon_page_movable() always fails.  As a result execution goes to the
  normal migration path.  virtballoon_migratepage() returns
  MIGRATEPAGE_BALLOON_SUCCESS instead of MIGRATEPAGE_SUCCESS,
  move_to_new_page() thinks this is an error code and assigns
  newpage->mapping to NULL.  Newly migrated page lose connectivity with
  balloon an all ability for further migration.

* lru_lock erroneously required in isolate_migratepages_range() for
  isolation ballooned page.  This function releases lru_lock periodically,
  this makes migration mostly impossible for some pages.

* balloon_page_dequeue have a tight race with balloon_page_isolate:
  balloon_page_isolate could be executed in parallel with dequeue between
  picking page from list and locking page_lock.  Race is rare because they
  use trylock_page() for locking.

This patch fixes all of them.

Instead of fake mapping with special flag this patch uses special state of
page->_mapcount: PAGE_BALLOON_MAPCOUNT_VALUE = -256.  Buddy allocator uses
PAGE_BUDDY_MAPCOUNT_VALUE = -128 for similar purpose.  Storing mark
directly in struct page makes everything safer and easier.

PagePrivate is used to mark pages present in page list (i.e.  not
isolated, like PageLRU for normal pages).  It replaces special rules for
reference counter and makes balloon migration similar to migration of
normal pages.  This flag is protected by page_lock together with link to
the balloon device.

[js] backport to 3.12. MIGRATEPAGE_BALLOON_SUCCESS had to be removed
     from one more place. VM_BUG_ON_PAGE does not exist in 3.12 yet,
     use plain VM_BUG_ON.

Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov 
Reported-by: Sasha Levin 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/p/53E6CEAA.9020105@oracle.com
Cc: Rafael Aquini 
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Gavin Guo 
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby

mm: thp: give transparent hugepage code a separate copy_page

2015-04-09T11:13:54+00:00

commit 30b0a105d9f7141e4cbf72ae5511832457d89788 upstream.

Right now, the migration code in migrate_page_copy() uses copy_huge_page()
for hugetlbfs and thp pages:

       if (PageHuge(page) || PageTransHuge(page))
                copy_huge_page(newpage, page);

So, yay for code reuse.  But:

  void copy_huge_page(struct page *dst, struct page *src)
  {
        struct hstate *h = page_hstate(src);

and a non-hugetlbfs page has no page_hstate().  This works 99% of the
time because page_hstate() determines the hstate from the page order
alone.  Since the page order of a THP page matches the default hugetlbfs
page order, it works.

But, if you change the default huge page size on the boot command-line
(say default_hugepagesz=1G), then we might not even *have* a 2MB hstate
so page_hstate() returns null and copy_huge_page() oopses pretty fast
since copy_huge_page() dereferences the hstate:

  void copy_huge_page(struct page *dst, struct page *src)
  {
        struct hstate *h = page_hstate(src);
        if (unlikely(pages_per_huge_page(h) > MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES)) {
  ...

Mel noticed that the migration code is really the only user of these
functions.  This moves all the copy code over to migrate.c and makes
copy_huge_page() work for THP by checking for it explicitly.

I believe the bug was introduced in commit b32967ff101a ("mm: numa: Add
THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case")

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix coding-style and comment text, per Naoya Horiguchi]
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen 
Acked-by: Mel Gorman 
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi 
Cc: Hillf Danton 
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli 
Tested-by: Dave Jiang 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 

Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby

mm/hugetlb: take page table lock in follow_huge_pmd()

2015-03-16T10:40:24+00:00

commit e66f17ff71772b209eed39de35aaa99ba819c93d upstream.

We have a race condition between move_pages() and freeing hugepages, where
move_pages() calls follow_page(FOLL_GET) for hugepages internally and
tries to get its refcount without preventing concurrent freeing.  This
race crashes the kernel, so this patch fixes it by moving FOLL_GET code
for hugepages into follow_huge_pmd() with taking the page table lock.

This patch intentionally removes page==NULL check after pte_page.
This is justified because pte_page() never returns NULL for any
architectures or configurations.

This patch changes the behavior of follow_huge_pmd() for tail pages and
then tail pages can be pinned/returned.  So the caller must be changed to
properly handle the returned tail pages.

We could have a choice to add the similar locking to
follow_huge_(addr|pud) for consistency, but it's not necessary because
currently these functions don't support FOLL_GET flag, so let's leave it
for future development.

Here is the reproducer:

  $ cat movepages.c
  #include 
  #include 
  #include 

  #define ADDR_INPUT      0x700000000000UL
  #define HPS             0x200000
  #define PS              0x1000

  int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
          int i;
          int nr_hp = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 0);
          int nr_p  = nr_hp * HPS / PS;
          int ret;
          void **addrs;
          int *status;
          int *nodes;
          pid_t pid;

          pid = strtol(argv[2], NULL, 0);
          addrs  = malloc(sizeof(char *) * nr_p + 1);
          status = malloc(sizeof(char *) * nr_p + 1);
          nodes  = malloc(sizeof(char *) * nr_p + 1);

          while (1) {
                  for (i = 0; i < nr_p; i++) {
                          addrs[i] = (void *)ADDR_INPUT + i * PS;
                          nodes[i] = 1;
                          status[i] = 0;
                  }
                  ret = numa_move_pages(pid, nr_p, addrs, nodes, status,
                                        MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL);
                  if (ret == -1)
                          err("move_pages");

                  for (i = 0; i < nr_p; i++) {
                          addrs[i] = (void *)ADDR_INPUT + i * PS;
                          nodes[i] = 0;
                          status[i] = 0;
                  }
                  ret = numa_move_pages(pid, nr_p, addrs, nodes, status,
                                        MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL);
                  if (ret == -1)
                          err("move_pages");
          }
          return 0;
  }

  $ cat hugepage.c
  #include 
  #include 
  #include 

  #define ADDR_INPUT      0x700000000000UL
  #define HPS             0x200000

  int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
          int nr_hp = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 0);
          char *p;

          while (1) {
                  p = mmap((void *)ADDR_INPUT, nr_hp * HPS, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                           MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_HUGETLB, -1, 0);
                  if (p != (void *)ADDR_INPUT) {
                          perror("mmap");
                          break;
                  }
                  memset(p, 0, nr_hp * HPS);
                  munmap(p, nr_hp * HPS);
          }
  }

  $ sysctl vm.nr_hugepages=40
  $ ./hugepage 10 &
  $ ./movepages 10 $(pgrep -f hugepage)

Fixes: e632a938d914 ("mm: migrate: add hugepage migration code to move_pages()")
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi 
Reported-by: Hugh Dickins 
Cc: James Hogan 
Cc: David Rientjes 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Rik van Riel 
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli 
Cc: Luiz Capitulino 
Cc: Nishanth Aravamudan 
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn 
Cc: Steve Capper 
Cc: 	[3.12+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby  [backport to 3.12]

mm: let mm_find_pmd fix buggy race with THP fault

2015-01-09T10:28:28+00:00

commit f72e7dcdd25229446b102e587ef2f826f76bff28 upstream.

Trinity has reported:

    BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000018
    IP: __lock_acquire (kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3070 (discriminator 1))
    CPU: 6 PID: 16173 Comm: trinity-c364 Tainted: G        W
                            3.15.0-rc1-next-20140415-sasha-00020-gaa90d09 #398
    lock_acquire (arch/x86/include/asm/current.h:14
                  kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3602)
    _raw_spin_lock (include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:143
                    kernel/locking/spinlock.c:151)
    remove_migration_pte (mm/migrate.c:137)
    rmap_walk (mm/rmap.c:1628 mm/rmap.c:1699)
    remove_migration_ptes (mm/migrate.c:224)
    migrate_pages (mm/migrate.c:922 mm/migrate.c:960 mm/migrate.c:1126)
    migrate_misplaced_page (mm/migrate.c:1733)
    __handle_mm_fault (mm/memory.c:3762 mm/memory.c:3812 mm/memory.c:3925)
    handle_mm_fault (mm/memory.c:3948)
    __get_user_pages (mm/memory.c:1851)
    __mlock_vma_pages_range (mm/mlock.c:255)
    __mm_populate (mm/mlock.c:711)
    SyS_mlockall (include/linux/mm.h:1799 mm/mlock.c:817 mm/mlock.c:791)

I believe this comes about because, whereas collapsing and splitting THP
functions take anon_vma lock in write mode (which excludes concurrent
rmap walks), faulting THP functions (write protection and misplaced
NUMA) do not - and mostly they do not need to.

But they do use a pmdp_clear_flush(), set_pmd_at() sequence which, for
an instant (indeed, for a long instant, given the inter-CPU TLB flush in
there), leaves *pmd neither present not trans_huge.

Which can confuse a concurrent rmap walk, as when removing migration
ptes, seen in the dumped trace.  Although that rmap walk has a 4k page
to insert, anon_vmas containing THPs are in no way segregated from
4k-page anon_vmas, so the 4k-intent mm_find_pmd() does need to cope with
that instant when a trans_huge pmd is temporarily absent.

I don't think we need strengthen the locking at the THP end: it's easily
handled with an ACCESS_ONCE() before testing both conditions.

And since mm_find_pmd() had only one caller who wanted a THP rather than
a pmd, let's slightly repurpose it to fail when it hits a THP or
non-present pmd, and open code split_huge_page_address() again.

Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins 
Reported-by: Sasha Levin 
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov 
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Bob Liu 
Cc: Christoph Lameter 
Cc: Dave Jones 
Cc: David Rientjes 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby

mm: migrate: Close race between migration completion and mprotect

2014-10-13T14:09:18+00:00

commit d3cb8bf6081b8b7a2dabb1264fe968fd870fa595 upstream.

A migration entry is marked as write if pte_write was true at the time the
entry was created. The VMA protections are not double checked when migration
entries are being removed as mprotect marks write-migration-entries as
read. It means that potentially we take a spurious fault to mark PTEs write
again but it's straight-forward. However, there is a race between write
migrations being marked read and migrations finishing. This potentially
allows a PTE to be write that should have been read. Close this race by
double checking the VMA permissions using maybe_mkwrite when migration
completes.

[torvalds@linux-foundation.org: use maybe_mkwrite]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman 
Acked-by: Rik van Riel 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby

mm: fix direct reclaim writeback regression

2014-09-26T09:52:01+00:00

commit 8bdd638091605dc66d92c57c4b80eb87fffc15f7 upstream.

Shortly before 3.16-rc1, Dave Jones reported:

  WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 19721 at fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c:971
           xfs_vm_writepage+0x5ce/0x630 [xfs]()
  CPU: 3 PID: 19721 Comm: trinity-c61 Not tainted 3.15.0+ #3
  Call Trace:
    xfs_vm_writepage+0x5ce/0x630 [xfs]
    shrink_page_list+0x8f9/0xb90
    shrink_inactive_list+0x253/0x510
    shrink_lruvec+0x563/0x6c0
    shrink_zone+0x3b/0x100
    shrink_zones+0x1f1/0x3c0
    try_to_free_pages+0x164/0x380
    __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x822/0xc90
    alloc_pages_vma+0xaf/0x1c0
    handle_mm_fault+0xa31/0xc50
  etc.

 970   if (WARN_ON_ONCE((current->flags & (PF_MEMALLOC|PF_KSWAPD)) ==
 971                   PF_MEMALLOC))

I did not respond at the time, because a glance at the PageDirty block
in shrink_page_list() quickly shows that this is impossible: we don't do
writeback on file pages (other than tmpfs) from direct reclaim nowadays.
Dave was hallucinating, but it would have been disrespectful to say so.

However, my own /var/log/messages now shows similar complaints

  WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 28814 at fs/ext4/inode.c:1881 ext4_writepage+0xa7/0x38b()
  WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 27347 at fs/ext4/inode.c:1764 ext4_writepage+0xa7/0x38b()

from stressing some mmotm trees during July.

Could a dirty xfs or ext4 file page somehow get marked PageSwapBacked,
so fail shrink_page_list()'s page_is_file_cache() test, and so proceed
to mapping->a_ops->writepage()?

Yes, 3.16-rc1's commit 68711a746345 ("mm, migration: add destination
page freeing callback") has provided such a way to compaction: if
migrating a SwapBacked page fails, its newpage may be put back on the
list for later use with PageSwapBacked still set, and nothing will clear
it.

Whether that can do anything worse than issue WARN_ON_ONCEs, and get
some statistics wrong, is unclear: easier to fix than to think through
the consequences.

Fixing it here, before the put_new_page(), addresses the bug directly,
but is probably the worst place to fix it.  Page migration is doing too
many parts of the job on too many levels: fixing it in
move_to_new_page() to complement its SetPageSwapBacked would be
preferable, except why is it (and newpage->mapping and newpage->index)
done there, rather than down in migrate_page_move_mapping(), once we are
sure of success? Not a cleanup to get into right now, especially not
with memcg cleanups coming in 3.17.

Reported-by: Dave Jones 
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman 
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby

mm, migration: add destination page freeing callback

2014-09-26T09:51:59+00:00

commit 68711a746345c44ae00c64d8dbac6a9ce13ac54a upstream.

Memory migration uses a callback defined by the caller to determine how to
allocate destination pages.  When migration fails for a source page,
however, it frees the destination page back to the system.

This patch adds a memory migration callback defined by the caller to
determine how to free destination pages.  If a caller, such as memory
compaction, builds its own freelist for migration targets, this can reuse
already freed memory instead of scanning additional memory.

If the caller provides a function to handle freeing of destination pages,
it is called when page migration fails.  If the caller passes NULL then
freeing back to the system will be handled as usual.  This patch
introduces no functional change.

Signed-off-by: David Rientjes 
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi 
Acked-by: Mel Gorman 
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka 
Cc: Greg Thelen 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman 
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby

aio/migratepages: make aio migrate pages sane

2014-01-09T20:25:16+00:00

commit 8e321fefb0e60bae4e2a28d20fc4fa30758d27c6 upstream.

The arbitrary restriction on page counts offered by the core
migrate_page_move_mapping() code results in rather suspicious looking
fiddling with page reference counts in the aio_migratepage() operation.
To fix this, make migrate_page_move_mapping() take an extra_count parameter
that allows aio to tell the code about its own reference count on the page
being migrated.

While cleaning up aio_migratepage(), make it validate that the old page
being passed in is actually what aio_migratepage() expects to prevent
misbehaviour in the case of races.

Signed-off-by: Benjamin LaHaise 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman