linux-stable.git/mm/memblock.c, branch linux-3.13.y

mm/memblock.c: introduce bottom-up allocation mode

2013-11-13T03:09:08+00:00

The Linux kernel cannot migrate pages used by the kernel.  As a result,
kernel pages cannot be hot-removed.  So we cannot allocate hotpluggable
memory for the kernel.

ACPI SRAT (System Resource Affinity Table) contains the memory hotplug
info.  But before SRAT is parsed, memblock has already started to allocate
memory for the kernel.  So we need to prevent memblock from doing this.

In a memory hotplug system, any numa node the kernel resides in should be
unhotpluggable.  And for a modern server, each node could have at least
16GB memory.  So memory around the kernel image is highly likely
unhotpluggable.

So the basic idea is: Allocate memory from the end of the kernel image and
to the higher memory.  Since memory allocation before SRAT is parsed won't
be too much, it could highly likely be in the same node with kernel image.

The current memblock can only allocate memory top-down.  So this patch
introduces a new bottom-up allocation mode to allocate memory bottom-up.
And later when we use this allocation direction to allocate memory, we
will limit the start address above the kernel.

Signed-off-by: Tang Chen 
Signed-off-by: Zhang Yanfei 
Acked-by: Toshi Kani 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Ingo Molnar 
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" 
Cc: Tejun Heo 
Cc: Wanpeng Li 
Cc: Thomas Renninger 
Cc: Yinghai Lu 
Cc: Jiang Liu 
Cc: Wen Congyang 
Cc: Lai Jiangshan 
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu 
Cc: Taku Izumi 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz 
Cc: Minchan Kim 
Cc: Rik van Riel 
Cc: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/memblock.c: factor out of top-down allocation

2013-11-13T03:09:08+00:00

[Problem]

The current Linux cannot migrate pages used by the kernel because of the
kernel direct mapping.  In Linux kernel space, va = pa + PAGE_OFFSET.
When the pa is changed, we cannot simply update the pagetable and keep the
va unmodified.  So the kernel pages are not migratable.

There are also some other issues will cause the kernel pages not
migratable.  For example, the physical address may be cached somewhere and
will be used.  It is not to update all the caches.

When doing memory hotplug in Linux, we first migrate all the pages in one
memory device somewhere else, and then remove the device.  But if pages
are used by the kernel, they are not migratable.  As a result, memory used
by the kernel cannot be hot-removed.

Modifying the kernel direct mapping mechanism is too difficult to do.  And
it may cause the kernel performance down and unstable.  So we use the
following way to do memory hotplug.

[What we are doing]

In Linux, memory in one numa node is divided into several zones.  One of
the zones is ZONE_MOVABLE, which the kernel won't use.

In order to implement memory hotplug in Linux, we are going to arrange all
hotpluggable memory in ZONE_MOVABLE so that the kernel won't use these
memory.  To do this, we need ACPI's help.

In ACPI, SRAT(System Resource Affinity Table) contains NUMA info.  The
memory affinities in SRAT record every memory range in the system, and
also, flags specifying if the memory range is hotpluggable.  (Please refer
to ACPI spec 5.0 5.2.16)

With the help of SRAT, we have to do the following two things to achieve our
goal:

1. When doing memory hot-add, allow the users arranging hotpluggable as
   ZONE_MOVABLE.
   (This has been done by the MOVABLE_NODE functionality in Linux.)

2. when the system is booting, prevent bootmem allocator from allocating
   hotpluggable memory for the kernel before the memory initialization
   finishes.

The problem 2 is the key problem we are going to solve. But before solving it,
we need some preparation. Please see below.

[Preparation]

Bootloader has to load the kernel image into memory.  And this memory must
be unhotpluggable.  We cannot prevent this anyway.  So in a memory hotplug
system, we can assume any node the kernel resides in is not hotpluggable.

Before SRAT is parsed, we don't know which memory ranges are hotpluggable.
 But memblock has already started to work.  In the current kernel,
memblock allocates the following memory before SRAT is parsed:

setup_arch()
 |->memblock_x86_fill()            /* memblock is ready */
 |......
 |->early_reserve_e820_mpc_new()   /* allocate memory under 1MB */
 |->reserve_real_mode()            /* allocate memory under 1MB */
 |->init_mem_mapping()             /* allocate page tables, about 2MB to map 1GB memory */
 |->dma_contiguous_reserve()       /* specified by user, should be low */
 |->setup_log_buf()                /* specified by user, several mega bytes */
 |->relocate_initrd()              /* could be large, but will be freed after boot, should reorder */
 |->acpi_initrd_override()         /* several mega bytes */
 |->reserve_crashkernel()          /* could be large, should reorder */
 |......
 |->initmem_init()                 /* Parse SRAT */

According to Tejun's advice, before SRAT is parsed, we should try our best
to allocate memory near the kernel image.  Since the whole node the kernel
resides in won't be hotpluggable, and for a modern server, a node may have
at least 16GB memory, allocating several mega bytes memory around the
kernel image won't cross to hotpluggable memory.

[About this patchset]

So this patchset is the preparation for the problem 2 that we want to
solve.  It does the following:

1. Make memblock be able to allocate memory bottom up.
   1) Keep all the memblock APIs' prototype unmodified.
   2) When the direction is bottom up, keep the start address greater than the
      end of kernel image.

2. Improve init_mem_mapping() to support allocate page tables in
   bottom up direction.

3. Introduce "movable_node" boot option to enable and disable this
   functionality.

This patch (of 6):

Create a new function __memblock_find_range_top_down to factor out of
top-down allocation from memblock_find_in_range_node.  This is a
preparation because we will introduce a new bottom-up allocation mode in
the following patch.

Signed-off-by: Tang Chen 
Signed-off-by: Zhang Yanfei 
Acked-by: Tejun Heo 
Acked-by: Toshi Kani 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Ingo Molnar 
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" 
Cc: Wanpeng Li 
Cc: Thomas Renninger 
Cc: Yinghai Lu 
Cc: Jiang Liu 
Cc: Wen Congyang 
Cc: Lai Jiangshan 
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu 
Cc: Taku Izumi 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz 
Cc: Minchan Kim 
Cc: Rik van Riel 
Cc: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

memblock, numa: binary search node id

2013-09-11T22:57:51+00:00

Current early_pfn_to_nid() on arch that support memblock go over
memblock.memory one by one, so will take too many try near the end.

We can use existing memblock_search to find the node id for given pfn,
that could save some time on bigger system that have many entries
memblock.memory array.

Here are the timing differences for several machines.  In each case with
the patch less time was spent in __early_pfn_to_nid().

                        3.11-rc5        with patch      difference (%)
                        --------        ----------      --------------
UV1: 256 nodes  9TB:     411.66          402.47         -9.19 (2.23%)
UV2: 255 nodes 16TB:    1141.02         1138.12         -2.90 (0.25%)
UV2:  64 nodes  2TB:     128.15          126.53         -1.62 (1.26%)
UV2:  32 nodes  2TB:     121.87          121.07         -0.80 (0.66%)
                        Time in seconds.

Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu 
Cc: Tejun Heo 
Acked-by: Russ Anderson 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/memblock.c: fix wrong comment in __next_free_mem_range()

2013-07-09T17:33:23+00:00

Remove one redundant "nid" in the comment.

Signed-off-by: Tang Chen 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

memblock: fix missing comment of memblock_insert_region()

2013-04-29T22:54:38+00:00

There is no comment for parameter nid of memblock_insert_region().
This patch adds comment for it.

Signed-off-by: Tang Chen 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

memblock: add assertion for zero allocation alignment

2013-04-29T22:54:28+00:00

This came to light when calling memblock allocator from arc port (for
copying flattended DT).  If a "0" alignment is passed, the allocator
round_up() call incorrectly rounds up the size to 0.

round_up(num, alignto) => ((num - 1) | (alignto -1)) + 1

While the obvious allocation failure causes kernel to panic, it is better
to warn the caller to fix the code.

Tejun suggested that instead of BUG_ON(!align) - which might be
ineffective due to pending console init and such, it is better to WARN_ON,
and continue the boot with a reasonable default align.

Caller passing @size need not be handled similarly as the subsequent
panic will indicate that anyhow.

Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta 
Cc: Yinghai Lu 
Cc: Wanpeng Li 
Cc: Ingo Molnar 
Acked-by: Tejun Heo 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

x86, ACPI, mm: Revert movablemem_map support

2013-03-02T17:34:39+00:00

Tim found:

  WARNING: at arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c:324 topology_sane.isra.2+0x6f/0x80()
  Hardware name: S2600CP
  sched: CPU #1's llc-sibling CPU #0 is not on the same node! [node: 1 != 0]. Ignoring dependency.
  smpboot: Booting Node   1, Processors  #1
  Modules linked in:
  Pid: 0, comm: swapper/1 Not tainted 3.9.0-0-generic #1
  Call Trace:
    set_cpu_sibling_map+0x279/0x449
    start_secondary+0x11d/0x1e5

Don Morris reproduced on a HP z620 workstation, and bisected it to
commit e8d195525809 ("acpi, memory-hotplug: parse SRAT before memblock
is ready")

It turns out movable_map has some problems, and it breaks several things

1. numa_init is called several times, NOT just for srat. so those
	nodes_clear(numa_nodes_parsed)
	memset(&numa_meminfo, 0, sizeof(numa_meminfo))
   can not be just removed.  Need to consider sequence is: numaq, srat, amd, dummy.
   and make fall back path working.

2. simply split acpi_numa_init to early_parse_srat.
   a. that early_parse_srat is NOT called for ia64, so you break ia64.
   b.  for (i = 0; i < MAX_LOCAL_APIC; i++)
	     set_apicid_to_node(i, NUMA_NO_NODE)
     still left in numa_init. So it will just clear result from early_parse_srat.
     it should be moved before that....
   c.  it breaks ACPI_TABLE_OVERIDE...as the acpi table scan is moved
       early before override from INITRD is settled.

3. that patch TITLE is total misleading, there is NO x86 in the title,
   but it changes critical x86 code. It caused x86 guys did not
   pay attention to find the problem early. Those patches really should
   be routed via tip/x86/mm.

4. after that commit, following range can not use movable ram:
  a. real_mode code.... well..funny, legacy Node0 [0,1M) could be hot-removed?
  b. initrd... it will be freed after booting, so it could be on movable...
  c. crashkernel for kdump...: looks like we can not put kdump kernel above 4G
	anymore.
  d. init_mem_mapping: can not put page table high anymore.
  e. initmem_init: vmemmap can not be high local node anymore. That is
     not good.

If node is hotplugable, the mem related range like page table and
vmemmap could be on the that node without problem and should be on that
node.

We have workaround patch that could fix some problems, but some can not
be fixed.

So just remove that offending commit and related ones including:

 f7210e6c4ac7 ("mm/memblock.c: use CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP to
    protect movablecore_map in memblock_overlaps_region().")

 01a178a94e8e ("acpi, memory-hotplug: support getting hotplug info from
    SRAT")

 27168d38fa20 ("acpi, memory-hotplug: extend movablemem_map ranges to
    the end of node")

 e8d195525809 ("acpi, memory-hotplug: parse SRAT before memblock is
    ready")

 fb06bc8e5f42 ("page_alloc: bootmem limit with movablecore_map")

 42f47e27e761 ("page_alloc: make movablemem_map have higher priority")

 6981ec31146c ("page_alloc: introduce zone_movable_limit[] to keep
    movable limit for nodes")

 34b71f1e04fc ("page_alloc: add movable_memmap kernel parameter")

 4d59a75125d5 ("x86: get pg_data_t's memory from other node")

Later we should have patches that will make sure kernel put page table
and vmemmap on local node ram instead of push them down to node0.  Also
need to find way to put other kernel used ram to local node ram.

Reported-by: Tim Gardner 
Reported-by: Don Morris 
Bisected-by: Don Morris 
Tested-by: Don Morris 
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu 
Cc: Tony Luck 
Cc: Thomas Renninger 
Cc: Tejun Heo 
Cc: Tang Chen 
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/memblock.c: use CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP to protect movablecore_map in memblock_overlaps_region().

2013-02-24T01:50:14+00:00

The definition of struct movablecore_map is protected by
CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP but its use in memblock_overlaps_region()
is not.  So add CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP to protect the use of
movablecore_map in memblock_overlaps_region().

Signed-off-by: Tang Chen 
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

page_alloc: bootmem limit with movablecore_map

2013-02-24T01:50:14+00:00

Ensure the bootmem will not allocate memory from areas that may be
ZONE_MOVABLE.  The map info is from movablecore_map boot option.

Signed-off-by: Tang Chen 
Reviewed-by: Wen Congyang 
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan 
Tested-by: Lin Feng 
Cc: Wu Jianguo 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Ingo Molnar 
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

memblock: Add memblock_mem_size()

2013-01-30T03:32:57+00:00

Use it to get mem size under the limit_pfn.
to replace local version in x86 reserved_initrd.

-v2: remove not needed cast that is pointed out by HPA.

Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1359058816-7615-29-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin