commit ed65df63a39a3f6ed04f7258de8b6789e5021c18 upstream.
While writing an email explaining the "bit = 0" logic for a discussion on
making ftrace_test_recursion_trylock() disable preemption, I discovered a
path that makes the "not do the logic if bit is zero" unsafe.
The recursion logic is done in hot paths like the function tracer. Thus,
any code executed causes noticeable overhead. Thus, tricks are done to try
to limit the amount of code executed. This included the recursion testing
logic.
Having recursion testing is important, as there are many paths that can
end up in an infinite recursion cycle when tracing every function in the
kernel. Thus protection is needed to prevent that from happening.
Because it is OK to recurse due to different running context levels (e.g.
an interrupt preempts a trace, and then a trace occurs in the interrupt
handler), a set of bits are used to know which context one is in (normal,
softirq, irq and NMI). If a recursion occurs in the same level, it is
prevented*.
Then there are infrastructure levels of recursion as well. When more than
one callback is attached to the same function to trace, it calls a loop
function to iterate over all the callbacks. Both the callbacks and the
loop function have recursion protection. The callbacks use the
"ftrace_test_recursion_trylock()" which has a "function" set of context
bits to test, and the loop function calls the internal
trace_test_and_set_recursion() directly, with an "internal" set of bits.
If an architecture does not implement all the features supported by ftrace
then the callbacks are never called directly, and the loop function is
called instead, which will implement the features of ftrace.
Since both the loop function and the callbacks do recursion protection, it
was seemed unnecessary to do it in both locations. Thus, a trick was made
to have the internal set of recursion bits at a more significant bit
location than the function bits. Then, if any of the higher bits were set,
the logic of the function bits could be skipped, as any new recursion
would first have to go through the loop function.
This is true for architectures that do not support all the ftrace
features, because all functions being traced must first go through the
loop function before going to the callbacks. But this is not true for
architectures that support all the ftrace features. That's because the
loop function could be called due to two callbacks attached to the same
function, but then a recursion function inside the callback could be
called that does not share any other callback, and it will be called
directly.
i.e.
traced_function_1: [ more than one callback tracing it ]
call loop_func
loop_func:
trace_recursion set internal bit
call callback
callback:
trace_recursion [ skipped because internal bit is set, return 0 ]
call traced_function_2
traced_function_2: [ only traced by above callback ]
call callback
callback:
trace_recursion [ skipped because internal bit is set, return 0 ]
call traced_function_2
[ wash, rinse, repeat, BOOM! out of shampoo! ]
Thus, the "bit == 0 skip" trick is not safe, unless the loop function is
call for all functions.
Since we want to encourage architectures to implement all ftrace features,
having them slow down due to this extra logic may encourage the
maintainers to update to the latest ftrace features. And because this
logic is only safe for them, remove it completely.
[*] There is on layer of recursion that is allowed, and that is to allow
for the transition between interrupt context (normal -> softirq ->
irq -> NMI), because a trace may occur before the context update is
visible to the trace recursion logic.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/609b565a-ed6e-a1da-f025-166691b5d994@linux.alibaba.com/
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211018154412.09fcad3c@gandalf.local.home
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <James.Bottomley@hansenpartnership.com>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jikos@kernel.org>
Cc: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Cc: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
Cc: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: "Peter Zijlstra (Intel)" <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Jisheng Zhang <jszhang@kernel.org>
Cc: =?utf-8?b?546L6LSH?= <yun.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: edc15cafcbfa3 ("tracing: Avoid unnecessary multiple recursion checks")
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 5afedf670caf30a2b5a52da96eb7eac7dee6a9c9 ]
There is an use-after-free problem triggered by following process:
P1(sda) P2(sdb)
echo 0 > /sys/block/sdb/trace/enable
blk_trace_remove_queue
synchronize_rcu
blk_trace_free
relay_close
rcu_read_lock
__blk_add_trace
trace_note_tsk
(Iterate running_trace_list)
relay_close_buf
relay_destroy_buf
kfree(buf)
trace_note(sdb's bt)
relay_reserve
buf->offset <- nullptr deference (use-after-free) !!!
rcu_read_unlock
[ 502.714379] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address:
0000000000000010
[ 502.715260] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
[ 502.715903] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
[ 502.716546] PGD 103984067 P4D 103984067 PUD 17592b067 PMD 0
[ 502.717252] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
[ 502.720308] RIP: 0010:trace_note.isra.0+0x86/0x360
[ 502.732872] Call Trace:
[ 502.733193] __blk_add_trace.cold+0x137/0x1a3
[ 502.733734] blk_add_trace_rq+0x7b/0xd0
[ 502.734207] blk_add_trace_rq_issue+0x54/0xa0
[ 502.734755] blk_mq_start_request+0xde/0x1b0
[ 502.735287] scsi_queue_rq+0x528/0x1140
...
[ 502.742704] sg_new_write.isra.0+0x16e/0x3e0
[ 502.747501] sg_ioctl+0x466/0x1100
Reproduce method:
ioctl(/dev/sda, BLKTRACESETUP, blk_user_trace_setup[buf_size=127])
ioctl(/dev/sda, BLKTRACESTART)
ioctl(/dev/sdb, BLKTRACESETUP, blk_user_trace_setup[buf_size=127])
ioctl(/dev/sdb, BLKTRACESTART)
echo 0 > /sys/block/sdb/trace/enable &
// Add delay(mdelay/msleep) before kernel enters blk_trace_free()
ioctl$SG_IO(/dev/sda, SG_IO, ...)
// Enters trace_note_tsk() after blk_trace_free() returned
// Use mdelay in rcu region rather than msleep(which may schedule out)
Remove blk_trace from running_list before calling blk_trace_free() by
sysfs if blk_trace is at Blktrace_running state.
Fixes: c71a896154119f ("blktrace: add ftrace plugin")
Signed-off-by: Zhihao Cheng <chengzhihao1@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210923134921.109194-1-chengzhihao1@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
[ Upstream commit 6fe7c745f2acb73e4cc961d7f91125eef5a8861f ]
Fixes a build error when CONFIG_HIST_TRIGGERS=n with boot-time
tracing. Since the trigger_process_regex() is defined only
when CONFIG_HIST_TRIGGERS=y, if it is disabled, the 'actions'
event option also must be disabled.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/162856123376.203126.582144262622247352.stgit@devnote2
Fixes: 81a59555ff15 ("tracing/boot: Add per-event settings")
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
[ Upstream commit 8e242060c6a4947e8ae7d29794af6a581db08841 ] Since kprobe_events and uprobe_events only check whether the other same-type probe event has the same name or not, if the user gives the same name of the existing tracepoint event (or the other type of probe events), it silently fails to create the tracefs entry (but registered.) as below. /sys/kernel/tracing # ls events/task/task_rename enable filter format hist id trigger /sys/kernel/tracing # echo p:task/task_rename vfs_read >> kprobe_events [ 113.048508] Could not create tracefs 'task_rename' directory /sys/kernel/tracing # cat kprobe_events p:task/task_rename vfs_read To fix this issue, check whether the existing events have the same name or not in trace_probe_register_event_call(). If exists, it rejects to register the new event. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/162936876189.187130.17558311387542061930.stgit@devnote2 Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
[ Upstream commit 5acce0bff2a0420ce87d4591daeb867f47d552c2 ]
The following commands:
# echo 'read_max u64 size;' > synthetic_events
# echo 'hist:keys=common_pid:count=count:onmax($count).trace(read_max,count)' > events/syscalls/sys_enter_read/trigger
Causes:
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
#PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
#PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
PGD 0 P4D 0
Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
CPU: 4 PID: 1763 Comm: bash Not tainted 5.14.0-rc2-test+ #155
Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq Pro 6300 SFF/339A, BIOS K01
v03.03 07/14/2016
RIP: 0010:strcmp+0xc/0x20
Code: 75 f7 31 c0 0f b6 0c 06 88 0c 02 48 83 c0 01 84 c9 75 f1 4c 89 c0
c3 0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00 31 c0 eb 08 48 83 c0 01 84 d2 74 0f <0f> b6 14 07
3a 14 06 74 ef 19 c0 83 c8 01 c3 31 c0 c3 66 90 48 89
RSP: 0018:ffffb5fdc0963ca8 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffffffb3a4e040 RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffff9714c0d0b640 RDI: 0000000000000000
RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 00000022986b7cde R09: ffffffffb3a4dff8
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff9714c50603c8
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: ffff97143fdf9e48 R15: ffff9714c01a2210
FS: 00007f1fa6785740(0000) GS:ffff9714da400000(0000)
knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 000000002d863004 CR4: 00000000001706e0
Call Trace:
__find_event_file+0x4e/0x80
action_create+0x6b7/0xeb0
? kstrdup+0x44/0x60
event_hist_trigger_func+0x1a07/0x2130
trigger_process_regex+0xbd/0x110
event_trigger_write+0x71/0xd0
vfs_write+0xe9/0x310
ksys_write+0x68/0xe0
do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x90
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
RIP: 0033:0x7f1fa6879e87
The problem was the "trace(read_max,count)" where the "count" should be
"$count" as "onmax()" only handles variables (although it really should be
able to figure out that "count" is a field of sys_enter_read). But there's
a path that does not find the variable and ends up passing a NULL for the
event, which ends up getting passed to "strcmp()".
Add a check for NULL to return and error on the command with:
# cat error_log
hist:syscalls:sys_enter_read: error: Couldn't create or find variable
Command: hist:keys=common_pid:count=count:onmax($count).trace(read_max,count)
^
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210808003011.4037f8d0@oasis.local.home
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 50450603ec9cb tracing: Add 'onmax' hist trigger action support
Reviewed-by: Tom Zanussi <zanussi@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
commit 51e1bb9eeaf7868db56e58f47848e364ab4c4129 upstream.
Back then, commit 96ae52279594 ("bpf: Add bpf_probe_write_user BPF helper
to be called in tracers") added the bpf_probe_write_user() helper in order
to allow to override user space memory. Its original goal was to have a
facility to "debug, divert, and manipulate execution of semi-cooperative
processes" under CAP_SYS_ADMIN. Write to kernel was explicitly disallowed
since it would otherwise tamper with its integrity.
One use case was shown in cf9b1199de27 ("samples/bpf: Add test/example of
using bpf_probe_write_user bpf helper") where the program DNATs traffic
at the time of connect(2) syscall, meaning, it rewrites the arguments to
a syscall while they're still in userspace, and before the syscall has a
chance to copy the argument into kernel space. These days we have better
mechanisms in BPF for achieving the same (e.g. for load-balancers), but
without having to write to userspace memory.
Of course the bpf_probe_write_user() helper can also be used to abuse
many other things for both good or bad purpose. Outside of BPF, there is
a similar mechanism for ptrace(2) such as PTRACE_PEEK{TEXT,DATA} and
PTRACE_POKE{TEXT,DATA}, but would likely require some more effort.
Commit 96ae52279594 explicitly dedicated the helper for experimentation
purpose only. Thus, move the helper's availability behind a newly added
LOCKDOWN_BPF_WRITE_USER lockdown knob so that the helper is disabled under
the "integrity" mode. More fine-grained control can be implemented also
from LSM side with this change.
Fixes: 96ae52279594 ("bpf: Add bpf_probe_write_user BPF helper to be called in tracers")
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit ff41c28c4b54052942180d8b3f49e75f1445135a upstream.
The event_trace_add_tracer() can fail. In this case, it leads to a crash
in start_creating with below call stack. Handle the error scenario
properly in trace_array_create_dir.
Call trace:
down_write+0x7c/0x204
start_creating.25017+0x6c/0x194
tracefs_create_file+0xc4/0x2b4
init_tracer_tracefs+0x5c/0x940
trace_array_create_dir+0x58/0xb4
trace_array_create+0x1bc/0x2b8
trace_array_get_by_name+0xdc/0x18c
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1627651386-21315-1-git-send-email-kamaagra@codeaurora.org
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 4114fbfd02f1 ("tracing: Enable creating new instance early boot")
Signed-off-by: Kamal Agrawal <kamaagra@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit a9d10ca4986571bffc19778742d508cc8dd13e02 upstream.
Since the string type can not be the target of the addition / subtraction
operation, it must be rejected. Without this fix, the string type silently
converted to digits.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/162742654278.290973.1523000673366456634.stgit@devnote2
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 100719dcef447 ("tracing: Add simple expression support to hist triggers")
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 2c05caa7ba8803209769b9e4fe02c38d77ae88d0 upstream.
When working on my user space applications, I found a bug in the synthetic
event code where the automated synthetic event field was not matching the
event field calculation it was attached to. Looking deeper into it, it was
because the calculation hist_field was not given a size.
The synthetic event fields are matched to their hist_fields either by
having the field have an identical string type, or if that does not match,
then the size and signed values are used to match the fields.
The problem arose when I tried to match a calculation where the fields
were "unsigned int". My tool created a synthetic event of type "u32". But
it failed to match. The string was:
diff=field1-field2:onmatch(event).trace(synth,$diff)
Adding debugging into the kernel, I found that the size of "diff" was 0.
And since it was given "unsigned int" as a type, the histogram fallback
code used size and signed. The signed matched, but the size of u32 (4) did
not match zero, and the event failed to be created.
This can be worse if the field you want to match is not one of the
acceptable fields for a synthetic event. As event fields can have any type
that is supported in Linux, this can cause an issue. For example, if a
type is an enum. Then there's no way to use that with any calculations.
Have the calculation field simply take on the size of what it is
calculating.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210730171951.59c7743f@oasis.local.home
Cc: Tom Zanussi <zanussi@kernel.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 100719dcef447 ("tracing: Add simple expression support to hist triggers")
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 3b13911a2fd0dd0146c9777a254840c5466cf120 upstream.
Performing the following:
># echo 'wakeup_lat s32 pid; u64 delta; char wake_comm[]' > synthetic_events
># echo 'hist:keys=pid:__arg__1=common_timestamp.usecs' > events/sched/sched_waking/trigger
># echo 'hist:keys=next_pid:pid=next_pid,delta=common_timestamp.usecs-$__arg__1:onmatch(sched.sched_waking).trace(wakeup_lat,$pid,$delta,prev_comm)'\
> events/sched/sched_switch/trigger
># echo 1 > events/synthetic/enable
Crashed the kernel:
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 000000000000001b
#PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
#PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
PGD 0 P4D 0
Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
CPU: 7 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/7 Not tainted 5.13.0-rc5-test+ #104
Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq Pro 6300 SFF/339A, BIOS K01 v03.03 07/14/2016
RIP: 0010:strlen+0x0/0x20
Code: f6 82 80 2b 0b bc 20 74 11 0f b6 50 01 48 83 c0 01 f6 82 80 2b 0b bc
20 75 ef c3 66 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00 <80> 3f 00 74 10
48 89 f8 48 83 c0 01 80 38 9 f8 c3 31
RSP: 0018:ffffaa75000d79d0 EFLAGS: 00010046
RAX: 0000000000000002 RBX: ffff9cdb55575270 RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: ffff9cdb58c7a320 RSI: ffffaa75000d7b40 RDI: 000000000000001b
RBP: ffffaa75000d7b40 R08: ffff9cdb40a4f010 R09: ffffaa75000d7ab8
R10: ffff9cdb4398c700 R11: 0000000000000008 R12: ffff9cdb58c7a320
R13: ffff9cdb55575270 R14: ffff9cdb58c7a000 R15: 0000000000000018
FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff9cdb5aa00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 000000000000001b CR3: 00000000c0612006 CR4: 00000000001706e0
Call Trace:
trace_event_raw_event_synth+0x90/0x1d0
action_trace+0x5b/0x70
event_hist_trigger+0x4bd/0x4e0
? cpumask_next_and+0x20/0x30
? update_sd_lb_stats.constprop.0+0xf6/0x840
? __lock_acquire.constprop.0+0x125/0x550
? find_held_lock+0x32/0x90
? sched_clock_cpu+0xe/0xd0
? lock_release+0x155/0x440
? update_load_avg+0x8c/0x6f0
? enqueue_entity+0x18a/0x920
? __rb_reserve_next+0xe5/0x460
? ring_buffer_lock_reserve+0x12a/0x3f0
event_triggers_call+0x52/0xe0
trace_event_buffer_commit+0x1ae/0x240
trace_event_raw_event_sched_switch+0x114/0x170
__traceiter_sched_switch+0x39/0x50
__schedule+0x431/0xb00
schedule_idle+0x28/0x40
do_idle+0x198/0x2e0
cpu_startup_entry+0x19/0x20
secondary_startup_64_no_verify+0xc2/0xcb
The reason is that the dynamic events array keeps track of the field
position of the fields array, via the field_pos variable in the
synth_field structure. Unfortunately, that field is a boolean for some
reason, which means any field_pos greater than 1 will be a bug (in this
case it was 2).
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210721191008.638bce34@oasis.local.home
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: bd82631d7ccdc ("tracing: Add support for dynamic strings to synthetic events")
Reviewed-by: Tom Zanussi <zanussi@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>