linux-stable.git/kernel/sched, branch v3.16.40

sched/core: Fix a race between try_to_wake_up() and a woken up task

2016-11-20T01:17:22+00:00

commit 135e8c9250dd5c8c9aae5984fde6f230d0cbfeaf upstream.

The origin of the issue I've seen is related to
a missing memory barrier between check for task->state and
the check for task->on_rq.

The task being woken up is already awake from a schedule()
and is doing the following:

	do {
		schedule()
		set_current_state(TASK_(UN)INTERRUPTIBLE);
	} while (!cond);

The waker, actually gets stuck doing the following in
try_to_wake_up():

	while (p->on_cpu)
		cpu_relax();

Analysis:

The instance I've seen involves the following race:

 CPU1					CPU2

 while () {
   if (cond)
     break;
   do {
     schedule();
     set_current_state(TASK_UN..)
   } while (!cond);
					wakeup_routine()
					  spin_lock_irqsave(wait_lock)
   raw_spin_lock_irqsave(wait_lock)	  wake_up_process()
 }					  try_to_wake_up()
 set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);	  ..
 list_del(&waiter.list);

CPU2 wakes up CPU1, but before it can get the wait_lock and set
current state to TASK_RUNNING the following occurs:

 CPU3
 wakeup_routine()
 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(wait_lock)
 if (!list_empty)
   wake_up_process()
   try_to_wake_up()
   raw_spin_lock_irqsave(p->pi_lock)
   ..
   if (p->on_rq && ttwu_wakeup())
   ..
   while (p->on_cpu)
     cpu_relax()
   ..

CPU3 tries to wake up the task on CPU1 again since it finds
it on the wait_queue, CPU1 is spinning on wait_lock, but immediately
after CPU2, CPU3 got it.

CPU3 checks the state of p on CPU1, it is TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE and
the task is spinning on the wait_lock. Interestingly since p->on_rq
is checked under pi_lock, I've noticed that try_to_wake_up() finds
p->on_rq to be 0. This was the most confusing bit of the analysis,
but p->on_rq is changed under runqueue lock, rq_lock, the p->on_rq
check is not reliable without this fix IMHO. The race is visible
(based on the analysis) only when ttwu_queue() does a remote wakeup
via ttwu_queue_remote. In which case the p->on_rq change is not
done uder the pi_lock.

The result is that after a while the entire system locks up on
the raw_spin_irqlock_save(wait_lock) and the holder spins infintely

Reproduction of the issue:

The issue can be reproduced after a long run on my system with 80
threads and having to tweak available memory to very low and running
memory stress-ng mmapfork test. It usually takes a long time to
reproduce. I am trying to work on a test case that can reproduce
the issue faster, but thats work in progress. I am still testing the
changes on my still in a loop and the tests seem OK thus far.

Big thanks to Benjamin and Nick for helping debug this as well.
Ben helped catch the missing barrier, Nick caught every missing
bit in my theory.

Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh 
[ Updated comment to clarify matching barriers. Many
  architectures do not have a full barrier in switch_to()
  so that cannot be relied upon. ]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt 
Cc: Alexey Kardashevskiy 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Nicholas Piggin 
Cc: Nicholas Piggin 
Cc: Oleg Nesterov 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/e02cce7b-d9ca-1ad0-7a61-ea97c7582b37@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

sched/cputime: Fix prev steal time accouting during CPU hotplug

2016-11-20T01:16:40+00:00

commit 3d89e5478bf550a50c99e93adf659369798263b0 upstream.

Commit:

  e9532e69b8d1 ("sched/cputime: Fix steal time accounting vs. CPU hotplug")

... set rq->prev_* to 0 after a CPU hotplug comes back, in order to
fix the case where (after CPU hotplug) steal time is smaller than
rq->prev_steal_time.

However, this should never happen. Steal time was only smaller because of the
KVM-specific bug fixed by the previous patch.  Worse, the previous patch
triggers a bug on CPU hot-unplug/plug operation: because
rq->prev_steal_time is cleared, all of the CPU's past steal time will be
accounted again on hot-plug.

Since the root cause has been fixed, we can just revert commit e9532e69b8d1.

Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li 
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini 
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Mike Galbraith 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Radim Krčmář 
Cc: Rik van Riel 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Fixes: 'commit e9532e69b8d1 ("sched/cputime: Fix steal time accounting vs. CPU hotplug")'
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1465813966-3116-3-git-send-email-wanpeng.li@hotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

kernel/sysrq, watchdog, sched/core: Reset watchdog on all CPUs while processing sysrq-w

2016-08-22T21:38:15+00:00

commit 57675cb976eff977aefb428e68e4e0236d48a9ff upstream.

Lengthy output of sysrq-w may take a lot of time on slow serial console.

Currently we reset NMI-watchdog on the current CPU to avoid spurious
lockup messages. Sometimes this doesn't work since softlockup watchdog
might trigger on another CPU which is waiting for an IPI to proceed.
We reset softlockup watchdogs on all CPUs, but we do this only after
listing all tasks, and this may be too late on a busy system.

So, reset watchdogs CPUs earlier, in for_each_process_thread() loop.

Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1465474805-14641-1-git-send-email-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

sched/loadavg: Fix loadavg artifacts on fully idle and on fully loaded systems

2016-08-22T21:37:58+00:00

commit 20878232c52329f92423d27a60e48b6a6389e0dd upstream.

Systems show a minimal load average of 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 even when they
have no load at all.

Uptime and /proc/loadavg on all systems with kernels released during the
last five years up until kernel version 4.6-rc5, show a 5- and 15-minute
minimum loadavg of 0.01 and 0.05 respectively. This should be 0.00 on
idle systems, but the way the kernel calculates this value prevents it
from getting lower than the mentioned values.

Likewise but not as obviously noticeable, a fully loaded system with no
processes waiting, shows a maximum 1/5/15 loadavg of 1.00, 0.99, 0.95
(multiplied by number of cores).

Once the (old) load becomes 93 or higher, it mathematically can never
get lower than 93, even when the active (load) remains 0 forever.
This results in the strange 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 uptime values on idle
systems.  Note: 93/2048 = 0.0454..., which rounds up to 0.05.

It is not correct to add a 0.5 rounding (=1024/2048) here, since the
result from this function is fed back into the next iteration again,
so the result of that +0.5 rounding value then gets multiplied by
(2048-2037), and then rounded again, so there is a virtual "ghost"
load created, next to the old and active load terms.

By changing the way the internally kept value is rounded, that internal
value equivalent now can reach 0.00 on idle, and 1.00 on full load. Upon
increasing load, the internally kept load value is rounded up, when the
load is decreasing, the load value is rounded down.

The modified code was tested on nohz=off and nohz kernels. It was tested
on vanilla kernel 4.6-rc5 and on centos 7.1 kernel 3.10.0-327. It was
tested on single, dual, and octal cores system. It was tested on virtual
hosts and bare hardware. No unwanted effects have been observed, and the
problems that the patch intended to fix were indeed gone.

Tested-by: Damien Wyart 
Signed-off-by: Vik Heyndrickx 
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Cc: Doug Smythies 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Mike Galbraith 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Fixes: 0f004f5a696a ("sched: Cure more NO_HZ load average woes")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/e8d32bff-d544-7748-72b5-3c86cc71f09f@veribox.net
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: adjust filename]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

sched, dl: Convert switched_{from, to}_dl() / prio_changed_dl() to balance callbacks

2016-06-15T20:29:36+00:00

commit 9916e214998a4a363b152b637245e5c958067350 upstream.

Remove the direct {push,pull} balancing operations from
switched_{from,to}_dl() / prio_changed_dl() and use the balance
callback queue.

Again, err on the side of too many reschedules; since too few is a
hard bug while too many is just annoying.

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Cc: ktkhai@parallels.com
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: juri.lelli@gmail.com
Cc: pang.xunlei@linaro.org
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Cc: wanpeng.li@linux.intel.com
Cc: umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150611124742.968262663@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner 
[Conflicts: kernel/sched/deadline.c]
Signed-off-by: Byungchul Park 
[bwh: Backported to 3.16:
 - The check_resched / !CONFIG_SMP case in switched_to_dl() is different
 - Adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

sched,dl: Remove return value from pull_dl_task()

2016-06-15T20:29:36+00:00

commit 0ea60c2054fc3b0c3eb68ac4f6884f3ee78d9925 upstream.

In order to be able to use pull_dl_task() from a callback, we need to
do away with the return value.

Since the return value indicates if we should reschedule, do this
inside the function. Since not all callers currently do this, this can
increase the number of reschedules due rt balancing.

Too many reschedules is not a correctness issues, too few are.

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Cc: ktkhai@parallels.com
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: juri.lelli@gmail.com
Cc: pang.xunlei@linaro.org
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Cc: wanpeng.li@linux.intel.com
Cc: umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150611124742.859398977@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner 
[Conflicts: kernel/sched/deadline.c]
Signed-off-by: Byungchul Park 
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: use resched_task() instead of resched_curr()]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

sched, rt: Convert switched_{from, to}_rt() / prio_changed_rt() to balance callbacks

2016-06-15T20:29:35+00:00

commit 9916e214998a4a363b152b637245e5c958067350 upstream.

Remove the direct {push,pull} balancing operations from
switched_{from,to}_rt() / prio_changed_rt() and use the balance
callback queue.

Again, err on the side of too many reschedules; since too few is a
hard bug while too many is just annoying.

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Cc: ktkhai@parallels.com
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: juri.lelli@gmail.com
Cc: pang.xunlei@linaro.org
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Cc: wanpeng.li@linux.intel.com
Cc: umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150611124742.766832367@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner 
[Conflicts: kernel/sched/rt.c]
Signed-off-by: Byungchul Park 
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

sched,rt: Remove return value from pull_rt_task()

2016-06-15T20:29:35+00:00

commit 8046d6806247088de5725eaf8a2580b29e50ac5a upstream.

In order to be able to use pull_rt_task() from a callback, we need to
do away with the return value.

Since the return value indicates if we should reschedule, do this
inside the function. Since not all callers currently do this, this can
increase the number of reschedules due rt balancing.

Too many reschedules is not a correctness issues, too few are.

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Cc: ktkhai@parallels.com
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: juri.lelli@gmail.com
Cc: pang.xunlei@linaro.org
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Cc: wanpeng.li@linux.intel.com
Cc: umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150611124742.679002000@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner 
[Conflicts: kernel/sched/rt.c]
Signed-off-by: Byungchul Park 
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: use resched_task() instead of resched_curr()]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

sched: Allow balance callbacks for check_class_changed()

2016-06-15T20:29:35+00:00

commit 4c9a4bc89a9cca8128bce67d6bc8870d6b7ee0b2 upstream.

In order to remove dropping rq->lock from the
switched_{to,from}()/prio_changed() sched_class methods, run the
balance callbacks after it.

We need to remove dropping rq->lock because its buggy,
suppose using sched_setattr()/sched_setscheduler() to change a running
task from FIFO to OTHER.

By the time we get to switched_from_rt() the task is already enqueued
on the cfs runqueues. If switched_from_rt() does pull_rt_task() and
drops rq->lock, load-balancing can come in and move our task @p to
another rq.

The subsequent switched_to_fair() still assumes @p is on @rq and bad
things will happen.

By using balance callbacks we delay the load-balancing operations
{rt,dl}x{push,pull} until we've done all the important work and the
task is fully set up.

Furthermore, the balance callbacks do not know about @p, therefore
they cannot get confused like this.

Reported-by: Mike Galbraith 
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Cc: ktkhai@parallels.com
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: juri.lelli@gmail.com
Cc: pang.xunlei@linaro.org
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Cc: wanpeng.li@linux.intel.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150611124742.615343911@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner 
[Conflicts: kernel/sched/core.c]
Signed-off-by: Byungchul Park 
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

sched: Replace post_schedule with a balance callback list

2016-06-15T20:29:35+00:00

commit e3fca9e7cbfb72694a21c886fcdf9f059cfded9c upstream.

Generalize the post_schedule() stuff into a balance callback list.
This allows us to more easily use it outside of schedule() and cross
sched_class.

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Cc: ktkhai@parallels.com
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: juri.lelli@gmail.com
Cc: pang.xunlei@linaro.org
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Cc: wanpeng.li@linux.intel.com
Cc: umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150611124742.424032725@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner 
[Conflicts: kernel/sched/core.c]
Signed-off-by: Byungchul Park 
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings