linux-stable.git/kernel/sched.c, branch v3.2.102

sched/core: Idle_task_exit() shouldn't use switch_mm_irqs_off()

2018-01-07T01:46:48+00:00

commit 252d2a4117bc181b287eeddf848863788da733ae upstream.

idle_task_exit() can be called with IRQs on x86 on and therefore
should use switch_mm(), not switch_mm_irqs_off().

This doesn't seem to cause any problems right now, but it will
confuse my upcoming TLB flush changes.  Nonetheless, I think it
should be backported because it's trivial.  There won't be any
meaningful performance impact because idle_task_exit() is only
used when offlining a CPU.

Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski 
Cc: Borislav Petkov 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: f98db6013c55 ("sched/core: Add switch_mm_irqs_off() and use it in the scheduler")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/ca3d1a9fa93a0b49f5a8ff729eda3640fb6abdf9.1497034141.git.luto@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins 
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

sched/core: Add switch_mm_irqs_off() and use it in the scheduler

2018-01-07T01:46:47+00:00

commit f98db6013c557c216da5038d9c52045be55cd039 upstream.

By default, this is the same thing as switch_mm().

x86 will override it as an optimization.

Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski 
Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov 
Cc: Borislav Petkov 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/df401df47bdd6be3e389c6f1e3f5310d70e81b2c.1461688545.git.luto@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins 
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

sched/topology: Fix building of overlapping sched-groups

2017-10-12T14:27:08+00:00

commit 0372dd2736e02672ac6e189c31f7d8c02ad543cd upstream.

When building the overlapping groups, we very obviously should start
with the previous domain of _this_ @cpu, not CPU-0.

This can be readily demonstrated with a topology like:

  node   0   1   2   3
    0:  10  20  30  20
    1:  20  10  20  30
    2:  30  20  10  20
    3:  20  30  20  10

Where (for example) CPU1 ends up generating the following nonsensical groups:

  [] CPU1 attaching sched-domain:
  []  domain 0: span 0-2 level NUMA
  []   groups: 1 2 0
  []   domain 1: span 0-3 level NUMA
  []    groups: 1-3 (cpu_capacity = 3072) 0-1,3 (cpu_capacity = 3072)

Where the fact that domain 1 doesn't include a group with span 0-2 is
the obvious fail.

With patch this looks like:

  [] CPU1 attaching sched-domain:
  []  domain 0: span 0-2 level NUMA
  []   groups: 1 0 2
  []   domain 1: span 0-3 level NUMA
  []    groups: 0-2 (cpu_capacity = 3072) 0,2-3 (cpu_capacity = 3072)

Debugged-by: Lauro Ramos Venancio 
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Mike Galbraith 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: e3589f6c81e4 ("sched: Allow for overlapping sched_domain spans")
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
[bwh: Backported to 3.2: adjust filename]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

sched/loadavg: Avoid loadavg spikes caused by delayed NO_HZ accounting

2017-07-18T17:38:33+00:00

commit 6e5f32f7a43f45ee55c401c0b9585eb01f9629a8 upstream.

If we crossed a sample window while in NO_HZ we will add LOAD_FREQ to
the pending sample window time on exit, setting the next update not
one window into the future, but two.

This situation on exiting NO_HZ is described by:

  this_rq->calc_load_update < jiffies < calc_load_update

In this scenario, what we should be doing is:

  this_rq->calc_load_update = calc_load_update		     [ next window ]

But what we actually do is:

  this_rq->calc_load_update = calc_load_update + LOAD_FREQ   [ next+1 window ]

This has the effect of delaying load average updates for potentially
up to ~9seconds.

This can result in huge spikes in the load average values due to
per-cpu uninterruptible task counts being out of sync when accumulated
across all CPUs.

It's safe to update the per-cpu active count if we wake between sample
windows because any load that we left in 'calc_load_idle' will have
been zero'd when the idle load was folded in calc_global_load().

This issue is easy to reproduce before,

  commit 9d89c257dfb9 ("sched/fair: Rewrite runnable load and utilization average tracking")

just by forking short-lived process pipelines built from ps(1) and
grep(1) in a loop. I'm unable to reproduce the spikes after that
commit, but the bug still seems to be present from code review.

Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming 
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Mike Galbraith 
Cc: Mike Galbraith 
Cc: Morten Rasmussen 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Vincent Guittot 
Fixes: commit 5167e8d ("sched/nohz: Rewrite and fix load-avg computation -- again")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170217120731.11868-2-matt@codeblueprint.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
[bwh: Backported to 3.2: adjust filename]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

sched/core: Fix a race between try_to_wake_up() and a woken up task

2016-11-20T01:01:36+00:00

commit 135e8c9250dd5c8c9aae5984fde6f230d0cbfeaf upstream.

The origin of the issue I've seen is related to
a missing memory barrier between check for task->state and
the check for task->on_rq.

The task being woken up is already awake from a schedule()
and is doing the following:

	do {
		schedule()
		set_current_state(TASK_(UN)INTERRUPTIBLE);
	} while (!cond);

The waker, actually gets stuck doing the following in
try_to_wake_up():

	while (p->on_cpu)
		cpu_relax();

Analysis:

The instance I've seen involves the following race:

 CPU1					CPU2

 while () {
   if (cond)
     break;
   do {
     schedule();
     set_current_state(TASK_UN..)
   } while (!cond);
					wakeup_routine()
					  spin_lock_irqsave(wait_lock)
   raw_spin_lock_irqsave(wait_lock)	  wake_up_process()
 }					  try_to_wake_up()
 set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);	  ..
 list_del(&waiter.list);

CPU2 wakes up CPU1, but before it can get the wait_lock and set
current state to TASK_RUNNING the following occurs:

 CPU3
 wakeup_routine()
 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(wait_lock)
 if (!list_empty)
   wake_up_process()
   try_to_wake_up()
   raw_spin_lock_irqsave(p->pi_lock)
   ..
   if (p->on_rq && ttwu_wakeup())
   ..
   while (p->on_cpu)
     cpu_relax()
   ..

CPU3 tries to wake up the task on CPU1 again since it finds
it on the wait_queue, CPU1 is spinning on wait_lock, but immediately
after CPU2, CPU3 got it.

CPU3 checks the state of p on CPU1, it is TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE and
the task is spinning on the wait_lock. Interestingly since p->on_rq
is checked under pi_lock, I've noticed that try_to_wake_up() finds
p->on_rq to be 0. This was the most confusing bit of the analysis,
but p->on_rq is changed under runqueue lock, rq_lock, the p->on_rq
check is not reliable without this fix IMHO. The race is visible
(based on the analysis) only when ttwu_queue() does a remote wakeup
via ttwu_queue_remote. In which case the p->on_rq change is not
done uder the pi_lock.

The result is that after a while the entire system locks up on
the raw_spin_irqlock_save(wait_lock) and the holder spins infintely

Reproduction of the issue:

The issue can be reproduced after a long run on my system with 80
threads and having to tweak available memory to very low and running
memory stress-ng mmapfork test. It usually takes a long time to
reproduce. I am trying to work on a test case that can reproduce
the issue faster, but thats work in progress. I am still testing the
changes on my still in a loop and the tests seem OK thus far.

Big thanks to Benjamin and Nick for helping debug this as well.
Ben helped catch the missing barrier, Nick caught every missing
bit in my theory.

Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh 
[ Updated comment to clarify matching barriers. Many
  architectures do not have a full barrier in switch_to()
  so that cannot be relied upon. ]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt 
Cc: Alexey Kardashevskiy 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Nicholas Piggin 
Cc: Nicholas Piggin 
Cc: Oleg Nesterov 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/e02cce7b-d9ca-1ad0-7a61-ea97c7582b37@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
[bwh: Backported to 3.2: adjust filename]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

sched/cputime: Fix prev steal time accouting during CPU hotplug

2016-11-20T01:01:23+00:00

commit 3d89e5478bf550a50c99e93adf659369798263b0 upstream.

Commit:

  e9532e69b8d1 ("sched/cputime: Fix steal time accounting vs. CPU hotplug")

... set rq->prev_* to 0 after a CPU hotplug comes back, in order to
fix the case where (after CPU hotplug) steal time is smaller than
rq->prev_steal_time.

However, this should never happen. Steal time was only smaller because of the
KVM-specific bug fixed by the previous patch.  Worse, the previous patch
triggers a bug on CPU hot-unplug/plug operation: because
rq->prev_steal_time is cleared, all of the CPU's past steal time will be
accounted again on hot-plug.

Since the root cause has been fixed, we can just revert commit e9532e69b8d1.

Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li 
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini 
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Mike Galbraith 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Radim Krčmář 
Cc: Rik van Riel 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Fixes: 'commit e9532e69b8d1 ("sched/cputime: Fix steal time accounting vs. CPU hotplug")'
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1465813966-3116-3-git-send-email-wanpeng.li@hotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
[bwh: Backported to 3.2: adjust filename, context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

kernel/sysrq, watchdog, sched/core: Reset watchdog on all CPUs while processing sysrq-w

2016-08-22T21:37:14+00:00

commit 57675cb976eff977aefb428e68e4e0236d48a9ff upstream.

Lengthy output of sysrq-w may take a lot of time on slow serial console.

Currently we reset NMI-watchdog on the current CPU to avoid spurious
lockup messages. Sometimes this doesn't work since softlockup watchdog
might trigger on another CPU which is waiting for an IPI to proceed.
We reset softlockup watchdogs on all CPUs, but we do this only after
listing all tasks, and this may be too late on a busy system.

So, reset watchdogs CPUs earlier, in for_each_process_thread() loop.

Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1465474805-14641-1-git-send-email-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
[bwh: Backported to 3.2: adjust filename, context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

sched/loadavg: Fix loadavg artifacts on fully idle and on fully loaded systems

2016-08-22T21:37:10+00:00

commit 20878232c52329f92423d27a60e48b6a6389e0dd upstream.

Systems show a minimal load average of 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 even when they
have no load at all.

Uptime and /proc/loadavg on all systems with kernels released during the
last five years up until kernel version 4.6-rc5, show a 5- and 15-minute
minimum loadavg of 0.01 and 0.05 respectively. This should be 0.00 on
idle systems, but the way the kernel calculates this value prevents it
from getting lower than the mentioned values.

Likewise but not as obviously noticeable, a fully loaded system with no
processes waiting, shows a maximum 1/5/15 loadavg of 1.00, 0.99, 0.95
(multiplied by number of cores).

Once the (old) load becomes 93 or higher, it mathematically can never
get lower than 93, even when the active (load) remains 0 forever.
This results in the strange 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 uptime values on idle
systems.  Note: 93/2048 = 0.0454..., which rounds up to 0.05.

It is not correct to add a 0.5 rounding (=1024/2048) here, since the
result from this function is fed back into the next iteration again,
so the result of that +0.5 rounding value then gets multiplied by
(2048-2037), and then rounded again, so there is a virtual "ghost"
load created, next to the old and active load terms.

By changing the way the internally kept value is rounded, that internal
value equivalent now can reach 0.00 on idle, and 1.00 on full load. Upon
increasing load, the internally kept load value is rounded up, when the
load is decreasing, the load value is rounded down.

The modified code was tested on nohz=off and nohz kernels. It was tested
on vanilla kernel 4.6-rc5 and on centos 7.1 kernel 3.10.0-327. It was
tested on single, dual, and octal cores system. It was tested on virtual
hosts and bare hardware. No unwanted effects have been observed, and the
problems that the patch intended to fix were indeed gone.

Tested-by: Damien Wyart 
Signed-off-by: Vik Heyndrickx 
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Cc: Doug Smythies 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Mike Galbraith 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Fixes: 0f004f5a696a ("sched: Cure more NO_HZ load average woes")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/e8d32bff-d544-7748-72b5-3c86cc71f09f@veribox.net
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
[bwh: Backported to 3.2: adjust filename]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

sched/cputime: Fix steal time accounting vs. CPU hotplug

2016-04-30T22:05:16+00:00

commit e9532e69b8d1d1284e8ecf8d2586de34aec61244 upstream.

On CPU hotplug the steal time accounting can keep a stale rq->prev_steal_time
value over CPU down and up. So after the CPU comes up again the delta
calculation in steal_account_process_tick() wreckages itself due to the
unsigned math:

	 u64 steal = paravirt_steal_clock(smp_processor_id());

	 steal -= this_rq()->prev_steal_time;

So if steal is smaller than rq->prev_steal_time we end up with an insane large
value which then gets added to rq->prev_steal_time, resulting in a permanent
wreckage of the accounting. As a consequence the per CPU stats in /proc/stat
become stale.

Nice trick to tell the world how idle the system is (100%) while the CPU is
100% busy running tasks. Though we prefer realistic numbers.

None of the accounting values which use a previous value to account for
fractions is reset at CPU hotplug time. update_rq_clock_task() has a sanity
check for prev_irq_time and prev_steal_time_rq, but that sanity check solely
deals with clock warps and limits the /proc/stat visible wreckage. The
prev_time values are still wrong.

Solution is simple: Reset rq->prev_*_time when the CPU is plugged in again.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner 
Acked-by: Rik van Riel 
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker 
Cc: Glauber Costa 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Fixes: commit 095c0aa83e52 "sched: adjust scheduler cpu power for stolen time"
Fixes: commit aa483808516c "sched: Remove irq time from available CPU power"
Fixes: commit e6e6685accfa "KVM guest: Steal time accounting"
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.11.1603041539490.3686@nanos
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
[bwh: Backported to 3.2: adjust filenames]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

sched/core: Clear the root_domain cpumasks in init_rootdomain()

2015-12-30T02:26:00+00:00

commit 8295c69925ad53ec32ca54ac9fc194ff21bc40e2 upstream.

root_domain::rto_mask allocated through alloc_cpumask_var()
contains garbage data, this may cause problems. For instance,
When doing pull_rt_task(), it may do useless iterations if
rto_mask retains some extra garbage bits. Worse still, this
violates the isolated domain rule for clustered scheduling
using cpuset, because the tasks(with all the cpus allowed)
belongs to one root domain can be pulled away into another
root domain.

The patch cleans the garbage by using zalloc_cpumask_var()
instead of alloc_cpumask_var() for root_domain::rto_mask
allocation, thereby addressing the issues.

Do the same thing for root_domain's other cpumask memembers:
dlo_mask, span, and online.

Signed-off-by: Xunlei Pang 
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Mike Galbraith 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Steven Rostedt 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1449057179-29321-1-git-send-email-xlpang@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
[bwh: Backported to 3.2:
 - There's no dlo_mask to initialise
 - Adjust filename]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings