linux-stable.git/kernel/bpf/syscall.c, branch v4.4.166

bpf: generally move prog destruction to RCU deferral

2018-11-10T15:41:37+00:00

[ Upstream commit 1aacde3d22c42281236155c1ef6d7a5aa32a826b ]

Jann Horn reported following analysis that could potentially result
in a very hard to trigger (if not impossible) UAF race, to quote his
event timeline:

 - Set up a process with threads T1, T2 and T3
 - Let T1 set up a socket filter F1 that invokes another filter F2
   through a BPF map [tail call]
 - Let T1 trigger the socket filter via a unix domain socket write,
   don't wait for completion
 - Let T2 call PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF with F2, don't wait for completion
 - Now T2 should be behind bpf_prog_get(), but before bpf_prog_put()
 - Let T3 close the file descriptor for F2, dropping the reference
   count of F2 to 2
 - At this point, T1 should have looked up F2 from the map, but not
   finished executing it
 - Let T3 remove F2 from the BPF map, dropping the reference count of
   F2 to 1
 - Now T2 should call bpf_prog_put() (wrong BPF program type), dropping
   the reference count of F2 to 0 and scheduling bpf_prog_free_deferred()
   via schedule_work()
 - At this point, the BPF program could be freed
 - BPF execution is still running in a freed BPF program

While at PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF time it's only guaranteed that the perf
event fd we're doing the syscall on doesn't disappear from underneath us
for whole syscall time, it may not be the case for the bpf fd used as
an argument only after we did the put. It needs to be a valid fd pointing
to a BPF program at the time of the call to make the bpf_prog_get() and
while T2 gets preempted, F2 must have dropped reference to 1 on the other
CPU. The fput() from the close() in T3 should also add additionally delay
to the reference drop via exit_task_work() when bpf_prog_release() gets
called as well as scheduling bpf_prog_free_deferred().

That said, it makes nevertheless sense to move the BPF prog destruction
generally after RCU grace period to guarantee that such scenario above,
but also others as recently fixed in ceb56070359b ("bpf, perf: delay release
of BPF prog after grace period") with regards to tail calls won't happen.
Integrating bpf_prog_free_deferred() directly into the RCU callback is
not allowed since the invocation might happen from either softirq or
process context, so we're not permitted to block. Reviewing all bpf_prog_put()
invocations from eBPF side (note, cBPF -> eBPF progs don't use this for
their destruction) with call_rcu() look good to me.

Since we don't know whether at the time of attaching the program, we're
already part of a tail call map, we need to use RCU variant. However, due
to this, there won't be severely more stress on the RCU callback queue:
situations with above bpf_prog_get() and bpf_prog_put() combo in practice
normally won't lead to releases, but even if they would, enough effort/
cycles have to be put into loading a BPF program into the kernel already.

Reported-by: Jann Horn 
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann 
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller 
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

bpf: map_get_next_key to return first key on NULL

2018-05-16T08:06:46+00:00

commit 8fe45924387be6b5c1be59a7eb330790c61d5d10 upstream.

When iterating through a map, we need to find a key that does not exist
in the map so map_get_next_key will give us the first key of the map.
This often requires a lot of guessing in production systems.

This patch makes map_get_next_key return the first key when the key
pointer in the parameter is NULL.

Signed-off-by: Teng Qin 
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov 
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller 
Signed-off-by: Chenbo Feng 
Cc: Lorenzo Colitti 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

bpf: skip unnecessary capability check

2018-03-28T16:40:17+00:00

commit 0fa4fe85f4724fff89b09741c437cbee9cf8b008 upstream.

The current check statement in BPF syscall will do a capability check
for CAP_SYS_ADMIN before checking sysctl_unprivileged_bpf_disabled. This
code path will trigger unnecessary security hooks on capability checking
and cause false alarms on unprivileged process trying to get CAP_SYS_ADMIN
access. This can be resolved by simply switch the order of the statement
and CAP_SYS_ADMIN is not required anyway if unprivileged bpf syscall is
allowed.

Signed-off-by: Chenbo Feng 
Acked-by: Lorenzo Colitti 
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

bpf: move fixup_bpf_calls() function

2018-01-17T08:35:30+00:00

commit e245c5c6a5656e4d61aa7bb08e9694fd6e5b2b9d upstream.

no functional change.
move fixup_bpf_calls() to verifier.c
it's being refactored in the next patch

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov 
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller 
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

bpf: fix refcnt overflow

2016-05-19T00:06:37+00:00

[ Upstream commit 92117d8443bc5afacc8d5ba82e541946310f106e ]

On a system with >32Gbyte of phyiscal memory and infinite RLIMIT_MEMLOCK,
the malicious application may overflow 32-bit bpf program refcnt.
It's also possible to overflow map refcnt on 1Tb system.
Impose 32k hard limit which means that the same bpf program or
map cannot be shared by more than 32k processes.

Fixes: 1be7f75d1668 ("bpf: enable non-root eBPF programs")
Reported-by: Jann Horn 
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov 
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

bpf: fix allocation warnings in bpf maps and integer overflow

2015-12-03T04:36:00+00:00

For large map->value_size the user space can trigger memory allocation warnings like:
WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 11122 at mm/page_alloc.c:2989
__alloc_pages_nodemask+0x695/0x14e0()
Call Trace:
 [<     inline     >] __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:15
 [] dump_stack+0x68/0x92 lib/dump_stack.c:50
 [] warn_slowpath_common+0xd9/0x140 kernel/panic.c:460
 [] warn_slowpath_null+0x29/0x30 kernel/panic.c:493
 [<     inline     >] __alloc_pages_slowpath mm/page_alloc.c:2989
 [] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x695/0x14e0 mm/page_alloc.c:3235
 [] alloc_pages_current+0xee/0x340 mm/mempolicy.c:2055
 [<     inline     >] alloc_pages include/linux/gfp.h:451
 [] alloc_kmem_pages+0x16/0xf0 mm/page_alloc.c:3414
 [] kmalloc_order+0x19/0x60 mm/slab_common.c:1007
 [] kmalloc_order_trace+0x1f/0xa0 mm/slab_common.c:1018
 [<     inline     >] kmalloc_large include/linux/slab.h:390
 [] __kmalloc+0x234/0x250 mm/slub.c:3525
 [<     inline     >] kmalloc include/linux/slab.h:463
 [<     inline     >] map_update_elem kernel/bpf/syscall.c:288
 [<     inline     >] SYSC_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:744

To avoid never succeeding kmalloc with order >= MAX_ORDER check that
elem->value_size and computed elem_size are within limits for both hash and
array type maps.
Also add __GFP_NOWARN to kmalloc(value_size | elem_size) to avoid OOM warnings.
Note kmalloc(key_size) is highly unlikely to trigger OOM, since key_size <= 512,
so keep those kmalloc-s as-is.

Large value_size can cause integer overflows in elem_size and map.pages
formulas, so check for that as well.

Fixes: aaac3ba95e4c ("bpf: charge user for creation of BPF maps and programs")
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov 
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller

bpf: fix clearing on persistent program array maps

2015-11-25T17:14:09+00:00

Currently, when having map file descriptors pointing to program arrays,
there's still the issue that we unconditionally flush program array
contents via bpf_fd_array_map_clear() in bpf_map_release(). This happens
when such a file descriptor is released and is independent of the map's
refcount.

Having this flush independent of the refcount is for a reason: there
can be arbitrary complex dependency chains among tail calls, also circular
ones (direct or indirect, nesting limit determined during runtime), and
we need to make sure that the map drops all references to eBPF programs
it holds, so that the map's refcount can eventually drop to zero and
initiate its freeing. Btw, a walk of the whole dependency graph would
not be possible for various reasons, one being complexity and another
one inconsistency, i.e. new programs can be added to parts of the graph
at any time, so there's no guaranteed consistent state for the time of
such a walk.

Now, the program array pinning itself works, but the issue is that each
derived file descriptor on close would nevertheless call unconditionally
into bpf_fd_array_map_clear(). Instead, keep track of users and postpone
this flush until the last reference to a user is dropped. As this only
concerns a subset of references (f.e. a prog array could hold a program
that itself has reference on the prog array holding it, etc), we need to
track them separately.

Short analysis on the refcounting: on map creation time usercnt will be
one, so there's no change in behaviour for bpf_map_release(), if unpinned.
If we already fail in map_create(), we are immediately freed, and no
file descriptor has been made public yet. In bpf_obj_pin_user(), we need
to probe for a possible map in bpf_fd_probe_obj() already with a usercnt
reference, so before we drop the reference on the fd with fdput().
Therefore, if actual pinning fails, we need to drop that reference again
in bpf_any_put(), otherwise we keep holding it. When last reference
drops on the inode, the bpf_any_put() in bpf_evict_inode() will take
care of dropping the usercnt again. In the bpf_obj_get_user() case, the
bpf_any_get() will grab a reference on the usercnt, still at a time when
we have the reference on the path. Should we later on fail to grab a new
file descriptor, bpf_any_put() will drop it, otherwise we hold it until
bpf_map_release() time.

Joint work with Alexei.

Fixes: b2197755b263 ("bpf: add support for persistent maps/progs")
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann 
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller

bpf: add support for persistent maps/progs

2015-11-03T03:48:39+00:00

This work adds support for "persistent" eBPF maps/programs. The term
"persistent" is to be understood that maps/programs have a facility
that lets them survive process termination. This is desired by various
eBPF subsystem users.

Just to name one example: tc classifier/action. Whenever tc parses
the ELF object, extracts and loads maps/progs into the kernel, these
file descriptors will be out of reach after the tc instance exits.
So a subsequent tc invocation won't be able to access/relocate on this
resource, and therefore maps cannot easily be shared, f.e. between the
ingress and egress networking data path.

The current workaround is that Unix domain sockets (UDS) need to be
instrumented in order to pass the created eBPF map/program file
descriptors to a third party management daemon through UDS' socket
passing facility. This makes it a bit complicated to deploy shared
eBPF maps or programs (programs f.e. for tail calls) among various
processes.

We've been brainstorming on how we could tackle this issue and various
approches have been tried out so far, which can be read up further in
the below reference.

The architecture we eventually ended up with is a minimal file system
that can hold map/prog objects. The file system is a per mount namespace
singleton, and the default mount point is /sys/fs/bpf/. Any subsequent
mounts within a given namespace will point to the same instance. The
file system allows for creating a user-defined directory structure.
The objects for maps/progs are created/fetched through bpf(2) with
two new commands (BPF_OBJ_PIN/BPF_OBJ_GET). I.e. a bpf file descriptor
along with a pathname is being passed to bpf(2) that in turn creates
(we call it eBPF object pinning) the file system nodes. Only the pathname
is being passed to bpf(2) for getting a new BPF file descriptor to an
existing node. The user can use that to access maps and progs later on,
through bpf(2). Removal of file system nodes is being managed through
normal VFS functions such as unlink(2), etc. The file system code is
kept to a very minimum and can be further extended later on.

The next step I'm working on is to add dump eBPF map/prog commands
to bpf(2), so that a specification from a given file descriptor can
be retrieved. This can be used by things like CRIU but also applications
can inspect the meta data after calling BPF_OBJ_GET.

Big thanks also to Alexei and Hannes who significantly contributed
in the design discussion that eventually let us end up with this
architecture here.

Reference: https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/10/15/925
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann 
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov 
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller

bpf: consolidate bpf_prog_put{, _rcu} dismantle paths

2015-11-03T03:48:39+00:00

We currently have duplicated cleanup code in bpf_prog_put() and
bpf_prog_put_rcu() cleanup paths. Back then we decided that it was
not worth it to make it a common helper called by both, but with
the recent addition of resource charging, we could have avoided
the fix in commit ac00737f4e81 ("bpf: Need to call bpf_prog_uncharge_memlock
from bpf_prog_put") if we would have had only a single, common path.
We can simplify it further by assigning aux->prog only once during
allocation time.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann 
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller

bpf: align and clean bpf_{map,prog}_get helpers

2015-11-03T03:48:39+00:00

Add a bpf_map_get() function that we're going to use later on and
align/clean the remaining helpers a bit so that we have them a bit
more consistent:

  - __bpf_map_get() and __bpf_prog_get() that both work on the fd
    struct, check whether the descriptor is eBPF and return the
    pointer to the map/prog stored in the private data.

    Also, we can return f.file->private_data directly, the function
    signature is enough of a documentation already.

  - bpf_map_get() and bpf_prog_get() that both work on u32 user fd,
    call their respective __bpf_map_get()/__bpf_prog_get() variants,
    and take a reference.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann 
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov 
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller