<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux-stable.git/include/linux/mm.h, branch linux-2.6.20.y</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel stable tree</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] Add VM_ALWAYSDUMP</title>
<updated>2007-01-26T21:50:58+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Roland McGrath</name>
<email>roland@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2007-01-26T08:56:48+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=e5b97dde514f9bd43f9e525451d0a863c4fc8a9a'/>
<id>e5b97dde514f9bd43f9e525451d0a863c4fc8a9a</id>
<content type='text'>
This patch adds the VM_ALWAYSDUMP flag for vm_flags in vm_area_struct.  This
provides a clean explicit way to have a vma always included in core dumps, as
is needed for vDSO's.

Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath &lt;roland@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@elte.hu&gt;
Cc: Paul Mackerras &lt;paulus@samba.org&gt;
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt &lt;benh@kernel.crashing.org&gt;
Cc: Andi Kleen &lt;ak@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
This patch adds the VM_ALWAYSDUMP flag for vm_flags in vm_area_struct.  This
provides a clean explicit way to have a vma always included in core dumps, as
is needed for vDSO's.

Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath &lt;roland@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@elte.hu&gt;
Cc: Paul Mackerras &lt;paulus@samba.org&gt;
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt &lt;benh@kernel.crashing.org&gt;
Cc: Andi Kleen &lt;ak@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] Fix sparsemem on Cell</title>
<updated>2007-01-12T02:18:20+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Dave Hansen</name>
<email>haveblue@us.ibm.com</email>
</author>
<published>2007-01-11T07:15:30+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=a2f3aa02576632cdb60bd3de1f4bf55e9ac65604'/>
<id>a2f3aa02576632cdb60bd3de1f4bf55e9ac65604</id>
<content type='text'>
Fix an oops experienced on the Cell architecture when init-time functions,
early_*(), are called at runtime.  It alters the call paths to make sure
that the callers explicitly say whether the call is being made on behalf of
a hotplug even, or happening at boot-time.

It has been compile tested on ppc64, ia64, s390, i386 and x86_64.

Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann &lt;arndb@de.ibm.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen &lt;haveblue@us.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: Yasunori Goto &lt;y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com&gt;
Acked-by: Andy Whitcroft &lt;apw@shadowen.org&gt;
Cc: Christoph Lameter &lt;clameter@engr.sgi.com&gt;
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky &lt;schwidefsky@de.ibm.com&gt;
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens &lt;heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt &lt;benh@kernel.crashing.org&gt;
Cc: Paul Mackerras &lt;paulus@samba.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Fix an oops experienced on the Cell architecture when init-time functions,
early_*(), are called at runtime.  It alters the call paths to make sure
that the callers explicitly say whether the call is being made on behalf of
a hotplug even, or happening at boot-time.

It has been compile tested on ppc64, ia64, s390, i386 and x86_64.

Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann &lt;arndb@de.ibm.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen &lt;haveblue@us.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: Yasunori Goto &lt;y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com&gt;
Acked-by: Andy Whitcroft &lt;apw@shadowen.org&gt;
Cc: Christoph Lameter &lt;clameter@engr.sgi.com&gt;
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky &lt;schwidefsky@de.ibm.com&gt;
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens &lt;heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt &lt;benh@kernel.crashing.org&gt;
Cc: Paul Mackerras &lt;paulus@samba.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] mm: make compound page destructor handling explicit</title>
<updated>2006-12-07T16:39:25+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Andy Whitcroft</name>
<email>apw@shadowen.org</email>
</author>
<published>2006-12-07T04:33:32+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=33f2ef89f8e181486b63fdbdc97c6afa6ca9f34b'/>
<id>33f2ef89f8e181486b63fdbdc97c6afa6ca9f34b</id>
<content type='text'>
Currently we we use the lru head link of the second page of a compound page
to hold its destructor.  This was ok when it was purely an internal
implmentation detail.  However, hugetlbfs overrides this destructor
violating the layering.  Abstract this out as explicit calls, also
introduce a type for the callback function allowing them to be type
checked.  For each callback we pre-declare the function, causing a type
error on definition rather than on use elsewhere.

[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft &lt;apw@shadowen.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Currently we we use the lru head link of the second page of a compound page
to hold its destructor.  This was ok when it was purely an internal
implmentation detail.  However, hugetlbfs overrides this destructor
violating the layering.  Abstract this out as explicit calls, also
introduce a type for the callback function allowing them to be type
checked.  For each callback we pre-declare the function, causing a type
error on definition rather than on use elsewhere.

[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft &lt;apw@shadowen.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] numa node ids are int, page_to_nid and zone_to_nid should return int</title>
<updated>2006-12-07T16:39:23+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Andy Whitcroft</name>
<email>apw@shadowen.org</email>
</author>
<published>2006-12-07T04:33:03+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=25ba77c141dbcd2602dd0171824d0d72aa023a01'/>
<id>25ba77c141dbcd2602dd0171824d0d72aa023a01</id>
<content type='text'>
NUMA node ids are passed as either int or unsigned int almost exclusivly
page_to_nid and zone_to_nid both return unsigned long.  This is a throw
back to when page_to_nid was a #define and was thus exposing the real type
of the page flags field.

In addition to fixing up the definitions of page_to_nid and zone_to_nid I
audited the users of these functions identifying the following incorrect
uses:

1) mm/page_alloc.c show_node() -- printk dumping the node id,
2) include/asm-ia64/pgalloc.h pgtable_quicklist_free() -- comparison
   against numa_node_id() which returns an int from cpu_to_node(), and
3) mm/mpolicy.c check_pte_range -- used as an index in node_isset which
   uses bit_set which in generic code takes an int.

Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft &lt;apw@shadowen.org&gt;
Cc: Christoph Lameter &lt;clameter@engr.sgi.com&gt;
Cc: "Luck, Tony" &lt;tony.luck@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
NUMA node ids are passed as either int or unsigned int almost exclusivly
page_to_nid and zone_to_nid both return unsigned long.  This is a throw
back to when page_to_nid was a #define and was thus exposing the real type
of the page flags field.

In addition to fixing up the definitions of page_to_nid and zone_to_nid I
audited the users of these functions identifying the following incorrect
uses:

1) mm/page_alloc.c show_node() -- printk dumping the node id,
2) include/asm-ia64/pgalloc.h pgtable_quicklist_free() -- comparison
   against numa_node_id() which returns an int from cpu_to_node(), and
3) mm/mpolicy.c check_pte_range -- used as an index in node_isset which
   uses bit_set which in generic code takes an int.

Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft &lt;apw@shadowen.org&gt;
Cc: Christoph Lameter &lt;clameter@engr.sgi.com&gt;
Cc: "Luck, Tony" &lt;tony.luck@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] Move vm_area_cachep to include/mm.h</title>
<updated>2006-12-07T16:39:22+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Christoph Lameter</name>
<email>clameter@sgi.com</email>
</author>
<published>2006-12-07T04:32:48+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=c43692e85f306667545b91194c748a6e46c1f8b4'/>
<id>c43692e85f306667545b91194c748a6e46c1f8b4</id>
<content type='text'>
vm_area_cachep is used to store vm_area_structs. So move to mm.h.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter &lt;clameter@sgi.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
vm_area_cachep is used to store vm_area_structs. So move to mm.h.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter &lt;clameter@sgi.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] Get rid of zone_table[]</title>
<updated>2006-12-07T16:39:20+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Christoph Lameter</name>
<email>clameter@sgi.com</email>
</author>
<published>2006-12-07T04:31:45+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=89689ae7f95995723fbcd5c116c47933a3bb8b13'/>
<id>89689ae7f95995723fbcd5c116c47933a3bb8b13</id>
<content type='text'>
The zone table is mostly not needed.  If we have a node in the page flags
then we can get to the zone via NODE_DATA() which is much more likely to be
already in the cpu cache.

In case of SMP and UP NODE_DATA() is a constant pointer which allows us to
access an exact replica of zonetable in the node_zones field.  In all of
the above cases there will be no need at all for the zone table.

The only remaining case is if in a NUMA system the node numbers do not fit
into the page flags.  In that case we make sparse generate a table that
maps sections to nodes and use that table to to figure out the node number.
 This table is sized to fit in a single cache line for the known 32 bit
NUMA platform which makes it very likely that the information can be
obtained without a cache miss.

For sparsemem the zone table seems to be have been fairly large based on
the maximum possible number of sections and the number of zones per node.
There is some memory saving by removing zone_table.  The main benefit is to
reduce the cache foootprint of the VM from the frequent lookups of zones.
Plus it simplifies the page allocator.

[akpm@osdl.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter &lt;clameter@sgi.com&gt;
Cc: Dave Hansen &lt;haveblue@us.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: Andy Whitcroft &lt;apw@shadowen.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The zone table is mostly not needed.  If we have a node in the page flags
then we can get to the zone via NODE_DATA() which is much more likely to be
already in the cpu cache.

In case of SMP and UP NODE_DATA() is a constant pointer which allows us to
access an exact replica of zonetable in the node_zones field.  In all of
the above cases there will be no need at all for the zone table.

The only remaining case is if in a NUMA system the node numbers do not fit
into the page flags.  In that case we make sparse generate a table that
maps sections to nodes and use that table to to figure out the node number.
 This table is sized to fit in a single cache line for the known 32 bit
NUMA platform which makes it very likely that the information can be
obtained without a cache miss.

For sparsemem the zone table seems to be have been fairly large based on
the maximum possible number of sections and the number of zones per node.
There is some memory saving by removing zone_table.  The main benefit is to
reduce the cache foootprint of the VM from the frequent lookups of zones.
Plus it simplifies the page allocator.

[akpm@osdl.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter &lt;clameter@sgi.com&gt;
Cc: Dave Hansen &lt;haveblue@us.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: Andy Whitcroft &lt;apw@shadowen.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] OOM killer meets userspace headers</title>
<updated>2006-10-20T17:26:38+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Alexey Dobriyan</name>
<email>adobriyan@gmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2006-10-20T06:28:32+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=8ac773b4f73afa6fd66695131103944b975d5d5c'/>
<id>8ac773b4f73afa6fd66695131103944b975d5d5c</id>
<content type='text'>
Despite mm.h is not being exported header, it does contain one thing
which is part of userspace ABI -- value disabling OOM killer for given
process. So,
a) create and export include/linux/oom.h
b) move OOM_DISABLE define there.
c) turn bounding values of /proc/$PID/oom_adj into defines and export
   them too.

Note: mass __KERNEL__ removal will be done later.

Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan &lt;adobriyan@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Nick Piggin &lt;nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au&gt;
Cc: David Woodhouse &lt;dwmw2@infradead.org&gt;
Cc: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@infradead.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Despite mm.h is not being exported header, it does contain one thing
which is part of userspace ABI -- value disabling OOM killer for given
process. So,
a) create and export include/linux/oom.h
b) move OOM_DISABLE define there.
c) turn bounding values of /proc/$PID/oom_adj into defines and export
   them too.

Note: mass __KERNEL__ removal will be done later.

Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan &lt;adobriyan@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Nick Piggin &lt;nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au&gt;
Cc: David Woodhouse &lt;dwmw2@infradead.org&gt;
Cc: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@infradead.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] mm: locks_freed fix</title>
<updated>2006-10-11T18:14:19+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Nick Piggin</name>
<email>npiggin@suse.de</email>
</author>
<published>2006-10-11T08:21:30+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=9858db504caedb2424b9a32744c23f9a81ec1731'/>
<id>9858db504caedb2424b9a32744c23f9a81ec1731</id>
<content type='text'>
Move the lock debug checks below the page reserved checks.  Also, having
debug_check_no_locks_freed in kernel_map_pages is wrong.

Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin &lt;npiggin@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Move the lock debug checks below the page reserved checks.  Also, having
debug_check_no_locks_freed in kernel_map_pages is wrong.

Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin &lt;npiggin@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] page fault retry with NOPAGE_REFAULT</title>
<updated>2006-10-06T15:53:40+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Benjamin Herrenschmidt</name>
<email>benh@kernel.crashing.org</email>
</author>
<published>2006-10-06T07:43:53+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=7f7bbbe50b8a28f4dfaa4cea939ddb50198c4a99'/>
<id>7f7bbbe50b8a28f4dfaa4cea939ddb50198c4a99</id>
<content type='text'>
Add a way for a no_page() handler to request a retry of the faulting
instruction.  It goes back to userland on page faults and just tries again
in get_user_pages().  I added a cond_resched() in the loop in that later
case.

The problem I have with signal and spufs is an actual bug affecting apps and I
don't see other ways of fixing it.

In addition, we are having issues with infiniband and 64k pages (related to
the way the hypervisor deals with some HV cards) that will require us to muck
around with the MMU from within the IB driver's no_page() (it's a pSeries
specific driver) and return to the caller the same way using NOPAGE_REFAULT.

And to add to this, the graphics folks have been following a new approach of
memory management that involves transparently swapping objects between video
ram and main meory.  To do that, they need installing PTEs from a no_page()
handler as well and that also requires returning with NOPAGE_REFAULT.

(For the later, they are currently using io_remap_pfn_range to install one PTE
from no_page() which is a bit racy, we need to add a check for the PTE having
already been installed afer taking the lock, but that's ok, they are only at
the proof-of-concept stage.  I'll send a patch adding a "clean" function to do
that, we can use that from spufs too and get rid of the sparsemem hacks we do
to create struct page for SPEs.  Basically, that provides a generic solution
for being able to have no_page() map hardware devices, which is something that
I think sound driver folks have been asking for some time too).

All of these things depend on having the NOPAGE_REFAULT exit path from
no_page() handlers.

Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenchmidt &lt;benh@kernel.crashing.org&gt;
Cc: Hugh Dickins &lt;hugh@veritas.com&gt;
Cc: Nick Piggin &lt;nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Add a way for a no_page() handler to request a retry of the faulting
instruction.  It goes back to userland on page faults and just tries again
in get_user_pages().  I added a cond_resched() in the loop in that later
case.

The problem I have with signal and spufs is an actual bug affecting apps and I
don't see other ways of fixing it.

In addition, we are having issues with infiniband and 64k pages (related to
the way the hypervisor deals with some HV cards) that will require us to muck
around with the MMU from within the IB driver's no_page() (it's a pSeries
specific driver) and return to the caller the same way using NOPAGE_REFAULT.

And to add to this, the graphics folks have been following a new approach of
memory management that involves transparently swapping objects between video
ram and main meory.  To do that, they need installing PTEs from a no_page()
handler as well and that also requires returning with NOPAGE_REFAULT.

(For the later, they are currently using io_remap_pfn_range to install one PTE
from no_page() which is a bit racy, we need to add a check for the PTE having
already been installed afer taking the lock, but that's ok, they are only at
the proof-of-concept stage.  I'll send a patch adding a "clean" function to do
that, we can use that from spufs too and get rid of the sparsemem hacks we do
to create struct page for SPEs.  Basically, that provides a generic solution
for being able to have no_page() map hardware devices, which is something that
I think sound driver folks have been asking for some time too).

All of these things depend on having the NOPAGE_REFAULT exit path from
no_page() handlers.

Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenchmidt &lt;benh@kernel.crashing.org&gt;
Cc: Hugh Dickins &lt;hugh@veritas.com&gt;
Cc: Nick Piggin &lt;nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] hot-add-mem x86_64: fixup externs</title>
<updated>2006-10-01T07:39:18+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Keith Mannthey</name>
<email>kmannth@us.ibm.com</email>
</author>
<published>2006-10-01T06:27:04+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=f28c5edc06ecd8068b38b7662ad19f4d20d741af'/>
<id>f28c5edc06ecd8068b38b7662ad19f4d20d741af</id>
<content type='text'>
Fix up externs in memory_hotplug.c.  Cleanup.

Signed-off-by: Keith Mannthey &lt;kmannth@us.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki &lt;kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com&gt;
Cc: Andi Kleen &lt;ak@muc.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
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<pre>
Fix up externs in memory_hotplug.c.  Cleanup.

Signed-off-by: Keith Mannthey &lt;kmannth@us.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki &lt;kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com&gt;
Cc: Andi Kleen &lt;ak@muc.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
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