linux-stable.git/include/linux/kprobes.h, branch v4.19.282

x86/kprobes: Fix arch_check_optimized_kprobe check within optimized_kprobe range

2023-03-11T15:31:51+00:00

commit f1c97a1b4ef709e3f066f82e3ba3108c3b133ae6 upstream.

When arch_prepare_optimized_kprobe calculating jump destination address,
it copies original instructions from jmp-optimized kprobe (see
__recover_optprobed_insn), and calculated based on length of original
instruction.

arch_check_optimized_kprobe does not check KPROBE_FLAG_OPTIMATED when
checking whether jmp-optimized kprobe exists.
As a result, setup_detour_execution may jump to a range that has been
overwritten by jump destination address, resulting in an inval opcode error.

For example, assume that register two kprobes whose addresses are
 and  in "func" function.
The original code of "func" function is as follows:

   0xffffffff816cb5e9 <+9>:     push   %r12
   0xffffffff816cb5eb <+11>:    xor    %r12d,%r12d
   0xffffffff816cb5ee <+14>:    test   %rdi,%rdi
   0xffffffff816cb5f1 <+17>:    setne  %r12b
   0xffffffff816cb5f5 <+21>:    push   %rbp

1.Register the kprobe for , assume that is kp1, corresponding optimized_kprobe is op1.
  After the optimization, "func" code changes to:

   0xffffffff816cc079 <+9>:     push   %r12
   0xffffffff816cc07b <+11>:    jmp    0xffffffffa0210000
   0xffffffff816cc080 <+16>:    incl   0xf(%rcx)
   0xffffffff816cc083 <+19>:    xchg   %eax,%ebp
   0xffffffff816cc084 <+20>:    (bad)
   0xffffffff816cc085 <+21>:    push   %rbp

Now op1->flags == KPROBE_FLAG_OPTIMATED;

2. Register the kprobe for , assume that is kp2, corresponding optimized_kprobe is op2.

register_kprobe(kp2)
  register_aggr_kprobe
    alloc_aggr_kprobe
      __prepare_optimized_kprobe
        arch_prepare_optimized_kprobe
          __recover_optprobed_insn    // copy original bytes from kp1->optinsn.copied_insn,
                                      // jump address = 

3. disable kp1:

disable_kprobe(kp1)
  __disable_kprobe
    ...
    if (p == orig_p || aggr_kprobe_disabled(orig_p)) {
      ret = disarm_kprobe(orig_p, true)       // add op1 in unoptimizing_list, not unoptimized
      orig_p->flags |= KPROBE_FLAG_DISABLED;  // op1->flags ==  KPROBE_FLAG_OPTIMATED | KPROBE_FLAG_DISABLED
    ...

4. unregister kp2
__unregister_kprobe_top
  ...
  if (!kprobe_disabled(ap) && !kprobes_all_disarmed) {
    optimize_kprobe(op)
      ...
      if (arch_check_optimized_kprobe(op) < 0) // because op1 has KPROBE_FLAG_DISABLED, here not return
        return;
      p->kp.flags |= KPROBE_FLAG_OPTIMIZED;   //  now op2 has KPROBE_FLAG_OPTIMIZED
  }

"func" code now is:

   0xffffffff816cc079 <+9>:     int3
   0xffffffff816cc07a <+10>:    push   %rsp
   0xffffffff816cc07b <+11>:    jmp    0xffffffffa0210000
   0xffffffff816cc080 <+16>:    incl   0xf(%rcx)
   0xffffffff816cc083 <+19>:    xchg   %eax,%ebp
   0xffffffff816cc084 <+20>:    (bad)
   0xffffffff816cc085 <+21>:    push   %rbp

5. if call "func", int3 handler call setup_detour_execution:

  if (p->flags & KPROBE_FLAG_OPTIMIZED) {
    ...
    regs->ip = (unsigned long)op->optinsn.insn + TMPL_END_IDX;
    ...
  }

The code for the destination address is

   0xffffffffa021072c:  push   %r12
   0xffffffffa021072e:  xor    %r12d,%r12d
   0xffffffffa0210731:  jmp    0xffffffff816cb5ee 

However,  is not a valid start instruction address. As a result, an error occurs.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230216034247.32348-3-yangjihong1@huawei.com/

Fixes: f66c0447cca1 ("kprobes: Set unoptimized flag after unoptimizing code")
Signed-off-by: Yang Jihong 
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) 
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

x86/kprobes: Fix __recover_optprobed_insn check optimizing logic

2023-03-11T15:31:50+00:00

commit 868a6fc0ca2407622d2833adefe1c4d284766c4c upstream.

Since the following commit:

  commit f66c0447cca1 ("kprobes: Set unoptimized flag after unoptimizing code")

modified the update timing of the KPROBE_FLAG_OPTIMIZED, a optimized_kprobe
may be in the optimizing or unoptimizing state when op.kp->flags
has KPROBE_FLAG_OPTIMIZED and op->list is not empty.

The __recover_optprobed_insn check logic is incorrect, a kprobe in the
unoptimizing state may be incorrectly determined as unoptimizing.
As a result, incorrect instructions are copied.

The optprobe_queued_unopt function needs to be exported for invoking in
arch directory.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230216034247.32348-2-yangjihong1@huawei.com/

Fixes: f66c0447cca1 ("kprobes: Set unoptimized flag after unoptimizing code")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Yang Jihong 
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) 
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

kprobes: Limit max data_size of the kretprobe instances

2021-12-08T07:50:12+00:00

commit 6bbfa44116689469267f1a6e3d233b52114139d2 upstream.

The 'kprobe::data_size' is unsigned, thus it can not be negative.  But if
user sets it enough big number (e.g. (size_t)-8), the result of 'data_size
+ sizeof(struct kretprobe_instance)' becomes smaller than sizeof(struct
kretprobe_instance) or zero. In result, the kretprobe_instance are
allocated without enough memory, and kretprobe accesses outside of
allocated memory.

To avoid this issue, introduce a max limitation of the
kretprobe::data_size. 4KB per instance should be OK.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/163836995040.432120.10322772773821182925.stgit@devnote2

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: f47cd9b553aa ("kprobes: kretprobe user entry-handler")
Reported-by: zhangyue 
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu 
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

tracing/kprobe: Fix to support kretprobe events on unloaded modules

2021-02-13T12:51:13+00:00

commit 97c753e62e6c31a404183898d950d8c08d752dbd upstream.

Fix kprobe_on_func_entry() returns error code instead of false so that
register_kretprobe() can return an appropriate error code.

append_trace_kprobe() expects the kprobe registration returns -ENOENT
when the target symbol is not found, and it checks whether the target
module is unloaded or not. If the target module doesn't exist, it
defers to probe the target symbol until the module is loaded.

However, since register_kretprobe() returns -EINVAL instead of -ENOENT
in that case, it always fail on putting the kretprobe event on unloaded
modules. e.g.

Kprobe event:
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing # echo p xfs:xfs_end_io >> kprobe_events
[   16.515574] trace_kprobe: This probe might be able to register after target module is loaded. Continue.

Kretprobe event: (p -> r)
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing # echo r xfs:xfs_end_io >> kprobe_events
sh: write error: Invalid argument
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing # cat error_log
[   41.122514] trace_kprobe: error: Failed to register probe event
  Command: r xfs:xfs_end_io
             ^

To fix this bug, change kprobe_on_func_entry() to detect symbol lookup
failure and return -ENOENT in that case. Otherwise it returns -EINVAL
or 0 (succeeded, given address is on the entry).

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/161176187132.1067016.8118042342894378981.stgit@devnote2

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 59158ec4aef7 ("tracing/kprobes: Check the probe on unloaded module correctly")
Reported-by: Jianlin Lv 
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu 
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

kretprobe: Prevent triggering kretprobe from within kprobe_flush_task

2020-06-25T13:33:10+00:00

[ Upstream commit 9b38cc704e844e41d9cf74e647bff1d249512cb3 ]

Ziqian reported lockup when adding retprobe on _raw_spin_lock_irqsave.
My test was also able to trigger lockdep output:

 ============================================
 WARNING: possible recursive locking detected
 5.6.0-rc6+ #6 Not tainted
 --------------------------------------------
 sched-messaging/2767 is trying to acquire lock:
 ffffffff9a492798 (&(kretprobe_table_locks[i].lock)){-.-.}, at: kretprobe_hash_lock+0x52/0xa0

 but task is already holding lock:
 ffffffff9a491a18 (&(kretprobe_table_locks[i].lock)){-.-.}, at: kretprobe_trampoline+0x0/0x50

 other info that might help us debug this:
  Possible unsafe locking scenario:

        CPU0
        ----
   lock(&(kretprobe_table_locks[i].lock));
   lock(&(kretprobe_table_locks[i].lock));

  *** DEADLOCK ***

  May be due to missing lock nesting notation

 1 lock held by sched-messaging/2767:
  #0: ffffffff9a491a18 (&(kretprobe_table_locks[i].lock)){-.-.}, at: kretprobe_trampoline+0x0/0x50

 stack backtrace:
 CPU: 3 PID: 2767 Comm: sched-messaging Not tainted 5.6.0-rc6+ #6
 Call Trace:
  dump_stack+0x96/0xe0
  __lock_acquire.cold.57+0x173/0x2b7
  ? native_queued_spin_lock_slowpath+0x42b/0x9e0
  ? lockdep_hardirqs_on+0x590/0x590
  ? __lock_acquire+0xf63/0x4030
  lock_acquire+0x15a/0x3d0
  ? kretprobe_hash_lock+0x52/0xa0
  _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x36/0x70
  ? kretprobe_hash_lock+0x52/0xa0
  kretprobe_hash_lock+0x52/0xa0
  trampoline_handler+0xf8/0x940
  ? kprobe_fault_handler+0x380/0x380
  ? find_held_lock+0x3a/0x1c0
  kretprobe_trampoline+0x25/0x50
  ? lock_acquired+0x392/0xbc0
  ? _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x50/0x70
  ? __get_valid_kprobe+0x1f0/0x1f0
  ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x3b/0x40
  ? finish_task_switch+0x4b9/0x6d0
  ? __switch_to_asm+0x34/0x70
  ? __switch_to_asm+0x40/0x70

The code within the kretprobe handler checks for probe reentrancy,
so we won't trigger any _raw_spin_lock_irqsave probe in there.

The problem is in outside kprobe_flush_task, where we call:

  kprobe_flush_task
    kretprobe_table_lock
      raw_spin_lock_irqsave
        _raw_spin_lock_irqsave

where _raw_spin_lock_irqsave triggers the kretprobe and installs
kretprobe_trampoline handler on _raw_spin_lock_irqsave return.

The kretprobe_trampoline handler is then executed with already
locked kretprobe_table_locks, and first thing it does is to
lock kretprobe_table_locks ;-) the whole lockup path like:

  kprobe_flush_task
    kretprobe_table_lock
      raw_spin_lock_irqsave
        _raw_spin_lock_irqsave ---> probe triggered, kretprobe_trampoline installed

        ---> kretprobe_table_locks locked

        kretprobe_trampoline
          trampoline_handler
            kretprobe_hash_lock(current, &head, &flags);  <--- deadlock

Adding kprobe_busy_begin/end helpers that mark code with fake
probe installed to prevent triggering of another kprobe within
this code.

Using these helpers in kprobe_flush_task, so the probe recursion
protection check is hit and the probe is never set to prevent
above lockup.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/158927059835.27680.7011202830041561604.stgit@devnote2

Fixes: ef53d9c5e4da ("kprobes: improve kretprobe scalability with hashed locking")
Cc: Ingo Molnar 
Cc: "Gustavo A . R . Silva" 
Cc: Anders Roxell 
Cc: "Naveen N . Rao" 
Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy 
Cc: David Miller 
Cc: Ingo Molnar 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: "Ziqian SUN (Zamir)" 
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu 
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa 
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) 
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

kprobes: Blacklist symbols in arch-defined prohibited area

2019-12-05T08:20:26+00:00

[ Upstream commit fb1a59fae8baa3f3c69b72a87ff94fc4fa5683ec ]

Blacklist symbols in arch-defined probe-prohibited areas.
With this change, user can see all symbols which are prohibited
to probe in debugfs.

All archtectures which have custom prohibit areas should define
its own arch_populate_kprobe_blacklist() function, but unless that,
all symbols marked __kprobes are blacklisted.

Reported-by: Andrea Righi 
Tested-by: Andrea Righi 
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu 
Cc: Andy Lutomirski 
Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy 
Cc: Borislav Petkov 
Cc: David S. Miller 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Naveen N. Rao 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Yonghong Song 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/154503485491.26176.15823229545155174796.stgit@devbox
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

x86/kprobes: Verify stack frame on kretprobe

2019-04-27T07:36:37+00:00

commit 3ff9c075cc767b3060bdac12da72fc94dd7da1b8 upstream.

Verify the stack frame pointer on kretprobe trampoline handler,
If the stack frame pointer does not match, it skips the wrong
entry and tries to find correct one.

This can happen if user puts the kretprobe on the function
which can be used in the path of ftrace user-function call.
Such functions should not be probed, so this adds a warning
message that reports which function should be blacklisted.

Tested-by: Andrea Righi 
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu 
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/155094059185.6137.15527904013362842072.stgit@devbox
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

kprobes: Remove jprobe stub API

2018-06-21T10:33:21+00:00

Remove jprobe stub APIs from linux/kprobes.h since
the jprobe implementation was completely gone.

Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu 
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli 
Cc: Andrew Morton 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Steven Rostedt 
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/152942503572.15209.1652552217914694917.stgit@devbox
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

kprobes: Remove jprobe API implementation

2018-06-21T10:33:05+00:00

Remove functionally empty jprobe API implementations and test cases.

Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu 
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli 
Cc: Andrew Morton 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Steven Rostedt 
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/152942430705.15209.2307050500995264322.stgit@devbox
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

kprobes: Don't spam the build log with deprecation warnings

2017-11-13T07:00:52+00:00

The jprobes APIs are deprecated - but are still in occasional use for code that
few people seem to care about, so stop generating deprecation warnings.

Cc: Masami Hiramatsu 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar