Pull vfs fixes from Christian Brauner:
 "This contains two fixes for this merge window:

  VFS:

   - I noticed that it is possible for a privileged user to mount most
     filesystems with a non-initial user namespace in sb->s_user_ns.

     When fsopen() is called in a non-init namespace the caller's
     namespace is recorded in fs_context->user_ns. If the returned file
     descriptor is then passed to a process privileged in init_user_ns,
     that process can call fsconfig(fd_fs, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE*),
     creating a new superblock with sb->s_user_ns set to the namespace
     of the process which called fsopen().

     This is problematic as only filesystems that raise FS_USERNS_MOUNT
     are known to be able to support a non-initial s_user_ns. Others may
     suffer security issues, on-disk corruption or outright crash the
     kernel. Prevent that by restricting such delegation to filesystems
     that allow FS_USERNS_MOUNT.

     Note, that this delegation requires a privileged process to
     actually create the superblock so either the privileged process is
     cooperaing or someone must have tricked a privileged process into
     operating on a fscontext file descriptor whose origin it doesn't
     know (a stupid idea).

     The bug dates back to about 5 years afaict.

  Misc:

   - Fix hostfs parsing when the mount request comes in via the legacy
     mount api.

     In the legacy mount api hostfs allows to specify the host directory
     mount without any key.

     Restore that behavior"

* tag 'vfs-6.11-rc1.fixes.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs:
  hostfs: fix the host directory parse when mounting.
  fs: don't allow non-init s_user_ns for filesystems without FS_USERNS_MOUNT

hostfs not keep the host directory when mounting. When the host
directory is none (default), fc->source is used as the host root
directory, and this is wrong. Here we use `parse_monolithic` to
handle the old mount path for parsing the root directory. For new
mount path, The `parse_param` is used for the host directory parse.

Reported-and-tested-by: Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com>
Fixes: cd140ce9f611 ("hostfs: convert hostfs to use the new mount API")
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CANP3RGceNzwdb7w=vPf5=7BCid5HVQDmz1K5kC9JG42+HVAh_g@mail.gmail.com/
Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Hongbo Li <lihongbo22@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240725065130.1821964-1-lihongbo22@huawei.com
[brauner: minor fixes]
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>

Pull UML updates from Richard Weinberger:

 - Support for preemption

 - i386 Rust support

 - Huge cleanup by Benjamin Berg

 - UBSAN support

 - Removal of dead code

* tag 'uml-for-linus-6.11-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/uml/linux: (41 commits)
  um: vector: always reset vp->opened
  um: vector: remove vp->lock
  um: register power-off handler
  um: line: always fill *error_out in setup_one_line()
  um: remove pcap driver from documentation
  um: Enable preemption in UML
  um: refactor TLB update handling
  um: simplify and consolidate TLB updates
  um: remove force_flush_all from fork_handler
  um: Do not flush MM in flush_thread
  um: Delay flushing syscalls until the thread is restarted
  um: remove copy_context_skas0
  um: remove LDT support
  um: compress memory related stub syscalls while adding them
  um: Rework syscall handling
  um: Add generic stub_syscall6 function
  um: Create signal stack memory assignment in stub_data
  um: Remove stub-data.h include from common-offsets.h
  um: time-travel: fix signal blocking race/hang
  um: time-travel: remove time_exit()
  ...

Commit e3ec0fe944d2 ("hostfs: Convert hostfs_read_folio() to use a
folio") simplified hostfs_read_folio(), but in the process of converting
to using folios natively also mis-used the folio_zero_tail() function
due to the very confusing API of that function.

Very arguably it's folio_zero_tail() API itself that is buggy, since it
would make more sense (and the documentation kind of implies) that the
third argument would be the pointer to the beginning of the folio
buffer.

But no, the third argument to folio_zero_tail() is where we should start
zeroing the tail (even if we already also pass in the offset separately
as the second argument).

So fix the hostfs caller, and we can leave any folio_zero_tail() sanity
cleanup for later.

Reported-and-tested-by: Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com>
Fixes: e3ec0fe944d2 ("hostfs: Convert hostfs_read_folio() to use a folio")
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CANP3RGceNzwdb7w=vPf5=7BCid5HVQDmz1K5kC9JG42+HVAh_g@mail.gmail.com/
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull vfs mount API updates from Christian Brauner:

 - Add a generic helper to parse uid and gid mount options.

   Currently we open-code the same logic in various filesystems which is
   error prone, especially since the verification of uid and gid mount
   options is a sensitive operation in the face of idmappings.

   Add a generic helper and convert all filesystems over to it. Make
   sure that filesystems that are mountable in unprivileged containers
   verify that the specified uid and gid can be represented in the
   owning namespace of the filesystem.

 - Convert hostfs to the new mount api.

* tag 'vfs-6.11.mount.api' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs:
  fuse: Convert to new uid/gid option parsing helpers
  fuse: verify {g,u}id mount options correctly
  fat: Convert to new uid/gid option parsing helpers
  fat: Convert to new mount api
  fat: move debug into fat_mount_options
  vboxsf: Convert to new uid/gid option parsing helpers
  tracefs: Convert to new uid/gid option parsing helpers
  smb: client: Convert to new uid/gid option parsing helpers
  tmpfs: Convert to new uid/gid option parsing helpers
  ntfs3: Convert to new uid/gid option parsing helpers
  isofs: Convert to new uid/gid option parsing helpers
  hugetlbfs: Convert to new uid/gid option parsing helpers
  ext4: Convert to new uid/gid option parsing helpers
  exfat: Convert to new uid/gid option parsing helpers
  efivarfs: Convert to new uid/gid option parsing helpers
  debugfs: Convert to new uid/gid option parsing helpers
  autofs: Convert to new uid/gid option parsing helpers
  fs_parse: add uid & gid option option parsing helpers
  hostfs: Add const qualifier to host_root in hostfs_fill_super()
  hostfs: convert hostfs to use the new mount API

With ARCH=um, make allmodconfig && make W=1 C=1 reports:
WARNING: modpost: missing MODULE_DESCRIPTION() in fs/hostfs/hostfs.o

Add the missing invocation of the MODULE_DESCRIPTION() macro.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Johnson <quic_jjohnson@quicinc.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20240702-md-um-fs-hostfs-v1-1-fd2b565027e7@quicinc.com
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>

dev_t is a kernel type and may have different definitions
in kernel and userspace. On 32-bit x86 this currently makes
the stat structure being 4 bytes longer in the user code,
causing stack corruption.

However, this is (potentially) not the only problem, since
dev_t is a different type on user/kernel side, so we don't
know that the major/minor encoding isn't also different.
Decode/encode it instead to address both problems.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 74ce793bcbde ("hostfs: Fix ephemeral inodes")
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20240702092440.acc960585dd5.Id0767e12f562a69c6cd3c3262dc3d765db350cf6@changeid
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>

After the recent conversion to the new mount API, there is a warning
when building hostfs (which may be upgraded to an error via
CONFIG_WERROR=y):

  fs/hostfs/hostfs_kern.c: In function 'hostfs_fill_super':
  fs/hostfs/hostfs_kern.c:942:27: warning: initialization discards 'const' qualifier from pointer target type [-Wdiscarded-qualifiers]
    942 |         char *host_root = fc->source;
        |                           ^~

Add the 'const' qualifier, as host_root will not be modified after its
assignment. Move the assignment to keep the existing reverse Christmas
tree order intact.

Fixes: cd140ce9f611 ("hostfs: convert hostfs to use the new mount API")
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240611-hostfs-fix-mount-api-conversion-v1-1-ef75bbc77f44@kernel.org
Acked-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>

Convert the hostfs filesystem to the new internal mount API as the old
one will be obsoleted and removed.  This allows greater flexibility in
communication of mount parameters between userspace, the VFS and the
filesystem.

See Documentation/filesystems/mount_api.txt for more information.

Signed-off-by: Hongbo Li <lihongbo22@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240530120111.3794664-1-lihongbo22@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>

Remove the use of page APIs, including setting/clearing the error flag
which is never checked on hostfs folios.  This does not include support
for large folios as kmap_local_folio() maps only one page at a time.

Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Anton Ivanov <anton.ivanov@cambridgegreys.com>
Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Cc: linux-um@lists.infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240530202110.2653630-8-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>