Reduce global tty symbols; move and rename tty_ldisc_begin() as
n_tty_init() and redefine the N_TTY ldisc ops as file scope.

Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

tty_ldisc_setup() is race-free and can reference tty->ldisc without
snapshots.

Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Currently, when the tty is hungup, the ldisc is re-instanced; ie., the
current instance is destroyed and a new instance is created. The purpose
of this design was to guarantee a valid, open ldisc for the lifetime of
the tty.

However, now that tty buffers are owned by and have lifetime equivalent
to the tty_port (since v3.10), any data received immediately after the
ldisc is re-instanced may cause continued driver i/o operations
concurrently with the driver's hangup() operation. For drivers that
shutdown h/w on hangup, this is unexpected and usually bad. For example,
the serial core may free the xmit buffer page concurrently with an
in-progress write() operation (triggered by echo).

With the existing stable and robust ldisc reference handling, the
cleaned-up tty_reopen(), the straggling unsafe ldisc use cleaned up, and
the preparation to properly handle a NULL tty->ldisc, the ldisc instance
can be destroyed and only re-instanced when the tty is re-opened.

If the tty was opened as /dev/console or /dev/tty0, the original behavior
of re-instancing the ldisc is retained (the 'reinit' parameter to
tty_ldisc_hangup() is true). This is required since those file descriptors
are never hungup.

This patch has neglible impact on userspace; the tty file_operations ptr
is changed to point to the hungup file operations _before_ the ldisc
instance is destroyed, so only racing file operations might now retrieve
a NULL ldisc reference (which is simply handled as if the hungup file
operation had been called instead -- see "tty: Prepare for destroying
line discipline on hangup").

This resolves a long-standing FIXME and several crash reports.

Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

At tty hangup, the line discipline instance is reinitialized by
closing the current ldisc instance and opening a new instance.
This operation is complicated by error recovery: if the attempt
to reinit the current line discipline fails, the line discipline
is reset to N_TTY (which should not but can fail).

Re-purpose tty_ldisc_reinit() to return a valid, open line discipline
instance, or otherwise, an error.

Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

tty->ldisc is a ptr to struct tty_ldisc, but unfortunately 'ldisc' is
also used as a parameter or local name to refer to the line discipline
index value (ie, N_TTY, N_GSM, etc.); instead prefer the name used
by the line discipline registration/ref counting functions.

Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

In preparation for destroying the line discipline instance on hangup,
move tty_ldisc_kill() to eliminate needless forward declarations.
No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

In preparation of destroying line discipline on hangup, fix
ldisc core operations to properly handle when the tty's ldisc is
NULL.

Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

tty file_operations (read/write/ioctl) wait for the ldisc reference
indefinitely (until ldisc lifetime events, such as hangup or TIOCSETD,
finish). Since hangup now destroys the ldisc and does not instance
another copy, file_operations must now be prepared to receive a NULL
ldisc reference from tty_ldisc_ref_wait():

CPU 0                                   CPU 1
-----                                   -----
(*f_op->read)() => tty_read()
                                        __tty_hangup()
                                        ...
                                        f_op = &hung_up_tty_fops;
                                        ...
                                        tty_ldisc_hangup()
                                           tty_ldisc_lock()
                                           tty_ldisc_kill()
                                              tty->ldisc = NULL
                                           tty_ldisc_unlock()
ld = tty_ldisc_ref_wait()
/* ld == NULL */

Instead, the action taken now is to return the same value as if the
tty had been hungup a moment earlier:

CPU 0                                   CPU 1
-----                                   -----
                                        __tty_hangup()
                                        ...
                                        f_op = &hung_up_tty_fops;
(*f_op->read)() => hung_up_tty_read()
return 0;
                                        ...
                                        tty_ldisc_hangup()
                                           tty_ldisc_lock()
                                           tty_ldisc_kill()
                                              tty->ldisc = NULL
                                           tty_ldisc_unlock()

Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

tty_ldisc_kill() sets tty->ldisc to NULL; _not_ to N_TTY with a valid
but unopened ldisc. Fix function header documentation.

Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

tty_ldisc_get() returns ERR_PTR() values if unsuccessful, not NULL;
fix function header documentation.

Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>