<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux-stable.git/drivers/net/macvtap.c, branch v3.2.87</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel stable tree</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>macvtap: read vnet_hdr_size once</title>
<updated>2017-03-16T02:18:57+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Willem de Bruijn</name>
<email>willemb@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2017-02-03T23:20:49+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=43df37dbc66707afbf8a93cc9f6430b31be3931e'/>
<id>43df37dbc66707afbf8a93cc9f6430b31be3931e</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 837585a5375c38d40361cfe64e6fd11e1addb936 ]

When IFF_VNET_HDR is enabled, a virtio_net header must precede data.
Data length is verified to be greater than or equal to expected header
length tun-&gt;vnet_hdr_sz before copying.

Macvtap functions read the value once, but unless READ_ONCE is used,
the compiler may ignore this and read multiple times. Enforce a single
read and locally cached value to avoid updates between test and use.

Signed-off-by: Willem de Bruijn &lt;willemb@google.com&gt;
Suggested-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Acked-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
[bwh: BAckported to 3.2:
 - Use ACCESS_ONCE() instead of READ_ONCE()
 - Adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit 837585a5375c38d40361cfe64e6fd11e1addb936 ]

When IFF_VNET_HDR is enabled, a virtio_net header must precede data.
Data length is verified to be greater than or equal to expected header
length tun-&gt;vnet_hdr_sz before copying.

Macvtap functions read the value once, but unless READ_ONCE is used,
the compiler may ignore this and read multiple times. Enforce a single
read and locally cached value to avoid updates between test and use.

Signed-off-by: Willem de Bruijn &lt;willemb@google.com&gt;
Suggested-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Acked-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
[bwh: BAckported to 3.2:
 - Use ACCESS_ONCE() instead of READ_ONCE()
 - Adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>macvtap: always pass ethernet header in linear</title>
<updated>2016-04-30T22:05:27+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Willem de Bruijn</name>
<email>willemb@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2016-03-08T20:18:54+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=283c01d3fe7b9458e394155c2f9bb24c82524bde'/>
<id>283c01d3fe7b9458e394155c2f9bb24c82524bde</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 8e2ad4113ce4671686740f808ff2795395c39eef ]

The stack expects link layer headers in the skb linear section.
Macvtap can create skbs with llheader in frags in edge cases:
when (IFF_VNET_HDR is off or vnet_hdr.hdr_len &lt; ETH_HLEN) and
prepad + len &gt; PAGE_SIZE and vnet_hdr.flags has no or bad csum.

Add checks to ensure linear is always at least ETH_HLEN.
At this point, len is already ensured to be &gt;= ETH_HLEN.

For backwards compatiblity, rounds up short vnet_hdr.hdr_len.
This differs from tap and packet, which return an error.

Fixes b9fb9ee07e67 ("macvtap: add GSO/csum offload support")
Signed-off-by: Willem de Bruijn &lt;willemb@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
[bwh: Backported to 3.2: don't use macvtap16_to_cpu()]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit 8e2ad4113ce4671686740f808ff2795395c39eef ]

The stack expects link layer headers in the skb linear section.
Macvtap can create skbs with llheader in frags in edge cases:
when (IFF_VNET_HDR is off or vnet_hdr.hdr_len &lt; ETH_HLEN) and
prepad + len &gt; PAGE_SIZE and vnet_hdr.flags has no or bad csum.

Add checks to ensure linear is always at least ETH_HLEN.
At this point, len is already ensured to be &gt;= ETH_HLEN.

For backwards compatiblity, rounds up short vnet_hdr.hdr_len.
This differs from tap and packet, which return an error.

Fixes b9fb9ee07e67 ("macvtap: add GSO/csum offload support")
Signed-off-by: Willem de Bruijn &lt;willemb@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
[bwh: Backported to 3.2: don't use macvtap16_to_cpu()]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>macvtap: make sure neighbour code can push ethernet header</title>
<updated>2015-05-09T22:16:38+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Eric Dumazet</name>
<email>edumazet@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2015-02-28T02:35:35+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=83d51909f235d8a94e9f1491482d334fb82897a3'/>
<id>83d51909f235d8a94e9f1491482d334fb82897a3</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 2f1d8b9e8afa5a833d96afcd23abcb8cdf8d83ab ]

Brian reported crashes using IPv6 traffic with macvtap/veth combo.

I tracked the crashes in neigh_hh_output()

-&gt; memcpy(skb-&gt;data - HH_DATA_MOD, hh-&gt;hh_data, HH_DATA_MOD);

Neighbour code assumes headroom to push Ethernet header is
at least 16 bytes.

It appears macvtap has only 14 bytes available on arches
where NET_IP_ALIGN is 0 (like x86)

Effect is a corruption of 2 bytes right before skb-&gt;head,
and possible crashes if accessing non existing memory.

This fix should also increase IPv4 performance, as paranoid code
in ip_finish_output2() wont have to call skb_realloc_headroom()

Reported-by: Brian Rak &lt;brak@vultr.com&gt;
Tested-by: Brian Rak &lt;brak@vultr.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit 2f1d8b9e8afa5a833d96afcd23abcb8cdf8d83ab ]

Brian reported crashes using IPv6 traffic with macvtap/veth combo.

I tracked the crashes in neigh_hh_output()

-&gt; memcpy(skb-&gt;data - HH_DATA_MOD, hh-&gt;hh_data, HH_DATA_MOD);

Neighbour code assumes headroom to push Ethernet header is
at least 16 bytes.

It appears macvtap has only 14 bytes available on arches
where NET_IP_ALIGN is 0 (like x86)

Effect is a corruption of 2 bytes right before skb-&gt;head,
and possible crashes if accessing non existing memory.

This fix should also increase IPv4 performance, as paranoid code
in ip_finish_output2() wont have to call skb_realloc_headroom()

Reported-by: Brian Rak &lt;brak@vultr.com&gt;
Tested-by: Brian Rak &lt;brak@vultr.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet &lt;edumazet@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>macvtap: limit head length of skb allocated</title>
<updated>2015-05-09T22:16:38+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jason Wang</name>
<email>jasowang@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2013-11-13T06:00:40+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=75f9b4534aa31e33e96ae36dd96a62907470da91'/>
<id>75f9b4534aa31e33e96ae36dd96a62907470da91</id>
<content type='text'>
commit 16a3fa28630331e28208872fa5341ce210b901c7 upstream.

We currently use hdr_len as a hint of head length which is advertised by
guest. But when guest advertise a very big value, it can lead to an 64K+
allocating of kmalloc() which has a very high possibility of failure when host
memory is fragmented or under heavy stress. The huge hdr_len also reduce the
effect of zerocopy or even disable if a gso skb is linearized in guest.

To solves those issues, this patch introduces an upper limit (PAGE_SIZE) of the
head, which guarantees an order 0 allocation each time.

Cc: Stefan Hajnoczi &lt;stefanha@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin &lt;mst@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang &lt;jasowang@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
commit 16a3fa28630331e28208872fa5341ce210b901c7 upstream.

We currently use hdr_len as a hint of head length which is advertised by
guest. But when guest advertise a very big value, it can lead to an 64K+
allocating of kmalloc() which has a very high possibility of failure when host
memory is fragmented or under heavy stress. The huge hdr_len also reduce the
effect of zerocopy or even disable if a gso skb is linearized in guest.

To solves those issues, this patch introduces an upper limit (PAGE_SIZE) of the
head, which guarantees an order 0 allocation each time.

Cc: Stefan Hajnoczi &lt;stefanha@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin &lt;mst@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang &lt;jasowang@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>drivers/net, ipv6: Select IPv6 fragment idents for virtio UFO packets</title>
<updated>2015-01-01T01:27:51+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Ben Hutchings</name>
<email>ben@decadent.org.uk</email>
</author>
<published>2014-10-30T18:27:17+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=540aa5b743b3ba2c7651f3e311a0fc8d4865534e'/>
<id>540aa5b743b3ba2c7651f3e311a0fc8d4865534e</id>
<content type='text'>
commit 5188cd44c55db3e92cd9e77a40b5baa7ed4340f7 upstream.

UFO is now disabled on all drivers that work with virtio net headers,
but userland may try to send UFO/IPv6 packets anyway.  Instead of
sending with ID=0, we should select identifiers on their behalf (as we
used to).

Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
Fixes: 916e4cf46d02 ("ipv6: reuse ip6_frag_id from ip6_ufo_append_data")
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
[bwh: For 3.2, net/ipv6/output_core.c is a completely new file]
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
commit 5188cd44c55db3e92cd9e77a40b5baa7ed4340f7 upstream.

UFO is now disabled on all drivers that work with virtio net headers,
but userland may try to send UFO/IPv6 packets anyway.  Instead of
sending with ID=0, we should select identifiers on their behalf (as we
used to).

Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
Fixes: 916e4cf46d02 ("ipv6: reuse ip6_frag_id from ip6_ufo_append_data")
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
[bwh: For 3.2, net/ipv6/output_core.c is a completely new file]
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>macvtap: do not zerocopy if iov needs more pages than MAX_SKB_FRAGS</title>
<updated>2013-10-26T20:06:11+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jason Wang</name>
<email>jasowang@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2013-07-18T02:55:16+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=068d848f7f3d3db8c68e517ba93cb170914a64d8'/>
<id>068d848f7f3d3db8c68e517ba93cb170914a64d8</id>
<content type='text'>
commit ece793fcfc417b3925844be88a6a6dc82ae8f7c6 upstream.

We try to linearize part of the skb when the number of iov is greater than
MAX_SKB_FRAGS. This is not enough since each single vector may occupy more than
one pages, so zerocopy_sg_fromiovec() may still fail and may break the guest
network.

Solve this problem by calculate the pages needed for iov before trying to do
zerocopy and switch to use copy instead of zerocopy if it needs more than
MAX_SKB_FRAGS.

This is done through introducing a new helper to count the pages for iov, and
call uarg-&gt;callback() manually when switching from zerocopy to copy to notify
vhost.

We can do further optimization on top.

This bug were introduced from b92946e2919134ebe2a4083e4302236295ea2a73
(macvtap: zerocopy: validate vectors before building skb).

Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin &lt;mst@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang &lt;jasowang@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
[bwh: Backported to 3.2: callback only takes one argument]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
commit ece793fcfc417b3925844be88a6a6dc82ae8f7c6 upstream.

We try to linearize part of the skb when the number of iov is greater than
MAX_SKB_FRAGS. This is not enough since each single vector may occupy more than
one pages, so zerocopy_sg_fromiovec() may still fail and may break the guest
network.

Solve this problem by calculate the pages needed for iov before trying to do
zerocopy and switch to use copy instead of zerocopy if it needs more than
MAX_SKB_FRAGS.

This is done through introducing a new helper to count the pages for iov, and
call uarg-&gt;callback() manually when switching from zerocopy to copy to notify
vhost.

We can do further optimization on top.

This bug were introduced from b92946e2919134ebe2a4083e4302236295ea2a73
(macvtap: zerocopy: validate vectors before building skb).

Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin &lt;mst@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang &lt;jasowang@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
[bwh: Backported to 3.2: callback only takes one argument]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>macvtap: correctly linearize skb when zerocopy is used</title>
<updated>2013-08-02T20:14:49+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jason Wang</name>
<email>jasowang@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2013-07-10T05:43:28+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=c96536a2445c72c89276d2e92e698a7f40935cd2'/>
<id>c96536a2445c72c89276d2e92e698a7f40935cd2</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 61d46bf979d5cd7c164709a80ad5676a35494aae ]

Userspace may produce vectors greater than MAX_SKB_FRAGS. When we try to
linearize parts of the skb to let the rest of iov to be fit in
the frags, we need count copylen into linear when calling macvtap_alloc_skb()
instead of partly counting it into data_len. Since this breaks
zerocopy_sg_from_iovec() since its inner counter assumes nr_frags should
be zero at beginning. This cause nr_frags to be increased wrongly without
setting the correct frags.

This bug were introduced from b92946e2919134ebe2a4083e4302236295ea2a73
(macvtap: zerocopy: validate vectors before building skb).

Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin &lt;mst@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang &lt;jasowang@redhat.com&gt;
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin &lt;mst@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit 61d46bf979d5cd7c164709a80ad5676a35494aae ]

Userspace may produce vectors greater than MAX_SKB_FRAGS. When we try to
linearize parts of the skb to let the rest of iov to be fit in
the frags, we need count copylen into linear when calling macvtap_alloc_skb()
instead of partly counting it into data_len. Since this breaks
zerocopy_sg_from_iovec() since its inner counter assumes nr_frags should
be zero at beginning. This cause nr_frags to be increased wrongly without
setting the correct frags.

This bug were introduced from b92946e2919134ebe2a4083e4302236295ea2a73
(macvtap: zerocopy: validate vectors before building skb).

Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin &lt;mst@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang &lt;jasowang@redhat.com&gt;
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin &lt;mst@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>macvtap: fix recovery from gup errors</title>
<updated>2013-08-02T20:14:45+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Michael S. Tsirkin</name>
<email>mst@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2013-06-23T14:26:58+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=34a3c5bb43d7acc16d9a6d65d4b7d963060c5ca8'/>
<id>34a3c5bb43d7acc16d9a6d65d4b7d963060c5ca8</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 4c7ab054ab4f5d63625508ed6f8a607184cae7c2 ]

get user pages might fail partially in macvtap zero copy
mode. To recover we need to put all pages that we got,
but code used a wrong index resulting in double-free
errors.

Reported-by: Brad Hubbard &lt;bhubbard@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin &lt;mst@redhat.com&gt;
Acked-by: Jason Wang &lt;jasowang@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit 4c7ab054ab4f5d63625508ed6f8a607184cae7c2 ]

get user pages might fail partially in macvtap zero copy
mode. To recover we need to put all pages that we got,
but code used a wrong index resulting in double-free
errors.

Reported-by: Brad Hubbard &lt;bhubbard@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin &lt;mst@redhat.com&gt;
Acked-by: Jason Wang &lt;jasowang@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>macvtap: zerocopy: validate vectors before building skb</title>
<updated>2012-07-25T03:11:04+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jason Wang</name>
<email>jasowang@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2012-05-02T03:42:15+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=1be535a022a9c0b9a55cab2993ee29e05c4ead0b'/>
<id>1be535a022a9c0b9a55cab2993ee29e05c4ead0b</id>
<content type='text'>
commit b92946e2919134ebe2a4083e4302236295ea2a73 upstream.

There're several reasons that the vectors need to be validated:

- Return error when caller provides vectors whose num is greater than UIO_MAXIOV.
- Linearize part of skb when userspace provides vectors grater than MAX_SKB_FRAGS.
- Return error when userspace provides vectors whose total length may exceed
- MAX_SKB_FRAGS * PAGE_SIZE.

Signed-off-by: Jason Wang &lt;jasowang@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin &lt;mst@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
commit b92946e2919134ebe2a4083e4302236295ea2a73 upstream.

There're several reasons that the vectors need to be validated:

- Return error when caller provides vectors whose num is greater than UIO_MAXIOV.
- Linearize part of skb when userspace provides vectors grater than MAX_SKB_FRAGS.
- Return error when userspace provides vectors whose total length may exceed
- MAX_SKB_FRAGS * PAGE_SIZE.

Signed-off-by: Jason Wang &lt;jasowang@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin &lt;mst@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>macvtap: zerocopy: set SKBTX_DEV_ZEROCOPY only when skb is built successfully</title>
<updated>2012-07-25T03:11:04+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jason Wang</name>
<email>jasowang@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2012-05-02T03:42:06+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=cc64214d05941d09bb9f80051a1949a7223b8ab7'/>
<id>cc64214d05941d09bb9f80051a1949a7223b8ab7</id>
<content type='text'>
commit 01d6657b388438def19c8baaea28e742b6ed32ec upstream.

Current the SKBTX_DEV_ZEROCOPY is set unconditionally after
zerocopy_sg_from_iovec(), this would lead NULL pointer when macvtap
fails to build zerocopy skb because destructor_arg was not
initialized. Solve this by set this flag after the skb were built
successfully.

Signed-off-by: Jason Wang &lt;jasowang@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin &lt;mst@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
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commit 01d6657b388438def19c8baaea28e742b6ed32ec upstream.

Current the SKBTX_DEV_ZEROCOPY is set unconditionally after
zerocopy_sg_from_iovec(), this would lead NULL pointer when macvtap
fails to build zerocopy skb because destructor_arg was not
initialized. Solve this by set this flag after the skb were built
successfully.

Signed-off-by: Jason Wang &lt;jasowang@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin &lt;mst@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings &lt;ben@decadent.org.uk&gt;
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