[ Upstream commit 846bb97e131d7938847963cca00657c995b1fce1 ]

This commit changes the default Kconfig values of RANDOM_TRUST_CPU and
RANDOM_TRUST_BOOTLOADER to be Y by default. It does not change any
existing configs or change any kernel behavior. The reason for this is
several fold.

As background, I recently had an email thread with the kernel
maintainers of Fedora/RHEL, Debian, Ubuntu, Gentoo, Arch, NixOS, Alpine,
SUSE, and Void as recipients. I noted that some distros trust RDRAND,
some trust EFI, and some trust both, and I asked why or why not. There
wasn't really much of a "debate" but rather an interesting discussion of
what the historical reasons have been for this, and it came up that some
distros just missed the introduction of the bootloader Kconfig knob,
while another didn't want to enable it until there was a boot time
switch to turn it off for more concerned users (which has since been
added). The result of the rather uneventful discussion is that every
major Linux distro enables these two options by default.

While I didn't have really too strong of an opinion going into this
thread -- and I mostly wanted to learn what the distros' thinking was
one way or another -- ultimately I think their choice was a decent
enough one for a default option (which can be disabled at boot time).
I'll try to summarize the pros and cons:

Pros:

- The RNG machinery gets initialized super quickly, and there's no
  messing around with subsequent blocking behavior.

- The bootloader mechanism is used by kexec in order for the prior
  kernel to initialize the RNG of the next kernel, which increases
  the entropy available to early boot daemons of the next kernel.

- Previous objections related to backdoors centered around
  Dual_EC_DRBG-like kleptographic systems, in which observing some
  amount of the output stream enables an adversary holding the right key
  to determine the entire output stream.

  This used to be a partially justified concern, because RDRAND output
  was mixed into the output stream in varying ways, some of which may
  have lacked pre-image resistance (e.g. XOR or an LFSR).

  But this is no longer the case. Now, all usage of RDRAND and
  bootloader seeds go through a cryptographic hash function. This means
  that the CPU would have to compute a hash pre-image, which is not
  considered to be feasible (otherwise the hash function would be
  terribly broken).

- More generally, if the CPU is backdoored, the RNG is probably not the
  realistic vector of choice for an attacker.

- These CPU or bootloader seeds are far from being the only source of
  entropy. Rather, there is generally a pretty huge amount of entropy,
  not all of which is credited, especially on CPUs that support
  instructions like RDRAND. In other words, assuming RDRAND outputs all
  zeros, an attacker would *still* have to accurately model every single
  other entropy source also in use.

- The RNG now reseeds itself quite rapidly during boot, starting at 2
  seconds, then 4, then 8, then 16, and so forth, so that other sources
  of entropy get used without much delay.

- Paranoid users can set random.trust_{cpu,bootloader}=no in the kernel
  command line, and paranoid system builders can set the Kconfig options
  to N, so there's no reduction or restriction of optionality.

- It's a practical default.

- All the distros have it set this way. Microsoft and Apple trust it
  too. Bandwagon.

Cons:

- RDRAND *could* still be backdoored with something like a fixed key or
  limited space serial number seed or another indexable scheme like
  that. (However, it's hard to imagine threat models where the CPU is
  backdoored like this, yet people are still okay making *any*
  computations with it or connecting it to networks, etc.)

- RDRAND *could* be defective, rather than backdoored, and produce
  garbage that is in one way or another insufficient for crypto.

- Suggesting a *reduction* in paranoia, as this commit effectively does,
  may cause some to question my personal integrity as a "security
  person".

- Bootloader seeds and RDRAND are generally very difficult if not all
  together impossible to audit.

Keep in mind that this doesn't actually change any behavior. This
is just a change in the default Kconfig value. The distros already are
shipping kernels that set things this way.

Ard made an additional argument in [1]:

    We're at the mercy of firmware and micro-architecture anyway, given
    that we are also relying on it to ensure that every instruction in
    the kernel's executable image has been faithfully copied to memory,
    and that the CPU implements those instructions as documented. So I
    don't think firmware or ISA bugs related to RNGs deserve special
    treatment - if they are broken, we should quirk around them like we
    usually do. So enabling these by default is a step in the right
    direction IMHO.

In [2], Phil pointed out that having this disabled masked a bug that CI
otherwise would have caught:

    A clean 5.15.45 boots cleanly, whereas a downstream kernel shows the
    static key warning (but it does go on to boot). The significant
    difference is that our defconfigs set CONFIG_RANDOM_TRUST_BOOTLOADER=y
    defining that on top of multi_v7_defconfig demonstrates the issue on
    a clean 5.15.45. Conversely, not setting that option in a
    downstream kernel build avoids the warning

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAMj1kXGi+ieviFjXv9zQBSaGyyzeGW_VpMpTLJK8PJb2QHEQ-w@mail.gmail.com/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/c47c42e3-1d56-5859-a6ad-976a1a3381c6@raspberrypi.com/

Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>

commit 77fc95f8c0dc9e1f8e620ec14d2fb65028fb7adc upstream.

Rather than accounting in bytes and multiplying (shifting), we can just
account in bits and avoid the shift. The main motivation for this is
there are other patches in flux that expand this code a bit, and
avoiding the duplication of "* 8" everywhere makes things a bit clearer.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 12e45a2a6308 ("random: credit architectural init the exact amount")
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

commit 39e0f991a62ed5efabd20711a7b6e7da92603170 upstream.

add_bootloader_randomness() and the variables it touches are only used
during __init and not after, so mark these as __init. At the same time,
unexport this, since it's only called by other __init code that's
built-in.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 428826f5358c ("fdt: add support for rng-seed")
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

commit 9b29b6b20376ab64e1b043df6301d8a92378e631 upstream.

The current flow expands to:

    if (crng_ready())
       ...
    else if (...)
        if (!crng_ready())
            ...

The second crng_ready() call is redundant, but can't so easily be
optimized out by the compiler.

This commit simplifies that to:

    if (crng_ready()
        ...
    else if (...)
        ...

Fixes: 560181c27b58 ("random: move initialization functions out of hot pages")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

commit 074bcd4000e0d812bc253f86fedc40f81ed59ccc upstream.

get_random_bytes() usually hasn't full entropy available by the time DRBG
instances are first getting seeded from it during boot. Thus, the DRBG
implementation registers random_ready_callbacks which would in turn
schedule some work for reseeding the DRBGs once get_random_bytes() has
sufficient entropy available.

For reference, the relevant history around handling DRBG (re)seeding in
the context of a not yet fully seeded get_random_bytes() is:

  commit 16b369a91d0d ("random: Blocking API for accessing
                        nonblocking_pool")
  commit 4c7879907edd ("crypto: drbg - add async seeding operation")

  commit 205a525c3342 ("random: Add callback API for random pool
                        readiness")
  commit 57225e679788 ("crypto: drbg - Use callback API for random
                        readiness")
  commit c2719503f5e1 ("random: Remove kernel blocking API")

However, some time later, the initialization state of get_random_bytes()
has been made queryable via rng_is_initialized() introduced with commit
9a47249d444d ("random: Make crng state queryable"). This primitive now
allows for streamlining the DRBG reseeding from get_random_bytes() by
replacing that aforementioned asynchronous work scheduling from
random_ready_callbacks with some simpler, synchronous code in
drbg_generate() next to the related logic already present therein. Apart
from improving overall code readability, this change will also enable DRBG
users to rely on wait_for_random_bytes() for ensuring that the initial
seeding has completed, if desired.

The previous patches already laid the grounds by making drbg_seed() to
record at each DRBG instance whether it was being seeded at a time when
rng_is_initialized() still had been false as indicated by
->seeded == DRBG_SEED_STATE_PARTIAL.

All that remains to be done now is to make drbg_generate() check for this
condition, determine whether rng_is_initialized() has flipped to true in
the meanwhile and invoke a reseed from get_random_bytes() if so.

Make this move:
- rename the former drbg_async_seed() work handler, i.e. the one in charge
  of reseeding a DRBG instance from get_random_bytes(), to
  "drbg_seed_from_random()",
- change its signature as appropriate, i.e. make it take a struct
  drbg_state rather than a work_struct and change its return type from
  "void" to "int" in order to allow for passing error information from
  e.g. its __drbg_seed() invocation onwards to callers,
- make drbg_generate() invoke this drbg_seed_from_random() once it
  encounters a DRBG instance with ->seeded == DRBG_SEED_STATE_PARTIAL by
  the time rng_is_initialized() has flipped to true and
- prune everything related to the former, random_ready_callback based
  mechanism.

As drbg_seed_from_random() is now getting invoked from drbg_generate() with
the ->drbg_mutex being held, it must not attempt to recursively grab it
once again. Remove the corresponding mutex operations from what is now
drbg_seed_from_random(). Furthermore, as drbg_seed_from_random() can now
report errors directly to its caller, there's no need for it to temporarily
switch the DRBG's ->seeded state to DRBG_SEED_STATE_UNSEEDED so that a
failure of the subsequently invoked __drbg_seed() will get signaled to
drbg_generate(). Don't do it then.

Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nstange@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
[Jason: for stable, undid the modifications for the backport of 5acd3548.]
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This reverts upstream commit f5bda35fba615ace70a656d4700423fa6c9bebee
from stable. It's not essential and will take some time during 5.19 to
work out properly.

Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

commit 1ce6c8d68f8ac587f54d0a271ac594d3d51f3efb upstream.

get_random_bytes_user() checks for signals after producing a PAGE_SIZE
worth of output, just like /dev/zero does. write_pool() is doing
basically the same work (actually, slightly more expensive), and so
should stop to check for signals in the same way. Let's also name it
write_pool_user() to match get_random_bytes_user(), so this won't be
misused in the future.

Before this patch, massive writes to /dev/urandom would tie up the
process for an extremely long time and make it unterminatable. After, it
can be successfully interrupted. The following test program can be used
to see this works as intended:

  #include <unistd.h>
  #include <fcntl.h>
  #include <signal.h>
  #include <stdio.h>

  static unsigned char x[~0U];

  static void handle(int) { }

  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
  {
    pid_t pid = getpid(), child;
    int fd;
    signal(SIGUSR1, handle);
    if (!(child = fork())) {
      for (;;)
        kill(pid, SIGUSR1);
    }
    fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_WRONLY);
    pause();
    printf("interrupted after writing %zd bytes\n", write(fd, x, sizeof(x)));
    close(fd);
    kill(child, SIGTERM);
    return 0;
  }

Result before: "interrupted after writing 2147479552 bytes"
Result after: "interrupted after writing 4096 bytes"

Cc: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

commit 79025e727a846be6fd215ae9cdb654368ac3f9a6 upstream.

Now that random/urandom is using {read,write}_iter, we can wire it up to
using the generic splice handlers.

Fixes: 36e2c7421f02 ("fs: don't allow splice read/write without explicit ops")
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
[Jason: added the splice_write path. Note that sendfile() and such still
 does not work for read, though it does for write, because of a file
 type restriction in splice_direct_to_actor(), which I'll address
 separately.]
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

commit 22b0a222af4df8ee9bb8e07013ab44da9511b047 upstream.

Now that the read side has been converted to fix a regression with
splice, convert the write side as well to have some symmetry in the
interface used (and help deprecate ->write()).

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
[Jason: cleaned up random_ioctl a bit, require full writes in
 RNDADDENTROPY since it's crediting entropy, simplify control flow of
 write_pool(), and incorporate suggestions from Al.]
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

commit 1b388e7765f2eaa137cf5d92b47ef5925ad83ced upstream.

This is a pre-requisite to wiring up splice() again for the random
and urandom drivers. It also allows us to remove the INT_MAX check in
getrandom(), because import_single_range() applies capping internally.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
[Jason: rewrote get_random_bytes_user() to simplify and also incorporate
 additional suggestions from Al.]
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>