<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux-stable.git/drivers/base, branch v6.6.67</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel stable tree</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>regmap: maple: Provide lockdep (sub)class for maple tree's internal lock</title>
<updated>2024-12-14T19:00:01+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Cristian Ciocaltea</name>
<email>cristian.ciocaltea@collabora.com</email>
</author>
<published>2024-10-31T16:37:04+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=70e2f30534bb3c5be7ecef4035e1858b38a28dec'/>
<id>70e2f30534bb3c5be7ecef4035e1858b38a28dec</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 1ed9b927e7dd8b8cff13052efe212a8ff72ec51d ]

In some cases when using the maple tree register cache, the lockdep
validator might complain about invalid deadlocks:

[7.131886]  Possible interrupt unsafe locking scenario:

[7.131890]        CPU0                    CPU1
[7.131893]        ----                    ----
[7.131896]   lock(&amp;mt-&gt;ma_lock);
[7.131904]                                local_irq_disable();
[7.131907]                                lock(rockchip_drm_vop2:3114:(&amp;vop2_regmap_config)-&gt;lock);
[7.131916]                                lock(&amp;mt-&gt;ma_lock);
[7.131925]   &lt;Interrupt&gt;
[7.131928]     lock(rockchip_drm_vop2:3114:(&amp;vop2_regmap_config)-&gt;lock);
[7.131936]
                *** DEADLOCK ***

[7.131939] no locks held by swapper/0/0.
[7.131944]
               the shortest dependencies between 2nd lock and 1st lock:
[7.131950]  -&gt; (&amp;mt-&gt;ma_lock){+.+.}-{2:2} {
[7.131966]     HARDIRQ-ON-W at:
[7.131973]                       lock_acquire+0x200/0x330
[7.131986]                       _raw_spin_lock+0x50/0x70
[7.131998]                       regcache_maple_write+0x68/0xe0
[7.132010]                       regcache_write+0x6c/0x90
[7.132019]                       _regmap_read+0x19c/0x1d0
[7.132029]                       _regmap_update_bits+0xc0/0x148
[7.132038]                       regmap_update_bits_base+0x6c/0xa8
[7.132048]                       rk8xx_probe+0x22c/0x3d8
[7.132057]                       rk8xx_spi_probe+0x74/0x88
[7.132065]                       spi_probe+0xa8/0xe0

[...]

[7.132675]   }
[7.132678]   ... key      at: [&lt;ffff800082943c20&gt;] __key.0+0x0/0x10
[7.132691]   ... acquired at:
[7.132695]    _raw_spin_lock+0x50/0x70
[7.132704]    regcache_maple_write+0x68/0xe0
[7.132714]    regcache_write+0x6c/0x90
[7.132724]    _regmap_read+0x19c/0x1d0
[7.132732]    _regmap_update_bits+0xc0/0x148
[7.132741]    regmap_field_update_bits_base+0x74/0xb8
[7.132751]    vop2_plane_atomic_update+0x480/0x14d8 [rockchipdrm]
[7.132820]    drm_atomic_helper_commit_planes+0x1a0/0x320 [drm_kms_helper]

[...]

[7.135112] -&gt; (rockchip_drm_vop2:3114:(&amp;vop2_regmap_config)-&gt;lock){-...}-{2:2} {
[7.135130]    IN-HARDIRQ-W at:
[7.135136]                     lock_acquire+0x200/0x330
[7.135147]                     _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x6c/0x98
[7.135157]                     regmap_lock_spinlock+0x20/0x40
[7.135166]                     regmap_read+0x44/0x90
[7.135175]                     vop2_isr+0x90/0x290 [rockchipdrm]
[7.135225]                     __handle_irq_event_percpu+0x124/0x2d0

In the example above, the validator seems to get the scope of
dependencies wrong, since the regmap instance used in rk8xx-spi driver
has nothing to do with the instance from vop2.

Improve validation by sharing the regmap's lockdep class with the maple
tree's internal lock, while also providing a subclass for the latter.

Signed-off-by: Cristian Ciocaltea &lt;cristian.ciocaltea@collabora.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20241031-regmap-maple-lockdep-fix-v2-1-06a3710f3623@collabora.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown &lt;broonie@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit 1ed9b927e7dd8b8cff13052efe212a8ff72ec51d ]

In some cases when using the maple tree register cache, the lockdep
validator might complain about invalid deadlocks:

[7.131886]  Possible interrupt unsafe locking scenario:

[7.131890]        CPU0                    CPU1
[7.131893]        ----                    ----
[7.131896]   lock(&amp;mt-&gt;ma_lock);
[7.131904]                                local_irq_disable();
[7.131907]                                lock(rockchip_drm_vop2:3114:(&amp;vop2_regmap_config)-&gt;lock);
[7.131916]                                lock(&amp;mt-&gt;ma_lock);
[7.131925]   &lt;Interrupt&gt;
[7.131928]     lock(rockchip_drm_vop2:3114:(&amp;vop2_regmap_config)-&gt;lock);
[7.131936]
                *** DEADLOCK ***

[7.131939] no locks held by swapper/0/0.
[7.131944]
               the shortest dependencies between 2nd lock and 1st lock:
[7.131950]  -&gt; (&amp;mt-&gt;ma_lock){+.+.}-{2:2} {
[7.131966]     HARDIRQ-ON-W at:
[7.131973]                       lock_acquire+0x200/0x330
[7.131986]                       _raw_spin_lock+0x50/0x70
[7.131998]                       regcache_maple_write+0x68/0xe0
[7.132010]                       regcache_write+0x6c/0x90
[7.132019]                       _regmap_read+0x19c/0x1d0
[7.132029]                       _regmap_update_bits+0xc0/0x148
[7.132038]                       regmap_update_bits_base+0x6c/0xa8
[7.132048]                       rk8xx_probe+0x22c/0x3d8
[7.132057]                       rk8xx_spi_probe+0x74/0x88
[7.132065]                       spi_probe+0xa8/0xe0

[...]

[7.132675]   }
[7.132678]   ... key      at: [&lt;ffff800082943c20&gt;] __key.0+0x0/0x10
[7.132691]   ... acquired at:
[7.132695]    _raw_spin_lock+0x50/0x70
[7.132704]    regcache_maple_write+0x68/0xe0
[7.132714]    regcache_write+0x6c/0x90
[7.132724]    _regmap_read+0x19c/0x1d0
[7.132732]    _regmap_update_bits+0xc0/0x148
[7.132741]    regmap_field_update_bits_base+0x74/0xb8
[7.132751]    vop2_plane_atomic_update+0x480/0x14d8 [rockchipdrm]
[7.132820]    drm_atomic_helper_commit_planes+0x1a0/0x320 [drm_kms_helper]

[...]

[7.135112] -&gt; (rockchip_drm_vop2:3114:(&amp;vop2_regmap_config)-&gt;lock){-...}-{2:2} {
[7.135130]    IN-HARDIRQ-W at:
[7.135136]                     lock_acquire+0x200/0x330
[7.135147]                     _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x6c/0x98
[7.135157]                     regmap_lock_spinlock+0x20/0x40
[7.135166]                     regmap_read+0x44/0x90
[7.135175]                     vop2_isr+0x90/0x290 [rockchipdrm]
[7.135225]                     __handle_irq_event_percpu+0x124/0x2d0

In the example above, the validator seems to get the scope of
dependencies wrong, since the regmap instance used in rk8xx-spi driver
has nothing to do with the instance from vop2.

Improve validation by sharing the regmap's lockdep class with the maple
tree's internal lock, while also providing a subclass for the latter.

Signed-off-by: Cristian Ciocaltea &lt;cristian.ciocaltea@collabora.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20241031-regmap-maple-lockdep-fix-v2-1-06a3710f3623@collabora.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown &lt;broonie@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>regmap: detach regmap from dev on regmap_exit</title>
<updated>2024-12-14T18:59:57+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Cosmin Tanislav</name>
<email>demonsingur@gmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2024-11-28T13:16:23+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=f1a99d8645d82d2a02a5508b3f8ef452143ea4e9'/>
<id>f1a99d8645d82d2a02a5508b3f8ef452143ea4e9</id>
<content type='text'>
commit 3061e170381af96d1e66799d34264e6414d428a7 upstream.

At the end of __regmap_init(), if dev is not NULL, regmap_attach_dev()
is called, which adds a devres reference to the regmap, to be able to
retrieve a dev's regmap by name using dev_get_regmap().

When calling regmap_exit, the opposite does not happen, and the
reference is kept until the dev is detached.

Add a regmap_detach_dev() function and call it in regmap_exit() to make
sure that the devres reference is not kept.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 72b39f6f2b5a ("regmap: Implement dev_get_regmap()")
Signed-off-by: Cosmin Tanislav &lt;demonsingur@gmail.com&gt;
Rule: add
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/stable/20241128130554.362486-1-demonsingur%40gmail.com
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20241128131625.363835-1-demonsingur@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown &lt;broonie@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
commit 3061e170381af96d1e66799d34264e6414d428a7 upstream.

At the end of __regmap_init(), if dev is not NULL, regmap_attach_dev()
is called, which adds a devres reference to the regmap, to be able to
retrieve a dev's regmap by name using dev_get_regmap().

When calling regmap_exit, the opposite does not happen, and the
reference is kept until the dev is detached.

Add a regmap_detach_dev() function and call it in regmap_exit() to make
sure that the devres reference is not kept.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 72b39f6f2b5a ("regmap: Implement dev_get_regmap()")
Signed-off-by: Cosmin Tanislav &lt;demonsingur@gmail.com&gt;
Rule: add
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/stable/20241128130554.362486-1-demonsingur%40gmail.com
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20241128131625.363835-1-demonsingur@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown &lt;broonie@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>cacheinfo: Allocate memory during CPU hotplug if not done from the primary CPU</title>
<updated>2024-12-14T18:59:55+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Ricardo Neri</name>
<email>ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com</email>
</author>
<published>2024-11-28T00:22:46+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=23b5908b11b77ff8d7b8f7b8f11cbab2e1f4bfc2'/>
<id>23b5908b11b77ff8d7b8f7b8f11cbab2e1f4bfc2</id>
<content type='text'>
commit b3fce429a1e030b50c1c91351d69b8667eef627b upstream.

Commit

  5944ce092b97 ("arch_topology: Build cacheinfo from primary CPU")

adds functionality that architectures can use to optionally allocate and
build cacheinfo early during boot. Commit

  6539cffa9495 ("cacheinfo: Add arch specific early level initializer")

lets secondary CPUs correct (and reallocate memory) cacheinfo data if
needed.

If the early build functionality is not used and cacheinfo does not need
correction, memory for cacheinfo is never allocated. x86 does not use
the early build functionality. Consequently, during the cacheinfo CPU
hotplug callback, last_level_cache_is_valid() attempts to dereference
a NULL pointer:

  BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000100
  #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not present page
  PGD 0 P4D 0
  Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEPMT SMP NOPTI
  CPU: 0 PID 19 Comm: cpuhp/0 Not tainted 6.4.0-rc2 #1
  RIP: 0010: last_level_cache_is_valid+0x95/0xe0a

Allocate memory for cacheinfo during the cacheinfo CPU hotplug callback
if not done earlier.

Moreover, before determining the validity of the last-level cache info,
ensure that it has been allocated. Simply checking for non-zero
cache_leaves() is not sufficient, as some architectures (e.g., Intel
processors) have non-zero cache_leaves() before allocation.

Dereferencing NULL cacheinfo can occur in update_per_cpu_data_slice_size().
This function iterates over all online CPUs. However, a CPU may have come
online recently, but its cacheinfo may not have been allocated yet.

While here, remove an unnecessary indentation in allocate_cache_info().

  [ bp: Massage. ]

Fixes: 6539cffa9495 ("cacheinfo: Add arch specific early level initializer")
Signed-off-by: Ricardo Neri &lt;ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) &lt;bp@alien8.de&gt;
Reviewed-by: Radu Rendec &lt;rrendec@redhat.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Nikolay Borisov &lt;nik.borisov@suse.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Andreas Herrmann &lt;aherrmann@suse.de&gt;
Reviewed-by: Sudeep Holla &lt;sudeep.holla@arm.com&gt;
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 6.3+
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241128002247.26726-2-ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
commit b3fce429a1e030b50c1c91351d69b8667eef627b upstream.

Commit

  5944ce092b97 ("arch_topology: Build cacheinfo from primary CPU")

adds functionality that architectures can use to optionally allocate and
build cacheinfo early during boot. Commit

  6539cffa9495 ("cacheinfo: Add arch specific early level initializer")

lets secondary CPUs correct (and reallocate memory) cacheinfo data if
needed.

If the early build functionality is not used and cacheinfo does not need
correction, memory for cacheinfo is never allocated. x86 does not use
the early build functionality. Consequently, during the cacheinfo CPU
hotplug callback, last_level_cache_is_valid() attempts to dereference
a NULL pointer:

  BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000100
  #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not present page
  PGD 0 P4D 0
  Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEPMT SMP NOPTI
  CPU: 0 PID 19 Comm: cpuhp/0 Not tainted 6.4.0-rc2 #1
  RIP: 0010: last_level_cache_is_valid+0x95/0xe0a

Allocate memory for cacheinfo during the cacheinfo CPU hotplug callback
if not done earlier.

Moreover, before determining the validity of the last-level cache info,
ensure that it has been allocated. Simply checking for non-zero
cache_leaves() is not sufficient, as some architectures (e.g., Intel
processors) have non-zero cache_leaves() before allocation.

Dereferencing NULL cacheinfo can occur in update_per_cpu_data_slice_size().
This function iterates over all online CPUs. However, a CPU may have come
online recently, but its cacheinfo may not have been allocated yet.

While here, remove an unnecessary indentation in allocate_cache_info().

  [ bp: Massage. ]

Fixes: 6539cffa9495 ("cacheinfo: Add arch specific early level initializer")
Signed-off-by: Ricardo Neri &lt;ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) &lt;bp@alien8.de&gt;
Reviewed-by: Radu Rendec &lt;rrendec@redhat.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Nikolay Borisov &lt;nik.borisov@suse.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Andreas Herrmann &lt;aherrmann@suse.de&gt;
Reviewed-by: Sudeep Holla &lt;sudeep.holla@arm.com&gt;
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 6.3+
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241128002247.26726-2-ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>driver core: fw_devlink: Stop trying to optimize cycle detection logic</title>
<updated>2024-12-14T18:59:45+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Saravana Kannan</name>
<email>saravanak@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2024-10-30T17:10:07+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=f3ae93e738dbce362809662da7ac99c7297ee00c'/>
<id>f3ae93e738dbce362809662da7ac99c7297ee00c</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit bac3b10b78e54b7da3cede397258f75a2180609b ]

In attempting to optimize fw_devlink runtime, I introduced numerous cycle
detection bugs by foregoing cycle detection logic under specific
conditions. Each fix has further narrowed the conditions for optimization.

It's time to give up on these optimization attempts and just run the cycle
detection logic every time fw_devlink tries to create a device link.

The specific bug report that triggered this fix involved a supplier fwnode
that never gets a device created for it. Instead, the supplier fwnode is
represented by the device that corresponds to an ancestor fwnode.

In this case, fw_devlink didn't do any cycle detection because the cycle
detection logic is only run when a device link is created between the
devices that correspond to the actual consumer and supplier fwnodes.

With this change, fw_devlink will run cycle detection logic even when
creating SYNC_STATE_ONLY proxy device links from a device that is an
ancestor of a consumer fwnode.

Reported-by: Tomi Valkeinen &lt;tomi.valkeinen@ideasonboard.com&gt;
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/1a1ab663-d068-40fb-8c94-f0715403d276@ideasonboard.com/
Fixes: 6442d79d880c ("driver core: fw_devlink: Improve detection of overlapping cycles")
Cc: stable &lt;stable@kernel.org&gt;
Tested-by: Tomi Valkeinen &lt;tomi.valkeinen@ideasonboard.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Saravana Kannan &lt;saravanak@google.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241030171009.1853340-1-saravanak@google.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit bac3b10b78e54b7da3cede397258f75a2180609b ]

In attempting to optimize fw_devlink runtime, I introduced numerous cycle
detection bugs by foregoing cycle detection logic under specific
conditions. Each fix has further narrowed the conditions for optimization.

It's time to give up on these optimization attempts and just run the cycle
detection logic every time fw_devlink tries to create a device link.

The specific bug report that triggered this fix involved a supplier fwnode
that never gets a device created for it. Instead, the supplier fwnode is
represented by the device that corresponds to an ancestor fwnode.

In this case, fw_devlink didn't do any cycle detection because the cycle
detection logic is only run when a device link is created between the
devices that correspond to the actual consumer and supplier fwnodes.

With this change, fw_devlink will run cycle detection logic even when
creating SYNC_STATE_ONLY proxy device links from a device that is an
ancestor of a consumer fwnode.

Reported-by: Tomi Valkeinen &lt;tomi.valkeinen@ideasonboard.com&gt;
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/1a1ab663-d068-40fb-8c94-f0715403d276@ideasonboard.com/
Fixes: 6442d79d880c ("driver core: fw_devlink: Improve detection of overlapping cycles")
Cc: stable &lt;stable@kernel.org&gt;
Tested-by: Tomi Valkeinen &lt;tomi.valkeinen@ideasonboard.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Saravana Kannan &lt;saravanak@google.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241030171009.1853340-1-saravanak@google.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>driver core: Add FWLINK_FLAG_IGNORE to completely ignore a fwnode link</title>
<updated>2024-12-14T18:59:45+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Saravana Kannan</name>
<email>saravanak@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2024-03-05T05:04:55+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=dce7a5c7bfa36d74f39ef9dccd784020b7363fa8'/>
<id>dce7a5c7bfa36d74f39ef9dccd784020b7363fa8</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit b7e1241d8f77ed64404a5e4450f43a319310fc91 ]

A fwnode link between specific supplier-consumer fwnodes can be added
multiple times for multiple reasons. If that dependency doesn't exist,
deleting the fwnode link once doesn't guarantee that it won't get created
again.

So, add FWLINK_FLAG_IGNORE flag to mark a fwnode link as one that needs to
be completely ignored. Since a fwnode link's flags is an OR of all the
flags passed to all the fwnode_link_add() calls to create that specific
fwnode link, the FWLINK_FLAG_IGNORE flag is preserved and can be used to
mark a fwnode link as on that need to be completely ignored until it is
deleted.

Signed-off-by: Saravana Kannan &lt;saravanak@google.com&gt;
Acked-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" &lt;rafael@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Rob Herring &lt;robh@kernel.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240305050458.1400667-3-saravanak@google.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Stable-dep-of: bac3b10b78e5 ("driver core: fw_devlink: Stop trying to optimize cycle detection logic")
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit b7e1241d8f77ed64404a5e4450f43a319310fc91 ]

A fwnode link between specific supplier-consumer fwnodes can be added
multiple times for multiple reasons. If that dependency doesn't exist,
deleting the fwnode link once doesn't guarantee that it won't get created
again.

So, add FWLINK_FLAG_IGNORE flag to mark a fwnode link as one that needs to
be completely ignored. Since a fwnode link's flags is an OR of all the
flags passed to all the fwnode_link_add() calls to create that specific
fwnode link, the FWLINK_FLAG_IGNORE flag is preserved and can be used to
mark a fwnode link as on that need to be completely ignored until it is
deleted.

Signed-off-by: Saravana Kannan &lt;saravanak@google.com&gt;
Acked-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" &lt;rafael@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Rob Herring &lt;robh@kernel.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240305050458.1400667-3-saravanak@google.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Stable-dep-of: bac3b10b78e5 ("driver core: fw_devlink: Stop trying to optimize cycle detection logic")
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>driver core: fw_devlink: Improve logs for cycle detection</title>
<updated>2024-12-14T18:59:44+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Saravana Kannan</name>
<email>saravanak@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2024-02-02T09:56:35+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=5c764791fb7b8126e0e963cfd64caa7f3c857955'/>
<id>5c764791fb7b8126e0e963cfd64caa7f3c857955</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 6e7ad1aebb4fc9fed0217dd50ef6e58a53f17d81 ]

The links in a cycle are not all logged in a consistent manner or not
logged at all. Make them consistent by adding a "cycle:" string and log all
the link in the cycles (even the child ==&gt; parent dependency) so that it's
easier to debug cycle detection code. Also, mark the start and end of a
cycle so it's easy to tell when multiple cycles are logged back to back.

Signed-off-by: Saravana Kannan &lt;saravanak@google.com&gt;
Tested-by: Xu Yang &lt;xu.yang_2@nxp.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240202095636.868578-4-saravanak@google.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Stable-dep-of: bac3b10b78e5 ("driver core: fw_devlink: Stop trying to optimize cycle detection logic")
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit 6e7ad1aebb4fc9fed0217dd50ef6e58a53f17d81 ]

The links in a cycle are not all logged in a consistent manner or not
logged at all. Make them consistent by adding a "cycle:" string and log all
the link in the cycles (even the child ==&gt; parent dependency) so that it's
easier to debug cycle detection code. Also, mark the start and end of a
cycle so it's easy to tell when multiple cycles are logged back to back.

Signed-off-by: Saravana Kannan &lt;saravanak@google.com&gt;
Tested-by: Xu Yang &lt;xu.yang_2@nxp.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240202095636.868578-4-saravanak@google.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Stable-dep-of: bac3b10b78e5 ("driver core: fw_devlink: Stop trying to optimize cycle detection logic")
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>firmware_loader: Fix possible resource leak in fw_log_firmware_info()</title>
<updated>2024-12-09T09:32:37+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Gaosheng Cui</name>
<email>cuigaosheng1@huawei.com</email>
</author>
<published>2024-10-16T11:03:35+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=789a72498d32f88d24371c10985aceb46397056c'/>
<id>789a72498d32f88d24371c10985aceb46397056c</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 369a9c046c2fdfe037f05b43b84c386bdbccc103 ]

The alg instance should be released under the exception path, otherwise
there may be resource leak here.

To mitigate this, free the alg instance with crypto_free_shash when kmalloc
fails.

Fixes: 02fe26f25325 ("firmware_loader: Add debug message with checksum for FW file")
Signed-off-by: Gaosheng Cui &lt;cuigaosheng1@huawei.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Amadeusz Sławiński &lt;amadeuszx.slawinski@linux.intel.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Russ Weight &lt;russ.weight@linux.dev&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241016110335.3677924-1-cuigaosheng1@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit 369a9c046c2fdfe037f05b43b84c386bdbccc103 ]

The alg instance should be released under the exception path, otherwise
there may be resource leak here.

To mitigate this, free the alg instance with crypto_free_shash when kmalloc
fails.

Fixes: 02fe26f25325 ("firmware_loader: Add debug message with checksum for FW file")
Signed-off-by: Gaosheng Cui &lt;cuigaosheng1@huawei.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Amadeusz Sławiński &lt;amadeuszx.slawinski@linux.intel.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Russ Weight &lt;russ.weight@linux.dev&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241016110335.3677924-1-cuigaosheng1@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>regmap: irq: Set lockdep class for hierarchical IRQ domains</title>
<updated>2024-12-09T09:31:56+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Andy Shevchenko</name>
<email>andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com</email>
</author>
<published>2024-11-01T16:55:53+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=3dea2312ab45915d8178f8a63f8a85392131592b'/>
<id>3dea2312ab45915d8178f8a63f8a85392131592b</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 953e549471cabc9d4980f1da2e9fa79f4c23da06 ]

Lockdep gives a false positive splat as it can't distinguish the lock
which is taken by different IRQ descriptors from different IRQ chips
that are organized in a way of a hierarchy:

   ======================================================
   WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
   6.12.0-rc5-next-20241101-00148-g9fabf8160b53 #562 Tainted: G        W
   ------------------------------------------------------
   modprobe/141 is trying to acquire lock:
   ffff899446947868 (intel_soc_pmic_bxtwc:502:(&amp;bxtwc_regmap_config)-&gt;lock){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: regmap_update_bits_base+0x33/0x90

   but task is already holding lock:
   ffff899446947c68 (&amp;d-&gt;lock){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: __setup_irq+0x682/0x790

   which lock already depends on the new lock.

   -&gt; #3 (&amp;d-&gt;lock){+.+.}-{4:4}:
   -&gt; #2 (&amp;desc-&gt;request_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}:
   -&gt; #1 (ipclock){+.+.}-{4:4}:
   -&gt; #0 (intel_soc_pmic_bxtwc:502:(&amp;bxtwc_regmap_config)-&gt;lock){+.+.}-{4:4}:

   Chain exists of:
     intel_soc_pmic_bxtwc:502:(&amp;bxtwc_regmap_config)-&gt;lock --&gt; &amp;desc-&gt;request_mutex --&gt; &amp;d-&gt;lock

    Possible unsafe locking scenario:

          CPU0                    CPU1
          ----                    ----
     lock(&amp;d-&gt;lock);
                                  lock(&amp;desc-&gt;request_mutex);
                                  lock(&amp;d-&gt;lock);
     lock(intel_soc_pmic_bxtwc:502:(&amp;bxtwc_regmap_config)-&gt;lock);

    *** DEADLOCK ***

   3 locks held by modprobe/141:
    #0: ffff8994419368f8 (&amp;dev-&gt;mutex){....}-{4:4}, at: __driver_attach+0xf6/0x250
    #1: ffff89944690b250 (&amp;desc-&gt;request_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: __setup_irq+0x1a2/0x790
    #2: ffff899446947c68 (&amp;d-&gt;lock){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: __setup_irq+0x682/0x790

Set a lockdep class when we map the IRQ so that it doesn't warn about
a lockdep bug that doesn't exist.

Fixes: 4af8be67fd99 ("regmap: Convert regmap_irq to use irq_domain")
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko &lt;andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20241101165553.4055617-1-andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown &lt;broonie@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
[ Upstream commit 953e549471cabc9d4980f1da2e9fa79f4c23da06 ]

Lockdep gives a false positive splat as it can't distinguish the lock
which is taken by different IRQ descriptors from different IRQ chips
that are organized in a way of a hierarchy:

   ======================================================
   WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
   6.12.0-rc5-next-20241101-00148-g9fabf8160b53 #562 Tainted: G        W
   ------------------------------------------------------
   modprobe/141 is trying to acquire lock:
   ffff899446947868 (intel_soc_pmic_bxtwc:502:(&amp;bxtwc_regmap_config)-&gt;lock){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: regmap_update_bits_base+0x33/0x90

   but task is already holding lock:
   ffff899446947c68 (&amp;d-&gt;lock){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: __setup_irq+0x682/0x790

   which lock already depends on the new lock.

   -&gt; #3 (&amp;d-&gt;lock){+.+.}-{4:4}:
   -&gt; #2 (&amp;desc-&gt;request_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}:
   -&gt; #1 (ipclock){+.+.}-{4:4}:
   -&gt; #0 (intel_soc_pmic_bxtwc:502:(&amp;bxtwc_regmap_config)-&gt;lock){+.+.}-{4:4}:

   Chain exists of:
     intel_soc_pmic_bxtwc:502:(&amp;bxtwc_regmap_config)-&gt;lock --&gt; &amp;desc-&gt;request_mutex --&gt; &amp;d-&gt;lock

    Possible unsafe locking scenario:

          CPU0                    CPU1
          ----                    ----
     lock(&amp;d-&gt;lock);
                                  lock(&amp;desc-&gt;request_mutex);
                                  lock(&amp;d-&gt;lock);
     lock(intel_soc_pmic_bxtwc:502:(&amp;bxtwc_regmap_config)-&gt;lock);

    *** DEADLOCK ***

   3 locks held by modprobe/141:
    #0: ffff8994419368f8 (&amp;dev-&gt;mutex){....}-{4:4}, at: __driver_attach+0xf6/0x250
    #1: ffff89944690b250 (&amp;desc-&gt;request_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: __setup_irq+0x1a2/0x790
    #2: ffff899446947c68 (&amp;d-&gt;lock){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: __setup_irq+0x682/0x790

Set a lockdep class when we map the IRQ so that it doesn't warn about
a lockdep bug that doesn't exist.

Fixes: 4af8be67fd99 ("regmap: Convert regmap_irq to use irq_domain")
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko &lt;andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20241101165553.4055617-1-andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown &lt;broonie@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>cxl/port: Fix use-after-free, permit out-of-order decoder shutdown</title>
<updated>2024-11-08T15:28:24+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Dan Williams</name>
<email>dan.j.williams@intel.com</email>
</author>
<published>2024-10-23T01:43:49+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=8e1b52c15c81106456437f8e49575040e489e355'/>
<id>8e1b52c15c81106456437f8e49575040e489e355</id>
<content type='text'>
commit 101c268bd2f37e965a5468353e62d154db38838e upstream.

In support of investigating an initialization failure report [1],
cxl_test was updated to register mock memory-devices after the mock
root-port/bus device had been registered. That led to cxl_test crashing
with a use-after-free bug with the following signature:

    cxl_port_attach_region: cxl region3: cxl_host_bridge.0:port3 decoder3.0 add: mem0:decoder7.0 @ 0 next: cxl_switch_uport.0 nr_eps: 1 nr_targets: 1
    cxl_port_attach_region: cxl region3: cxl_host_bridge.0:port3 decoder3.0 add: mem4:decoder14.0 @ 1 next: cxl_switch_uport.0 nr_eps: 2 nr_targets: 1
    cxl_port_setup_targets: cxl region3: cxl_switch_uport.0:port6 target[0] = cxl_switch_dport.0 for mem0:decoder7.0 @ 0
1)  cxl_port_setup_targets: cxl region3: cxl_switch_uport.0:port6 target[1] = cxl_switch_dport.4 for mem4:decoder14.0 @ 1
    [..]
    cxld_unregister: cxl decoder14.0:
    cxl_region_decode_reset: cxl_region region3:
    mock_decoder_reset: cxl_port port3: decoder3.0 reset
2)  mock_decoder_reset: cxl_port port3: decoder3.0: out of order reset, expected decoder3.1
    cxl_endpoint_decoder_release: cxl decoder14.0:
    [..]
    cxld_unregister: cxl decoder7.0:
3)  cxl_region_decode_reset: cxl_region region3:
    Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0x6b6b6b6b6b6b6bc3: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI
    [..]
    RIP: 0010:to_cxl_port+0x8/0x60 [cxl_core]
    [..]
    Call Trace:
     &lt;TASK&gt;
     cxl_region_decode_reset+0x69/0x190 [cxl_core]
     cxl_region_detach+0xe8/0x210 [cxl_core]
     cxl_decoder_kill_region+0x27/0x40 [cxl_core]
     cxld_unregister+0x5d/0x60 [cxl_core]

At 1) a region has been established with 2 endpoint decoders (7.0 and
14.0). Those endpoints share a common switch-decoder in the topology
(3.0). At teardown, 2), decoder14.0 is the first to be removed and hits
the "out of order reset case" in the switch decoder. The effect though
is that region3 cleanup is aborted leaving it in-tact and
referencing decoder14.0. At 3) the second attempt to teardown region3
trips over the stale decoder14.0 object which has long since been
deleted.

The fix here is to recognize that the CXL specification places no
mandate on in-order shutdown of switch-decoders, the driver enforces
in-order allocation, and hardware enforces in-order commit. So, rather
than fail and leave objects dangling, always remove them.

In support of making cxl_region_decode_reset() always succeed,
cxl_region_invalidate_memregion() failures are turned into warnings.
Crashing the kernel is ok there since system integrity is at risk if
caches cannot be managed around physical address mutation events like
CXL region destruction.

A new device_for_each_child_reverse_from() is added to cleanup
port-&gt;commit_end after all dependent decoders have been disabled. In
other words if decoders are allocated 0-&gt;1-&gt;2 and disabled 1-&gt;2-&gt;0 then
port-&gt;commit_end only decrements from 2 after 2 has been disabled, and
it decrements all the way to zero since 1 was disabled previously.

Link: http://lore.kernel.org/20241004212504.1246-1-gourry@gourry.net [1]
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 176baefb2eb5 ("cxl/hdm: Commit decoder state to hardware")
Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron &lt;Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com&gt;
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dave@stgolabs.net&gt;
Cc: Dave Jiang &lt;dave.jiang@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Alison Schofield &lt;alison.schofield@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Ira Weiny &lt;ira.weiny@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Zijun Hu &lt;quic_zijuhu@quicinc.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Ira Weiny &lt;ira.weiny@intel.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/172964782781.81806.17902885593105284330.stgit@dwillia2-xfh.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ira Weiny &lt;ira.weiny@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
commit 101c268bd2f37e965a5468353e62d154db38838e upstream.

In support of investigating an initialization failure report [1],
cxl_test was updated to register mock memory-devices after the mock
root-port/bus device had been registered. That led to cxl_test crashing
with a use-after-free bug with the following signature:

    cxl_port_attach_region: cxl region3: cxl_host_bridge.0:port3 decoder3.0 add: mem0:decoder7.0 @ 0 next: cxl_switch_uport.0 nr_eps: 1 nr_targets: 1
    cxl_port_attach_region: cxl region3: cxl_host_bridge.0:port3 decoder3.0 add: mem4:decoder14.0 @ 1 next: cxl_switch_uport.0 nr_eps: 2 nr_targets: 1
    cxl_port_setup_targets: cxl region3: cxl_switch_uport.0:port6 target[0] = cxl_switch_dport.0 for mem0:decoder7.0 @ 0
1)  cxl_port_setup_targets: cxl region3: cxl_switch_uport.0:port6 target[1] = cxl_switch_dport.4 for mem4:decoder14.0 @ 1
    [..]
    cxld_unregister: cxl decoder14.0:
    cxl_region_decode_reset: cxl_region region3:
    mock_decoder_reset: cxl_port port3: decoder3.0 reset
2)  mock_decoder_reset: cxl_port port3: decoder3.0: out of order reset, expected decoder3.1
    cxl_endpoint_decoder_release: cxl decoder14.0:
    [..]
    cxld_unregister: cxl decoder7.0:
3)  cxl_region_decode_reset: cxl_region region3:
    Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0x6b6b6b6b6b6b6bc3: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI
    [..]
    RIP: 0010:to_cxl_port+0x8/0x60 [cxl_core]
    [..]
    Call Trace:
     &lt;TASK&gt;
     cxl_region_decode_reset+0x69/0x190 [cxl_core]
     cxl_region_detach+0xe8/0x210 [cxl_core]
     cxl_decoder_kill_region+0x27/0x40 [cxl_core]
     cxld_unregister+0x5d/0x60 [cxl_core]

At 1) a region has been established with 2 endpoint decoders (7.0 and
14.0). Those endpoints share a common switch-decoder in the topology
(3.0). At teardown, 2), decoder14.0 is the first to be removed and hits
the "out of order reset case" in the switch decoder. The effect though
is that region3 cleanup is aborted leaving it in-tact and
referencing decoder14.0. At 3) the second attempt to teardown region3
trips over the stale decoder14.0 object which has long since been
deleted.

The fix here is to recognize that the CXL specification places no
mandate on in-order shutdown of switch-decoders, the driver enforces
in-order allocation, and hardware enforces in-order commit. So, rather
than fail and leave objects dangling, always remove them.

In support of making cxl_region_decode_reset() always succeed,
cxl_region_invalidate_memregion() failures are turned into warnings.
Crashing the kernel is ok there since system integrity is at risk if
caches cannot be managed around physical address mutation events like
CXL region destruction.

A new device_for_each_child_reverse_from() is added to cleanup
port-&gt;commit_end after all dependent decoders have been disabled. In
other words if decoders are allocated 0-&gt;1-&gt;2 and disabled 1-&gt;2-&gt;0 then
port-&gt;commit_end only decrements from 2 after 2 has been disabled, and
it decrements all the way to zero since 1 was disabled previously.

Link: http://lore.kernel.org/20241004212504.1246-1-gourry@gourry.net [1]
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 176baefb2eb5 ("cxl/hdm: Commit decoder state to hardware")
Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron &lt;Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com&gt;
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso &lt;dave@stgolabs.net&gt;
Cc: Dave Jiang &lt;dave.jiang@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Alison Schofield &lt;alison.schofield@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Ira Weiny &lt;ira.weiny@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Zijun Hu &lt;quic_zijuhu@quicinc.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Ira Weiny &lt;ira.weiny@intel.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/172964782781.81806.17902885593105284330.stgit@dwillia2-xfh.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ira Weiny &lt;ira.weiny@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Revert "driver core: Fix uevent_show() vs driver detach race"</title>
<updated>2024-11-08T15:28:23+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Greg Kroah-Hartman</name>
<email>gregkh@linuxfoundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2024-10-29T00:23:04+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.tavy.me/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=fd28d9589460945985ef5333e9b942c4261f0826'/>
<id>fd28d9589460945985ef5333e9b942c4261f0826</id>
<content type='text'>
commit 9a71892cbcdb9d1459c84f5a4c722b14354158a5 upstream.

This reverts commit 15fffc6a5624b13b428bb1c6e9088e32a55eb82c.

This commit causes a regression, so revert it for now until it can come
back in a way that works for everyone.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/172790598832.1168608.4519484276671503678.stgit@dwillia2-xfh.jf.intel.com/
Fixes: 15fffc6a5624 ("driver core: Fix uevent_show() vs driver detach race")
Cc: stable &lt;stable@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Ashish Sangwan &lt;a.sangwan@samsung.com&gt;
Cc: Namjae Jeon &lt;namjae.jeon@samsung.com&gt;
Cc: Dirk Behme &lt;dirk.behme@de.bosch.com&gt;
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki &lt;rafael@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
commit 9a71892cbcdb9d1459c84f5a4c722b14354158a5 upstream.

This reverts commit 15fffc6a5624b13b428bb1c6e9088e32a55eb82c.

This commit causes a regression, so revert it for now until it can come
back in a way that works for everyone.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/172790598832.1168608.4519484276671503678.stgit@dwillia2-xfh.jf.intel.com/
Fixes: 15fffc6a5624 ("driver core: Fix uevent_show() vs driver detach race")
Cc: stable &lt;stable@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Ashish Sangwan &lt;a.sangwan@samsung.com&gt;
Cc: Namjae Jeon &lt;namjae.jeon@samsung.com&gt;
Cc: Dirk Behme &lt;dirk.behme@de.bosch.com&gt;
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki &lt;rafael@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</pre>
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