linux-stable.git/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/monitor.c, branch linux-5.10.y

x86/resctrl: Fix miscount of bandwidth event when reactivating previously unavailable RMID

2025-12-06T21:08:08+00:00

[ Upstream commit 15292f1b4c55a3a7c940dbcb6cb8793871ed3d92 ]

Users can create as many monitoring groups as the number of RMIDs supported
by the hardware. However, on AMD systems, only a limited number of RMIDs
are guaranteed to be actively tracked by the hardware. RMIDs that exceed
this limit are placed in an "Unavailable" state.

When a bandwidth counter is read for such an RMID, the hardware sets
MSR_IA32_QM_CTR.Unavailable (bit 62). When such an RMID starts being tracked
again the hardware counter is reset to zero. MSR_IA32_QM_CTR.Unavailable
remains set on first read after tracking re-starts and is clear on all
subsequent reads as long as the RMID is tracked.

resctrl miscounts the bandwidth events after an RMID transitions from the
"Unavailable" state back to being tracked. This happens because when the
hardware starts counting again after resetting the counter to zero, resctrl
in turn compares the new count against the counter value stored from the
previous time the RMID was tracked.

This results in resctrl computing an event value that is either undercounting
(when new counter is more than stored counter) or a mistaken overflow (when
new counter is less than stored counter).

Reset the stored value (arch_mbm_state::prev_msr) of MSR_IA32_QM_CTR to
zero whenever the RMID is in the "Unavailable" state to ensure accurate
counting after the RMID resets to zero when it starts to be tracked again.

Example scenario that results in mistaken overflow
==================================================
1. The resctrl filesystem is mounted, and a task is assigned to a
   monitoring group.

   $mount -t resctrl resctrl /sys/fs/resctrl
   $mkdir /sys/fs/resctrl/mon_groups/test1/
   $echo 1234 > /sys/fs/resctrl/mon_groups/test1/tasks

   $cat /sys/fs/resctrl/mon_groups/test1/mon_data/mon_L3_*/mbm_total_bytes
   21323            <- Total bytes on domain 0
   "Unavailable"    <- Total bytes on domain 1

   Task is running on domain 0. Counter on domain 1 is "Unavailable".

2. The task runs on domain 0 for a while and then moves to domain 1. The
   counter starts incrementing on domain 1.

   $cat /sys/fs/resctrl/mon_groups/test1/mon_data/mon_L3_*/mbm_total_bytes
   7345357          <- Total bytes on domain 0
   4545             <- Total bytes on domain 1

3. At some point, the RMID in domain 0 transitions to the "Unavailable"
   state because the task is no longer executing in that domain.

   $cat /sys/fs/resctrl/mon_groups/test1/mon_data/mon_L3_*/mbm_total_bytes
   "Unavailable"    <- Total bytes on domain 0
   434341           <- Total bytes on domain 1

4.  Since the task continues to migrate between domains, it may eventually
    return to domain 0.

    $cat /sys/fs/resctrl/mon_groups/test1/mon_data/mon_L3_*/mbm_total_bytes
    17592178699059  <- Overflow on domain 0
    3232332         <- Total bytes on domain 1

In this case, the RMID on domain 0 transitions from "Unavailable" state to
active state. The hardware sets MSR_IA32_QM_CTR.Unavailable (bit 62) when
the counter is read and begins tracking the RMID counting from 0.

Subsequent reads succeed but return a value smaller than the previously
saved MSR value (7345357). Consequently, the resctrl's overflow logic is
triggered, it compares the previous value (7345357) with the new, smaller
value and incorrectly interprets this as a counter overflow, adding a large
delta.

In reality, this is a false positive: the counter did not overflow but was
simply reset when the RMID transitioned from "Unavailable" back to active
state.

Here is the text from APM [1] available from [2].

"In PQOS Version 2.0 or higher, the MBM hardware will set the U bit on the
first QM_CTR read when it begins tracking an RMID that it was not
previously tracking. The U bit will be zero for all subsequent reads from
that RMID while it is still tracked by the hardware. Therefore, a QM_CTR
read with the U bit set when that RMID is in use by a processor can be
considered 0 when calculating the difference with a subsequent read."

[1] AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual Volume 2: System Programming
    Publication # 24593 Revision 3.41 section 19.3.3 Monitoring L3 Memory
    Bandwidth (MBM).

  [ bp: Split commit message into smaller paragraph chunks for better
    consumption. ]

Fixes: 4d05bf71f157d ("x86/resctrl: Introduce AMD QOS feature")
Signed-off-by: Babu Moger 
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) 
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre 
Tested-by: Reinette Chatre 
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # needs adjustments for <= v6.17
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=206537 # [2]
(cherry picked from commit 15292f1b4c55a3a7c940dbcb6cb8793871ed3d92)
[babu.moger@amd.com: Needed backport for v5.10 stable]
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

x86/resctrl: Fix a maybe-uninitialized build warning treated as error

2021-09-15T07:50:47+00:00

commit 527f721478bce3f49b513a733bacd19d6f34b08c upstream.

The recent commit

  064855a69003 ("x86/resctrl: Fix default monitoring groups reporting")

caused a RHEL build failure with an uninitialized variable warning
treated as an error because it removed the default case snippet.

The RHEL Makefile uses '-Werror=maybe-uninitialized' to force possibly
uninitialized variable warnings to be treated as errors. This is also
reported by smatch via the 0day robot.

The error from the RHEL build is:

  arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/monitor.c: In function ‘__mon_event_count’:
  arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/monitor.c:261:12: error: ‘m’ may be used
  uninitialized in this function [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized]
    m->chunks += chunks;
              ^~

The upstream Makefile does not build using '-Werror=maybe-uninitialized'.
So, the problem is not seen there. Fix the problem by putting back the
default case snippet.

 [ bp: note that there's nothing wrong with the code and other compilers
   do not trigger this warning - this is being done just so the RHEL compiler
   is happy. ]

Fixes: 064855a69003 ("x86/resctrl: Fix default monitoring groups reporting")
Reported-by: Terry Bowman 
Reported-by: kernel test robot 
Signed-off-by: Babu Moger 
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov 
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre 
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/162949631908.23903.17090272726012848523.stgit@bmoger-ubuntu
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

x86/resctrl: Fix default monitoring groups reporting

2021-08-18T06:59:15+00:00

commit 064855a69003c24bd6b473b367d364e418c57625 upstream.

Creating a new sub monitoring group in the root /sys/fs/resctrl leads to
getting the "Unavailable" value for mbm_total_bytes and mbm_local_bytes
on the entire filesystem.

Steps to reproduce:

  1. mount -t resctrl resctrl /sys/fs/resctrl/

  2. cd /sys/fs/resctrl/

  3. cat mon_data/mon_L3_00/mbm_total_bytes
     23189832

  4. Create sub monitor group:
  mkdir mon_groups/test1

  5. cat mon_data/mon_L3_00/mbm_total_bytes
     Unavailable

When a new monitoring group is created, a new RMID is assigned to the
new group. But the RMID is not active yet. When the events are read on
the new RMID, it is expected to report the status as "Unavailable".

When the user reads the events on the default monitoring group with
multiple subgroups, the events on all subgroups are consolidated
together. Currently, if any of the RMID reads report as "Unavailable",
then everything will be reported as "Unavailable".

Fix the issue by discarding the "Unavailable" reads and reporting all
the successful RMID reads. This is not a problem on Intel systems as
Intel reports 0 on Inactive RMIDs.

Fixes: d89b7379015f ("x86/intel_rdt/cqm: Add mon_data")
Reported-by: Paweł Szulik 
Signed-off-by: Babu Moger 
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov 
Acked-by: Reinette Chatre 
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=213311
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/162793309296.9224.15871659871696482080.stgit@bmoger-ubuntu
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

x86/resctrl: Fix incorrect local bandwidth when mba_sc is enabled

2020-12-10T16:52:37+00:00

The MBA software controller (mba_sc) is a feedback loop which
periodically reads MBM counters and tries to restrict the bandwidth
below a user-specified value. It tags along the MBM counter overflow
handler to do the updates with 1s interval in mbm_update() and
update_mba_bw().

The purpose of mbm_update() is to periodically read the MBM counters to
make sure that the hardware counter doesn't wrap around more than once
between user samplings. mbm_update() calls __mon_event_count() for local
bandwidth updating when mba_sc is not enabled, but calls mbm_bw_count()
instead when mba_sc is enabled. __mon_event_count() will not be called
for local bandwidth updating in MBM counter overflow handler, but it is
still called when reading MBM local bandwidth counter file
'mbm_local_bytes', the call path is as below:

  rdtgroup_mondata_show()
    mon_event_read()
      mon_event_count()
        __mon_event_count()

In __mon_event_count(), m->chunks is updated by delta chunks which is
calculated from previous MSR value (m->prev_msr) and current MSR value.
When mba_sc is enabled, m->chunks is also updated in mbm_update() by
mistake by the delta chunks which is calculated from m->prev_bw_msr
instead of m->prev_msr. But m->chunks is not used in update_mba_bw() in
the mba_sc feedback loop.

When reading MBM local bandwidth counter file, m->chunks was changed
unexpectedly by mbm_bw_count(). As a result, the incorrect local
bandwidth counter which calculated from incorrect m->chunks is shown to
the user.

Fix this by removing incorrect m->chunks updating in mbm_bw_count() in
MBM counter overflow handler, and always calling __mon_event_count() in
mbm_update() to make sure that the hardware local bandwidth counter
doesn't wrap around.

Test steps:
  # Run workload with aggressive memory bandwidth (e.g., 10 GB/s)
  git clone https://github.com/intel/intel-cmt-cat && cd intel-cmt-cat
  && make
  ./tools/membw/membw -c 0 -b 10000 --read

  # Enable MBA software controller
  mount -t resctrl resctrl -o mba_MBps /sys/fs/resctrl

  # Create control group c1
  mkdir /sys/fs/resctrl/c1

  # Set MB throttle to 6 GB/s
  echo "MB:0=6000;1=6000" > /sys/fs/resctrl/c1/schemata

  # Write PID of the workload to tasks file
  echo `pidof membw` > /sys/fs/resctrl/c1/tasks

  # Read local bytes counters twice with 1s interval, the calculated
  # local bandwidth is not as expected (approaching to 6 GB/s):
  local_1=`cat /sys/fs/resctrl/c1/mon_data/mon_L3_00/mbm_local_bytes`
  sleep 1
  local_2=`cat /sys/fs/resctrl/c1/mon_data/mon_L3_00/mbm_local_bytes`
  echo "local b/w (bytes/s):" `expr $local_2 - $local_1`

Before fix:
  local b/w (bytes/s): 11076796416

After fix:
  local b/w (bytes/s): 5465014272

Fixes: ba0f26d8529c (x86/intel_rdt/mba_sc: Prepare for feedback loop)
Signed-off-by: Xiaochen Shen 
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov 
Reviewed-by: Tony Luck 
Cc: 
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1607063279-19437-1-git-send-email-xiaochen.shen@intel.com

x86/resctrl: Use container_of() in delayed_work handlers

2020-08-18T15:05:08+00:00

mbm_handle_overflow() and cqm_handle_limbo() are both provided with
the domain's work_struct when called, but use get_domain_from_cpu()
to find the domain, along with the appropriate error handling.

container_of() saves some list walking and bitmap testing, use that
instead.

Signed-off-by: James Morse 
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov 
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre 
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200708163929.2783-5-james.morse@arm.com

x86/resctrl: Remove unused struct mbm_state::chunks_bw

2020-08-18T14:51:55+00:00

Nothing reads struct mbm_states's chunks_bw value, its a copy of
chunks. Remove it.

Signed-off-by: James Morse 
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov 
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre 
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200708163929.2783-2-james.morse@arm.com

x86/resctrl: Support wider MBM counters

2020-05-06T16:08:32+00:00

The original Memory Bandwidth Monitoring (MBM) architectural
definition defines counters of up to 62 bits in the
IA32_QM_CTR MSR while the first-generation MBM implementation
uses statically defined 24 bit counters.

The MBM CPUID enumeration properties have been expanded to include
the MBM counter width, encoded as an offset from 24 bits.

While eight bits are available for the counter width offset IA32_QM_CTR
MSR only supports 62 bit counters. Add a sanity check, with warning
printed when encountered, to ensure counters cannot exceed the 62 bit
limit.

Signed-off-by: Reinette Chatre 
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov 
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/69d52abd5b14794d3a0f05ba7c755ed1f4c0d5ed.1588715690.git.reinette.chatre@intel.com

x86/resctrl: Maintain MBM counter width per resource

2020-05-06T16:00:35+00:00

The original Memory Bandwidth Monitoring (MBM) architectural
definition defines counters of up to 62 bits in the IA32_QM_CTR MSR,
and the first-generation MBM implementation uses 24 bit counters.
Software is required to poll at 1 second or faster to ensure that
data is retrieved before a counter rollover occurs more than once
under worst conditions.

As system bandwidths scale the software requirement is maintained with
the introduction of a per-resource enumerable MBM counter width.

In preparation for supporting hardware with an enumerable MBM counter
width the current globally static MBM counter width is moved to a
per-resource MBM counter width. Currently initialized to 24 always
to result in no functional change.

In essence there is one function, mbm_overflow_count() that needs to
know the counter width to handle rollovers. The static value
used within mbm_overflow_count() will be replaced with a value
discovered from the hardware. Support for learning the MBM counter
width from hardware is added in the change that follows.

Signed-off-by: Reinette Chatre 
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov 
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/e36743b9800f16ce600f86b89127391f61261f23.1588715690.git.reinette.chatre@intel.com

x86/resctrl: Check monitoring static key in the MBM overflow handler

2020-01-17T18:32:32+00:00

Currently, there are three static keys in the resctrl file system:
rdt_mon_enable_key and rdt_alloc_enable_key indicate if the monitoring
feature and the allocation feature are enabled, respectively. The
rdt_enable_key is enabled when either the monitoring feature or the
allocation feature is enabled.

If no monitoring feature is present (either hardware doesn't support a
monitoring feature or the feature is disabled by the kernel command line
option "rdt="), rdt_enable_key is still enabled but rdt_mon_enable_key
is disabled.

MBM is a monitoring feature. The MBM overflow handler intends to
check if the monitoring feature is not enabled for fast return.

So check the rdt_mon_enable_key in it instead of the rdt_enable_key as
former is the more accurate check.

 [ bp: Massage commit message. ]

Fixes: e33026831bdb ("x86/intel_rdt/mbm: Handle counter overflow")
Signed-off-by: Xiaochen Shen 
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov 
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1576094705-13660-1-git-send-email-xiaochen.shen@intel.com

Merge branch 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

2019-06-16T17:28:14+00:00

Pull x86 fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
 "The accumulated fixes from this and last week:

   - Fix vmalloc TLB flush and map range calculations which lead to
     stale TLBs, spurious faults and other hard to diagnose issues.

   - Use fault_in_pages_writable() for prefaulting the user stack in the
     FPU code as it's less fragile than the current solution

   - Use the PF_KTHREAD flag when checking for a kernel thread instead
     of current->mm as the latter can give the wrong answer due to
     use_mm()

   - Compute the vmemmap size correctly for KASLR and 5-Level paging.
     Otherwise this can end up with a way too small vmemmap area.

   - Make KASAN and 5-level paging work again by making sure that all
     invalid bits are masked out when computing the P4D offset. This
     worked before but got broken recently when the LDT remap area was
     moved.

   - Prevent a NULL pointer dereference in the resource control code
     which can be triggered with certain mount options when the
     requested resource is not available.

   - Enforce ordering of microcode loading vs. perf initialization on
     secondary CPUs. Otherwise perf tries to access a non-existing MSR
     as the boot CPU marked it as available.

   - Don't stop the resource control group walk early otherwise the
     control bitmaps are not updated correctly and become inconsistent.

   - Unbreak kgdb by returning 0 on success from
     kgdb_arch_set_breakpoint() instead of an error code.

   - Add more Icelake CPU model defines so depending changes can be
     queued in other trees"

* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/microcode, cpuhotplug: Add a microcode loader CPU hotplug callback
  x86/kasan: Fix boot with 5-level paging and KASAN
  x86/fpu: Don't use current->mm to check for a kthread
  x86/kgdb: Return 0 from kgdb_arch_set_breakpoint()
  x86/resctrl: Prevent NULL pointer dereference when local MBM is disabled
  x86/resctrl: Don't stop walking closids when a locksetup group is found
  x86/fpu: Update kernel's FPU state before using for the fsave header
  x86/mm/KASLR: Compute the size of the vmemmap section properly
  x86/fpu: Use fault_in_pages_writeable() for pre-faulting
  x86/CPU: Add more Icelake model numbers
  mm/vmalloc: Avoid rare case of flushing TLB with weird arguments
  mm/vmalloc: Fix calculation of direct map addr range