linux-stable.git/arch/x86/include, branch master

Merge tag 'device-id-rework' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ukleinek/linux

2026-07-03T06:54:26+00:00

Pull mod_devicetable.h header split from Uwe Kleine-König:
 "Split  in per subsystem headers

   is included transitively in nearly every
  driver in an x86_64 allmodconfig build of v7.1:

      $ find drivers -name \*.o -not -name \*.mod.o | wc -l
      21330
      $ find drivers -name \*.o.cmd -not -name \*.mod.o.cmd | xargs grep -l mod_devicetable.h | wc -l
      17038

  The result of this mixture of different and unrelated subsystem
  details is that even when touching an obscure device id struct most of
  the kernel needs to be recompiled. Given that each driver typically
  only needs one or two of these structures, splitting into per
  subsystem headers and only including what is really needed reduces the
  amount of needed recompilation.

  This split is implemented in the first commit and then after some
  preparatory work in the following commits, the last two replace
  includes of  by the actually needed more
  specific headers.

  There are still a few instances left, but the ones with high impact
  (that is in headers that are used a lot) and the easy ones (.c files)
  are handled. These remaining includes will be addressed during the
  next merge window"

* tag 'device-id-rework' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ukleinek/linux:
  Replace  by more specific  (c files)
  Replace  by more specific  (headers)
  parisc: #include  for unlikely() in 
  media: em28xx: Add include for struct usb_device_id
  LoongArch: KVM: Add include defining struct cpu_feature
  ALSA: hda/core: Add include defining struct hda_device_id
  usb: dwc2: Add include defining struct pci_device_id
  platform/x86: int3472: Add include defining struct dmi_system_id
  platform/x86: x86-android-tablets: Add include defining struct dmi_system_id
  i2c: Let i2c-core.h include 
  of: Explicitly include  and 
  platform/x86: msi-ec: Ensure dmi_system_id is defined
  usb: serial: Include  in 
  driver core: platform: Include header for struct platform_device_id
  driver: core: Include headers for acpi_device_id and of_device_id for struct device_driver
  media: ti: vpe: #include  explicitly
  mod_devicetable.h: Split into per subsystem headers

Replace by more specific (headers)

2026-07-03T05:38:16+00:00

 is included in a many files:

	$ git grep '' ef0c9f75a195 | wc -l
	1598

; some of them are widely used headers. To stop mixing up different and
unrelated driver( type)s let the subsystem headers only use the subset
of the recently split  that are relevant for
them.

The fallout (I hope) is addressed in the previous commits that handle
sources relying on e.g.  pulling in the full legacy header
and thus providing pci_device_id.

Acked-by: Danilo Krummrich 
Acked-by: Takashi Sakamoto 
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/199fe46b624ba07fb9bd3e0cd6ff13757932cb5f.1782808461.git.u.kleine-koenig@baylibre.com
Signed-off-by: Uwe Kleine-König (The Capable Hub)

x86/bugs: Enable IBPB flush on BPF JIT allocation

2026-07-01T08:33:38+00:00

Enable hardening against JIT spraying when Spectre-v2 mitigations are in
use. Specifically, issue an IBPB flush on BPF JIT memory reuse. Skip
enabling the IBPB flush if the BPF dispatcher is already using a retpoline
sequence.

This hardening applies only when BPF-JIT is in use. Guard the enabling
under CONFIG_BPF_JIT so that bugs.c still builds with CONFIG_BPF_JIT=n.

Signed-off-by: Pawan Gupta 
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann 
Acked-by: Dave Hansen 
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann

Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm

2026-06-25T17:21:13+00:00

Pull kvm fixes from Paolo Bonzini:
 "s390:

   - Fix S390_USER_OPEREXEC so it can now be enabled regardless of other
     unrelated capabilities

   - Fix handling of the _PAGE_UNUSED pte bit that could lead to guest
     memory corruption in some scenarios

   - A bunch of misc gmap fixes (locking, behaviour under memory
     pressure)

   - Fix CMMA dirty tracking

  x86:

   - Tidy up some WARN_ON() and BUG_ON(), replacing them with
     WARN_ON_ONCE() or KVM_BUG_ON(). All of these have obviously never
     triggered, or somebody would have been annoyed earlier, but still...

   - Fix missing interrupt due to stale CR8 intercept

   - Add a statistic that can come in handy to debug leaks as well as
     the vulnerability to a class of recently-discovered issues

   - Do not ask arch/x86/kernel to export
     default_cpu_present_to_apicid() just for KVM"

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (22 commits)
  x86/apic: KVM: Use cpu_physical_id() to get APIC ID of running vCPU for AVIC
  KVM: x86/mmu: Expose number of shadow MMU shadow pages as a stat
  KVM: x86: Unconditionally recompute CR8 intercept on PPR update
  KVM: VMX: Grab vmcs12 on CR8 interception update iff vCPU is in guest mode
  KVM: x86: WARN (once) if RTC pending EOI tracking goes off the rails
  KVM: x86: WARN and fail kvm_set_irq() if a PIC or I/O APIC vector is invalid
  KVM: x86: Bug the VM, not the kernel, if the ISR count {under,over}flows
  KVM: x86/mmu: Bug the VM, not the host kernel, if KVM write-protects upper SPTEs
  KVM: x86: Replace BUG_ON() with WARN_ON_ONCE() on "bad" nested GPA translation
  KVM: Replace guest-triggerable BUG_ON() in ioeventfd datamatch with get_unaligned()
  KVM: s390: Return failure in case of failure in kvm_s390_set_cmma_bits()
  KVM: s390: selftests: Fix cmma selftest
  KVM: s390: Fix cmma dirty tracking
  KVM: s390: Fix locking in kvm_s390_set_mem_control()
  KVM: s390: Fix handle_{sske,pfmf} under memory pressure
  KVM: s390: Fix code typo in gmap_protect_asce_top_level()
  KVM: s390: Do not set special large pages dirty
  KVM: s390: Fix dat_peek_cmma() overflow
  s390/mm: Fix handling of _PAGE_UNUSED pte bit
  KVM: s390: Fix typo in UCONTROL documentation
  ...

x86/apic: KVM: Use cpu_physical_id() to get APIC ID of running vCPU for AVIC

2026-06-24T11:52:24+00:00

Use cpu_physical_id() instead of default_cpu_present_to_apicid() when
getting the APIC ID of the pCPU on which a vCPU is running/loaded, as the
kernel has gone way off the rails if a vCPU is loaded on a pCPU that has
been physically removed from the system.  Even if the impossible were to
happen, the absolutely worst case scenario is that hardware will ring the
AIVC doorbell on the wrong pCPU, i.e. a severely broken system will
experience mild performance issues.

Kill off KVM's superfluous kvm_cpu_get_apicid() wrapper along with the
for-KVM export of default_cpu_present_to_apicid(), as they existed purely
for the wonky AVIC usage.

Cc: Kai Huang 
Cc: Yosry Ahmed 
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson 
Acked-by: Naveen N Rao (AMD) 
Reviewed-by: Kai Huang 
Reviewed-by: Yosry Ahmed 
Message-ID: <20260612185459.591892-1-seanjc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini

KVM: x86/mmu: Expose number of shadow MMU shadow pages as a stat

2026-06-24T11:52:23+00:00

Turn arch.n_used_mmu_pages into a stat, mmu_shadow_pages, as the number of
live shadow pages is arguably _the_ most critical datapoint when it comes
to analyzing the shadow MMU.  Before the TDP MMU came along, i.e. when the
shadow MMU was the only MMU, explicitly tracking the number of shadow pages
wasn't as interesting, because the same information could more or less be
gleaned from the pages_{1g,2m,4k} stats.  But with the TDP MMU, where the
shadow MMU is only used for nested TDP, it becomes extremely difficult, if
not impossible, to determine which SPTEs are coming from the TDP MMU, and
which are coming from the shadow MMU.

E.g. when triaging/debugging shadow MMU performance issues due to "too many
shadow pages", being able to observe that 99%+ of all shadow pages are
unsync is critical to being able to deduce that KVM is effectively leaking
shadow pages.

Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson 
Message-ID: <20260612133727.411902-1-seanjc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini

Merge tag 'hyperv-next-signed-20260621' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/hyperv/linux

2026-06-22T15:06:13+00:00

Pull hyperv updates from Wei Liu:

 - Use wakeup mailbox to boot APs in Hyper-V VTL2 TDX guests (Yunhong
   Jiang, Ricardo Neri)

 - Move the Hyper-V IOMMU to its own subdirectory (Mukesh Rathor)

 - Cosmetic changes to mshv and balloon driver (Junrui Luo, Markus
   Elfring)

* tag 'hyperv-next-signed-20260621' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/hyperv/linux:
  mshv: add bounds check on vp_index in mshv_intercept_isr()
  hv_balloon: Simplify data output in hv_balloon_debug_show()
  x86/hyperv: Cosmetic changes in irqdomain.c for readability
  iommu/hyperv: Create hyperv subdirectory under drivers/iommu
  x86/hyperv/vtl: Use the wakeup mailbox to boot secondary CPUs
  x86/hyperv/vtl: Mark the wakeup mailbox page as private
  x86/acpi: Add a helper to get the address of the wakeup mailbox
  x86/hyperv/vtl: Setup the 64-bit trampoline for TDX guests
  x86/realmode: Make the location of the trampoline configurable
  x86/hyperv/vtl: Set real_mode_header in hv_vtl_init_platform()
  x86/dt: Parse the Wakeup Mailbox for Intel processors
  dt-bindings: reserved-memory: Wakeup Mailbox for Intel processors
  x86/acpi: Add functions to setup and access the wakeup mailbox
  x86/topology: Add missing struct declaration and attribute dependency

Merge tag 'strncpy-removal-v7.2-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux

2026-06-19T21:56:45+00:00

Pull strncpy removal from Kees Cook:

 - Remove the per-arch strncpy implementations in alpha, m68k, powerpc,
   x86, and xtensa

 - Remove strncpy API

   Over the last 6 years working on strncpy removal there were 362
   commits by 70 contributors. Folks with more than 1 commit were:

    211  Justin Stitt 
     22  Xu Panda 
     21  Kees Cook 
     17  Thorsten Blum 
     12  Arnd Bergmann 
      4  Pranav Tyagi 
      4  Lee Jones 
      2  Steven Rostedt 
      2  Sam Ravnborg 
      2  Marcelo Moreira 
      2  Krzysztof Kozlowski 
      2  Kalle Valo 
      2  Jaroslav Kysela 
      2  Daniel Thompson 
      2  Andrew Lunn 

* tag 'strncpy-removal-v7.2-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux:
  string: Remove strncpy() from the kernel
  xtensa: Remove arch-specific strncpy() implementation
  x86: Remove arch-specific strncpy() implementation
  powerpc: Remove arch-specific strncpy() implementation
  m68k: Remove arch-specific strncpy() implementation
  alpha: Remove arch-specific strncpy() implementation

Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm

2026-06-19T15:56:49+00:00

Pull kvm updates from Paolo Bonzini:
 "arm64:

     This is a bit of an odd merge window on the KVM/arm64 front. There
     is absolutely no new feature in the pull request. It is purely
     fixes, because it is simply becoming too hard to review new stuff
     when so many AI-fuelled fixes hit the list.

   - Significant cleanup of the vgic-v5 PPI support which was merged in
     7.1. This makes the code more maintainable, and squashes a couple
     of bugs in the meantime

   - Set of fixes for the handling of the MMU in an NV context,
     particularly VNCR-triggered faults. S1POE support is fixed as well

   - Large set of pKVM fixes, mostly addressing recurring issues around
     hypervisor tracking of donated pages in obscure cases where the
     donation could fail and leave things in a bizarre state

   - Fixes for the so-called "lazy vgic init", which resulted in
     sleeping operations in non-preemptible sections. This turned out to
     be far more invasive than initially expected..

   - Reduce the overhead of L1/L2 context switch by not touching the FP
     registers

   - Fix the way non-implemented page sizes are dealt with when a guest
     insist on using them for S2 translation

   - The usual set of low-impact fixes and cleanups all over the map

  Loongarch:

   - On a request for lazy FPU load, load all FPU state that the VM
     supports instead of enabling only the part (FPU, LSX or LASX) that
     caused the FPU load request

   - Some enhancements about interrupt injection

   - Some bug fixes and other small changes

  RISC-V:

   - Batch G-stage TLB flushes for GPA range based page table updates

   - Convert HGEI line management to fully per-HART

   - Fix missing CSR dirty marking when FWFT state updated via ONE_REG

   - Fix stale FWFT feature exposure to Guest/VM

   - Speed up dirty logging write faults using MMU rwlock and atomic PTE
     updates using cmpxchg() for permission-only changes

   - Use flexible array for APLIC IRQ state

   - Use kvm_slot_dirty_track_enabled() for logging enable check on a
     memslot

   - Avoid skipping valid pages in kvm_riscv_gstage_wp_range()

   - Avoid skipping valid pages in kvm_riscv_gstage_unmap_range()

   - Use endian-specific __lelong for NACL shared memory

  S390:

   - KVM_PRE_FAULT_MEMORY support

   - Support for 2G hugepages

   - Support for the ASTFLEIE 2 facility

   - Support for fast inject using kvm_arch_set_irq_inatomic

   - Fix potential leak of uninitialized bytes

   - A few more misc gmap fixes

  x86:

   - Generic support for the more granular permissions allowed by EPT,
     namely "read" (which was previously usurping the U bit) and
     separate execution bits for kernel and userspace

   - Do not assume that all page tables start with U=1/W=1/NX=0 at the
     root, as AMD GMET needs to have U=0 at the root

   - Introduce common assembly macros for use within Intel and AMD
     vendor-specific vmentry code. This touches the SPEC_CTRL handling,
     which is now entirely done in assembly for Intel (by reusing the
     AMD code that already existed), and register save/restore which
     uses some macro magic to compute the offsets in the struct. Both of
     these are preparatory changes for upcoming APX support

   - Clean up KVM's register tracking and storage, primarily to prepare
     for APX support, which expands the maximum number of GPRs from 16
     to 32

   - Keep a single copy of the PDPTRs rather than two, since
     architecturally there is just one

   - Handle EXIT_FASTPATH_EXIT_USERSPACE in vendor code to ensure vendor
     code gets a chance to handle things like reaping the PML buffer

   - Update KVM's view of PV async enabling if and only if the MSR write
     fully succeeds

   - Fix a variety of issues where the emulator doesn't honor
     guest-debug state, and clean up related code along the way

   - Synthesize EPT Violation and #NPF "error code" bits when injecting
     faults into L1 that didn't originate in hardware (in which case the
     VMCS/VMCB doesn't hold relevant information)

   - Add support for virtualizing (well, emulating) AMD's flavor of
     CPL>0 CPUID faulting

   - Clean up the GPR APIs so that KVM's use of "raw" is consistent, and
     fix a variety of minor bugs along the way

   - Fix an OOB memory access due to not checking the VP ID when
     handling a Hyper-V PV TLB flush for L2

   - Fix a bug in the mediated PMU's handling of fixed counters that
     allowed the guest to bypass the PMU event filter

   - Allow userspace to return EAGAIN when handling SNP and TDX
     hypercalls, so the KVM can forward a "retry" status code to the
     guest, and reserve all unused error codes for future usage

   - Overhaul the TDP MMU => S-EPT code to move as much S-EPT specific
     logic as possible into the TDX code, and to funnel (almost) all
     S-EPT updates into a single chokepoint. The motivation is largely
     to prepare for upcoming Dynamic PAMT support, but the cleanups are
     nice to have on their own

   - Plug a hole in shadow page table handling, where KVM fails to
     recursively zap nested EPT/NPT shadow page tables when the nested
     hypervisor tears down its own EPT/NPT page tables from the bottom
     up

  x86 (Intel):

   - Support for nested MBEC (Mode-Based Execute Control), see above in
     the generic section; also run with MBEC enabled even for non-nested
     mode

   - Use the kernel's "enum pg_level" in the TDX APIs instead of the
     TDX-Module's level definitions (which are 0-based)

   - Rework the TDX memory APIs to not require/assume that guest memory
     is backed by "struct page" (in prepartion for guest_memfd hugepage
     support)

   - Fix a largely benign bug where KVM TDX would incorrectly state it
     could emulate several x2APIC MSRs

   - Use the "safe" WRMSR API when proxying LBR MSR writes as the
     to-be-written value is guest controlled and completely unvalidated

  x86 (AMD):

   - Support for nested GMET (Guest Mode Execution Trap), see above in
     the generic section; also run with GMET enabled even for non-nested
     mode

   - Fixes and minor cleanups to GHCB handling, on top of the earlier
     work already merged into 7.1-rc

   - Ensure KVM's copy of CR0 and CR3 are up-to-date prior to invoking
     fastpath handlers

   - Add support for virtualizing gPAT (KVM previously just used L1's
     PAT when running L2)

   - Fix goofs where KVM mishandles side effects (e.g. single-step and
     PMC updates) when emulating VMRUN

   - Fix a variety of bugs in AVIC's handling of x2APIC MSR
     interception, most notably where KVM didn't disable interception of
     IRR, ISR, and TMR regs

   - Add support for virtualizing Host-Only/Guest-Only bits in the
     mediated PMU

   - Don't advertise support for unusable VM types, and account for VM
     types that are disabled by firmware, e.g. to mitigate security
     vulnerabilities

   - Rewrite the SEV {en,de}crypt debug ioctls as they were riddle with
     bugs and unnecessarily complicated, and add comprehensive tests

   - Clean up and deduplicate the SEV page pinning code

   - Fix minor goofs related to writing back CPUID information after
     firmware rejects a CPUID page for an SNP vCPU

  Generic:

   - Rename invalidate_begin() to invalidate_start() throughout KVM to
     follow the kernel's nomenclature, e.g. for mmu_notifiers

   - Use guard() to cleanup up various KVM+VFIO flows

   - Minor cleanups

  guest_memfd:

   - Return -EEXIST instead of -EINVAL if userspace attempts to bind a
     gmem range to multiple memslots, and fix the test that was supposed
     to ensure KVM returns -EEXIST

   - Treat memslot binding offsets and sizes as unsigned values to fix a
     bug where KVM interprets a large "offset + size" as a negative
     value and allows a nonsensical offset

   - Use the inode number instead of the page offset for the NUMA
     interleaving index to fix a bug where the effective index would
     jump by two for consecutive pages (the caller also adds in the page
     offset)

  Selftests:

   - Randomize the dirty log test's delay when reaping the bitmap on the
     first pass, as always waiting only 1ms hid a KVM RISC-V bug as the
     test reaped the bitmap before KVM could build up enough state to
     hit the bug

   - A pile of one-off fixes and cleanups"

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (326 commits)
  KVM: x86/mmu: Ensure hugepage is in by slot before checking max mapping level
  KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected role
  KVM: s390: Introducing kvm_arch_set_irq_inatomic fast inject
  KVM: s390: Enable adapter_indicators_set to use mapped pages
  KVM: s390: Add map/unmap ioctl and clean mappings post-guest
  riscv: kvm: Use endian-specific __lelong for NACL shared memory
  KVM: selftests: access_tracking_perf_test: bump number of NUMA nodes to 32
  KVM: s390: vsie: Implement ASTFLEIE facility 2
  KVM: s390: vsie: Refactor handle_stfle
  s390/sclp: Detect ASTFLEIE 2 facility
  KVM: s390: Minor refactor of base/ext facility lists
  KVM: x86/mmu: move pdptrs out of the MMU
  KVM: x86: check that kvm_handle_invpcid is only invoked with shadow paging
  KVM: nSVM: invalidate cached PDPTRs across nested NPT transitions
  KVM: nVMX: remove unnecessary code in prepare_vmcs02_rare
  KVM: x86: remove nested_mmu from mmu_is_nested()
  KVM: arm64: vgic-its: Make ABI commit helpers return void
  KVM: s390: Initialize KVM_S390_GET_CMMA_BITS memory
  LoongArch: KVM: Add missing slots_lock for device register/unregister
  LoongArch: KVM: Validate irqchip index in irqfd routing
  ...

x86: Remove arch-specific strncpy() implementation

2026-06-18T23:37:13+00:00

strncpy() has no remaining callers in the kernel[1]. Remove the
x86-32-specific inline assembly implementation and __HAVE_ARCH_STRNCPY
define, falling back to the generic version in lib/string.c.

Link: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/90 [1]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook